Unit 3 week 1
The child has returned to the nurse's unit following a cardiac catherization. The insertion site is located at the right groin. Peripheral pulses were easily palpated and bilateral lower extremities prior to the procedure. Which finding should be reported to the child's physician? 1. The child is reporting nausea 2. The child has a runny nose 3. The child has a temperature of 102.4 deg F (39.1 deg C) 4. The child's right foot is cool with a pulse assessed only with the use of a Doppler. 5. The right groin is soft without edema
1, 3, 4. The following information should be reported to the position following a cardiac catheterization because they are indicative of possible complications : negative changes to the child's peripheral vascular circulatory status (cool foot with poor pulse), fever over 100 .4 , and nausea or vomiting
The Pediatric nurse has digoxin order for each of five children. The nurse should withhold that option for which children ? mark select all that apply 1. 2 year old child who died Jackson level was 2.4 ng/mL from a blood draw this morning 2. 12 year old child whose digoxin level was 0.9 ng/mL on a blood draw this morning 3. 5 year old who developed vomiting and diarrhea, and is difficult to arouse 4. 16 year old with a heart rate of 54 beats per minute 5. 4 month old child with an apical heart rate of 102 beats per minute
1, 3, 4. The nurse should not administer digoxin to a child with the following issues: the Adolescent with an apical pulse under 60 beats per minute, the child with a digoxin level above 2 ng/mL , and a child who is exhibiting signs of digoxin toxicity
An 8 month old has a ventricular septal defect. Which nursing diagnosis would best apply? 1. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to and efficiency of the heart as a pump 2. Ineffective Airway clearance related to altered pulmonary status 3. Impaired gas exchange related to right-to-left Shunt 4. Impaired skin integrity related to poor peripheral circulation
1. A ventricular septal defect permits blood to flow across a septum, creating an ineffective pump
You take an infant's apical pulse before administering digoxin. What is usually accepted level of pulse rate considered safe for administering digoxin to an 8 month old infant? 1. 100 beats per minute 2. 60 beats per minute 3. 80 beats per minute 4. 150 beats per minute
1. Because digoxin slows the heart rate, it is important that it is not already beating at a slow rate for administration
Immediately after a one-year-old returns from a cardiac catherization, and nurse notes that the pulse distal to the catheter insertion site is weak. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Remove the pressure bandage from the insertion site 2. Perform passive exercises on the affected extremity 3. Notify the physician of the assessment 4. Record the data on the nursing notes, and continue to evaluate
4. The pulse distal to the insertion site may be weak for a few hours but should gradually increase in strength, so the data should be recorded on the nursing notes and the pulse rate monitor. The pressure dressing shouldn't be removed because of the risk of hemorrhage. Passive exercise on the affected extremity won't be performed after a cardiac catherization. The physician doesn't need to be notified at this time but should be notified if the pulse is still weak for longer than 2 hours
Which action should a nurse include in the care plan for a 2 month old with heart failure? 1. Allow the infant to rest before feeding 2. Bath the infant and administer medications before feeding 3. Weigh and bathe the infant before feeding 4. Feed the infant when he cries
1. Because feeding require so much energy, an infant with heart failure should rest before feeding. Bathing and weighing the infant and administering medications should be scheduled around feeding an infant expend energy with crying; therefore, it's best if the infant doesn't cry
An infant with poor feeding is expected of having a congenital heart defect. The parents are asking why a chest x-ray is necessary in their infant. What is the best response from the nurse? 1. It will determine if the heart is enlarged 2 it will show if blood is being shunted3. The image will clarify the structures within the heart 4. It will determine disturbances and the Heart conduction
1. Chest x-rays are performed to see if the heart is enlarged. This will determine if the heart muscle is an increasing in size. Disturbances and heart conduction are detected by an EKG. Visualizing where blood is being sent it is through the echocardiogram. The image used to clarify the structures of the heart is the MRI
A child has just been released from the hospital after a basal occlusive Sickle Cell crisis. The nurse has discussed with the parents how to care for their child at home. The nurse determines that the parents understand the teaching when they state that they will : 1. Keep their child from contact with other children 2. Have the child rest as much as possible 3. Encourage the child to drink as much fluid as possible 4. Not allow the child to play any sports
3. A child with sickle cell disease needs adequate fluids to increase blood volume and help prevent the clumping of red blood cells. Because sickle cell disease is genetic, it isn't contagious, so the child doesn't need to be isolated. The child should be permitted to exercise and play sports, as tolerated come to promote normal development
