Unit 3 Test AP Psych
1. Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce a. aphasia. b. epileptic seizures. c. depression. d. neural plasticity. e. reward deficiency syndrome.
B
11. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n) a. EEG. b. MRI. c. PET scan. d. brain lesion. e. X-ray.
b
15. Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological speciality known as a. behaviorism. b. biological psychology. c. psychoanalysis. d. myelin. e. behavior genetics.
b
23. For you to be able to run,____ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles. a. interneurons b. agonists c. motor neurons d. sensory neurons e. the autonomic nervous system ____
c
27. Motor neurons are an important part of the a. limbic system. b. reticular formation. c. peripheral nervous system. d. brainstem. e. motor cortex.
c
3. Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. What is this process called? a. plasticity b. reuptake c. neurogenesis d. reticular formation e. myelin cells
c
30. The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to a. motor neurons. b. neurotransmitters. c. interneurons. d. the sympathetic nervous system. e. the parasympathetic nervous system.
c
7. Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as a. acetylcholine. b. serotonin. c. endorphins. d. dopamine. e. epinephrine.
c
52. An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to a. Alzheimer's disease. b. schizophrenia. c. Parkinson's disease. d. depression. e. euphoria.
d
10. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) a. fMRI. b. hemispherectomy. c. ACh agonist. d. brain lesion. e. MRI.
a
12. Sheelah was able to jerk her hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex a. was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord. b. did not involve activity in her central nervous system. c. was activated by the rapidly responding brain. d. was activated by her self-regulating autonomic nervous system. e. was controlled by both her nervous system and impulses from her endocrine system.
a
13. The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n) a. action potential. b. myelin sheath. c. lesion. d. neural network. e. interneuron.
a
24. The function of dendrites is to a. receive incoming signals from other neurons. b. release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. c. coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d. control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain. e. transmit signals to other neurons.
a
25. Someone skilled at word processing thinks several letters ahead while typing, whereas a beginner must focus on one letter at a time. A novice is most likely using _____ to complete the task. a. conscious serial processing b. the right hemisphere c. the limbic system d. unconscious parallel processing e. the reticular formation ____
a
33. Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely to use which kind of brain scan? a. EEG b. CT c. fMRI d. PET e. MRI
a
37. The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in a. children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed. b. people paralyzed by a severed spinal cord. c. individuals with Alzheimer's disease. d. adults with aphasia. e. people free of any disease or brain damage.
a
41. Someone trying to add a long series of three digit numbers is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain structure? a. left hemisphere b. thalamus c. reticular formation d. right hemisphere e. medulla
a
46. If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of a. brain plasticity. b. hemispheric specialization. c. neural prosthetics. d. integrated association areas. e. aphasia.
a
49. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked to point to the word with their left hand, patients pointed to a. HE. b. ART. c. HEART. d. EA. e. nothing. They were unable to complete the task.
a
53. The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n) a. action potential. b. synapse. c. neurotransmitters. d. myelin sheath. e. interneuron.
a
54. Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin's euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule? a. agonists b. antagonists c. endorphins d. endocrines e. autonomics
a
8. Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter a. dopamine. b. epinephrine. c. acetylcholine. d. serotonin. e. GABA.
a
16. If primed with the flashed word foot, the____ will be especially quick to recognize the word heel. If primed with foot, cry, and glass, the ________ will be especially quick to recognize the word cut. a. right hemisphere; left hemisphere b. left hemisphere; right hemisphere c. cerebellum; brainstem d. left hemisphere; left hemisphere e. sensory cortex; speech cortex ____
b
18. The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the a. peripheral system. b. endocrine system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. somatic system. e. central nervous system.
b
19. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is a. depression. b. muscular paralysis. c. aggression. d. schizophrenia. e. euphoria.
b
20. Teaching a patient to regain the use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is called a. functioning magnetic resonance imaging. b. constraint-induced therapy. c. neural prosthetics. d. phrenology. e. cognitive neuroscience.
b
26. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw a. HE. b. ART. c. HEART. d. EA. e. nothing. They were unable to complete the task.
b
34. Neural networks refer to a. the branching extensions of a neuron. b. interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system. c. neural cables containing many axons. d. junctions between sending and receiving neurons. e. neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
b
35. Deaf people who use sign language typically a. demonstrate greater mathematical competence than hearing persons. b. process language in their left cerebral hemisphere. c. recognize facial expressions of emotion with their left rather than their right cerebral hemisphere. d. have a smaller corpus callosum than hearing persons. e. process language in the right hemisphere rather than the left.