The nurse is performing Echocardiography on a newborn who is suspected of having a congenital heart defect. The child's mother is concerned about the safety of using this on a newborn and wants to know how this technology works. The nurse assured her that this technology is very safe and may be repeated frequently without added risk. What should the nurse mention and explaining how this diagnostic test works? 1. High frequency sound waves are directed toward the heart 2. A radioactive substance is injected intravenously into the bloodstream and is traced and recorded on video 3. X-rays are directed toward the heart 4 a microphone is placed on the child's chest to record heart sound and translate them into electrical energy
1. Echocardiography, or ultrasound cardiography has become the primary diagnostic test for congenital heart disease. For this, high frequency sound waves, directed toward the heart, are used to locate and study the movement and dimensions of cardiac structures, such as the size of Chambers, thickness of walls, relationship of major vessels to Chambers, and the thickness, lotion, and pressure gradients of valve. You can remind parents echocardiography does not use x-rays so it can be repeated at frequent intervals without exposing their child to the possible risk of radiation. The other answers refer to other types of diagnostic tests, including x-ray studies, radioangiocardiography, and phonocardiography
A nurse is taking the history of a four year old boy who will undergo a cardiac catheterization. Which statement by his mother may necessitate rescheduling for the procedure? 1. He seems listless and slightly warm 2. He is not taking any medication 3. He is very scared and nervous about the procedure 4. He is allergic to iodine and shellfish
1. Fever and other signs and symptoms of infection May necessitate rescheduling the procedure. All the information about allergies is important, not all contrast media contain iodine as a base. The nurse should address the child's fear in a developmentally appropriate way, but fear of the procedure does not warrant rescheduled. Not using any medication would not be a reason for rescheduling procedure
A 10 year old child with sickle cell anemia has been an active 5th grader with good grades. When reviewing the care plan, the nurse would expect to see which of the following medications prescribed to rebuild hemolyzed red blood cells? 1. Regular doses of folic acid 2. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent cell damage 3. Daily iron fortified vitamins 4. High doses of vitamin C
1. Folic acid helps rebuild red blood cells without causing excessive iron levels. Neither antibiotics nor Vitamin-C rebuild hemolyzed red blood cells. Arne fortified vitamins can cause your iron level to be too high
An adolescent is admitted to the hospital in a Sickle Cell crisis. To help control the pain of a Sickle Cell crisis, the nurse should: 1. Apply warm compresses to affected areas 2 administer morphine sulfate 3. Apply a cold compress to the affected area 4. Apply a cooling blanket
1. For clients and sickle cell crisis, warm compresses help dilate vessels and decreased pain. Vessel dilation allows more oxygen to reach the tissues, reversing hypoxia. Morphine doesn't alleviate nasal occlusion. Anything called with further exclude the vessel, increase the pain, and possibly cause infarction to the tissues.
A nurse is caring for an infant who is experiencing heart failure. What would be the most appropriate care for this infant? 1. Administer oxygen 2. Restrict fluids 3. Administer anti diuretics 4. Provides large, less frequent feedings
1. If a child is experiencing heart failure, the infant will need oxygen. One of the medications the infant would be on is a diuretic. An infant with heart failure will need smaller comma more frequent feedings to conserve energy for feeding. Infants are not usually put on fluid restriction
A nurse is administering digoxin to a three-year old. What would be a reason to hold the dose of digoxin? 1. Nausea and vomiting 2. Hypertension 3. Fever Tinnitus 4. Ataxia
1. Nausea and vomiting are signs of digoxin toxicity. The other symptoms listed here are not necessarily signs of digoxin toxicity
The nurse is assessing the heart rate of a healthy six-month-old period in which range should the nurse expect the infant's heart rate? 1. 90 to160 beats per minute 2. 80 to 105 beats per minute 3. 70 to 80 beats per minute 4. 60 to 68 beats per minute
1. Normal infant heart rate averages 90 to 160 beats per minute : the toddlers or preschoolers is 80 - 115, the school-age child is 60 -100, and in adolescents heart rate averages 60 - 68 beats per minute
A nurse is palpating the pulse of a child with suspected aortic regurgitation. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to note? 1. Appropriate Mastery of Developmental milestones 2. Bounding pulses 3. Pitting periorbital edema 4. Reference to resting on the right side
2. A bounding pulse is characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus or aortic regurgitation. narrow or thready pulse may occur in children with heart failure or severe aortic stenosis. A normal pulse will not be expected with aortic regurgitation
What should a nurse do first when admitting an 11 year old and sickle cell crisis? 1. Administer oral pain medication while obtaining the child's history 2. Begin IV fluids after obtaining the child's history 3. Talk to parents about what is expect during the hospitalization 4. Start oxygen therapy as soon as the child's vitals signs are taken