b
36. An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ____ is linked to seizures. a. glutamate b. GABA c. serotonin d. ACh e. dopamine ____
b
38. After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed? a. Dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in your system. b. Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages. c. Excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters. d. The parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous system. e. The adrenal glands tend to act more quickly than the rest of the endocrine system.
b
4. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into a. synaptic gaps. b. the bloodstream. c. dendrites. d. sensory neurons. e. interneurons.
b
55. Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce a. dopamine. b. acetylcholine. c. epinephrine. d. endorphins. e. Glutamate
b
31. What is the interdisciplinary study of how brain activity is linked with our mental processes called? a. social-cultural perspective b. psychodynamic perspective c. cognitive neuroscience d. industrial-organizational psychology e. biopsychosocial approach
c
32. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is a. inhibited by the myelin sheath. b. delayed by the refractory period. c. an all-or-none response. d. dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. e. primarily electrical rather than chemical.
c
42. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the a. endocrine system. b. central nervous system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. e. glands.
c
44. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called a. neurotransmitters. b. neural networks. c. synapses. d. axons. e. thresholds.
c
51. Migraine headaches are most closely linked with an a. oversupply of GABA. b. undersupply of serotonin. c. oversupply of glutamate. d. undersupply of acetylcholine. e. oversupply of norepinepherine.
c
9. The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called? a. myelin sheath b. threshold c. selective permeability d. action potential e. parasympathetic nervous system
c
14. The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates a. Parkinson's disease. b. neurogenesis. c. plasticity. d. lateralization. e. aphasia.
d
17. If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release____ into your bloodstream. a. endorphins b. acetylcholine c. seratonin d. epinephrine e. insulin ____
d
2. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the a. thresholds. b. dendrites. c. endocrine gland. d. myelin sheath. e. pituitary gland.
d
21. Which endocrine gland regulates body growth? a. parathyroid b. adrenal c. thyroid d. pituitary e. pancreas
d
22. Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place? a. axon b. cell body c. myelin sheath d. synapse e. hormones
d
29. The tremors of Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter a. serotonin. b. ACh. c. GABA. d. dopamine. e. acetylcholine.
d
39. Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech? a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. computed tomography (CT ) c. electroencephalogram (EEG) d. positron emission tomography (PET) e. lesion
d
40. Nerves are neural cables containing many a. hormones. b. endorphins. c. interneurons. d. axons. e. lesions.
d
43. A person with schizophrenia may have an overactive dopamine system. Drugs used to treat this disorder prevent the action of dopamine by keeping it from binding to its receptors. These drugs are a. agonists. b. somatic. c. sympathetic. d. antagonists. e. selectively permeable.
d
45. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the____ of a single neuron. a. cell body to the axon to the dendrites b. dendrites to the axon to the cell body c. axon to the cell body to the dendrites d. dendrites to the cell body to the axon e. axon to the dendrites to the cell body ____
d
47. Consciousness is a. the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. b. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. c. effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. d. our awareness of ourselves and our environment. e. brain waves that indicate we are not reacting to a stimulus.
d
48. Reuptake refers to the a. movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. b. release of hormones into the bloodstream. c. inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane. d. reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. e. the ending of the refractory period.
d
5. While relaxing in a lawn chair enjoying a cool drink, which of the following triggers the "rest-and-digest" response, as your heart rate slows and digestion begins? a. sympathetic nervous system b. limbic system c. somatic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system e. motor cortex
d
50. Researchers use dichotic listening tasks to investigate right-left differences in an intact brain. In this task a different verbal stimulus is presented simultaneously to each ear. Findings suggest that participants more quickly recall information heard by the right ear. This suggests that a. the right hemisphere excels in making inferences. b. the left hemisphere outperforms the right in perceptual tasks. c. the right hemisphere is the major hemisphere. d. the left hemisphere is dominant in language processing. e. to the brain, language is language.
d
6. The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the a. circulatory system. b. threshold. c. action potential. d. nervous system. e. endocrine system.
d
28. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which a. a neuron fires more rapidly than usual. b. an electrical charge travels from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron. c. positively charged ions are pumped back outside a neural membrane. d. am individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus. e. dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons.
e