2. Administering fluids is one of the most important components of therapy for sickle cell crisis fluid help increase blood volume and prevent sickling and thrombosis. A child experiencing a Sickle Cell crisis often has severe pain requiring the use of IV analgesics such as morphine, which would be administered after fluid therapy has been started. Talking to the parents about what to expect during hospitalization is important but it isn't the first action the nurse should take. Oxygen therapy is used only if the child is hypoxic
A group of nurses is reviewing the cardiovascular system and its function. Which statement is the most accurate regarding the cardiovascular system in the child? 1. Between the ages of 5 and 6 the left ventricle grows about 2 times the size of the right 2. At Birth, the right and left ventricle are about the same size 3. The heart rate of the child decreases If the child has a fever 4. The heart matures and functions like an adult between 12 and 15 years of age
2. At Birth, both right and left ventricles are about the same size but by a few months of age comma the left ventricle is about 2 times the size of the right. If infant has a fever, respiratory distress, or any increased need for oxygen, the pulse rate goes up to increase the cardiac output. Although the size is smaller, by the time the child is 5 years old the heart has matured, developed, and functions just as the adult heart
A nurse is giving discharge instructions to the parents of a newborn With A congenital heart disorder. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do in the event the child becomes cyanotic? 1. Administer low dose aspirin 2. Place him in a knee chest position 3. Perform Hands-On CPR 4. Administer prescribed amoxicillin
2. Before parents leave the hospital with a newborn who has a congenital heart disorder, be certain they have the name and number of the health care professional to call if they have a question about the infant's health. Review with them the steps to take if the child should become cyanotic, such as placing the child in a knee chest position. Hands-On CPR is not recommended for children as it is for adults. Remind parents that children with many types of congenital heart disorders or rheumatic fever need prophylactic low-dose aspirin therapy to avoid blood clotting: also becoming a controversial practice, they may be prescribed antibiotic therapy such as oral amoxicillin before Oral Surgery
On assessment immediately following cardiac surgery, which condition would the nurse expect to find in an infant? 1. Hypertension 2. Hypothermia 3. Hyperexcitability 4. Hypovolemia
2. Cardiac surgery is often performed under hypothermia to decrease the child's oxygen needs during surgery
A nurse is assessing the skin of a 12 year old with suspected right ventricular heart failure. Which should the nurse expect to note edema in this child? 1. Presacral region 2. Lower extremities 3. Face 4. Hands
2. Edema of the lower extremities is characteristics of right ventricular heart failure in older children. In infants, peripheral edema occurs first in the face, then in the presacral region, and the extremities
A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing heart failure. Which of the following assessment data was most likely seen when initially examine? 1. splenomegaly 2. Tachycardia 3. Bradycardia 4. Polyuria
2. If a child were experiencing heart failure, the most likely sign of this would be tachycardia, not bradycardia. The child may also experience hepatomegaly or oliguria, but not splenomegaly polyuria.
The nurse is caring for a 10 year old boy following a cardiac catherization. 4 hours after the procedure, the nurse notes some minor bleeding at the site. What action would be most appropriate? 1. Contact the physician 2. Apply pressure 1 inch above the site 3. Change the dressing 4. Ensure the child's leg is kept straight
2. Is bleeding occurs after a cardiac catheterization, applied pressure 1 inch above the site to create pressure over the vessel, thereby reducing the blood flow to the area. The nurse should first apply pressure and then notify the position if this measure is ineffective or the bleeding increases. The child should maintain the leg and a straight position for about 4 to 8 hours. However, this would not address the bleeding assessed at the site. Changing the dressing would not be expected.
The mother of a child with sickle cell anemia confides in the nurse that she feels guilty about letting the child run and play with the neighborhood children and that if she had been a better mother, a Sickle Cell crisis may have been avoided. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. He's just fine now; colon don't worry 2. Tell me more about how you feel 3. But you know that children with sickle cell anemia often have crisis 4. You shouldn't be so protective of him
2. Many parents feel guilty when their child is sick. Encouraging parents to talk more about their feelings provides support and helps to develop a therapeutic relationship. Giving a stock answer, such as don't worry, shows a lack of interest and what the parent is feeling. Commenting on the course of the disease doesn't address the parents feeling. Being judgemental or offering an opinion can also block therapeutic communication by inhibiting the parent from discussing feelings and developing Solutions.
A nurse is caring for a young child with tetralogy of fallot who is upset and crying observes that he's dyspneic and cyanotic. Which position can help relieve the child's dyspnea and cyanosis? 1. Sitting in bed with the head of the bed at a 45 degree angle 2. Squatting position 3. Laying flat in bed 4. Laying on his right side
2. Placing a child in a squatting position sequesters a large amount of blood to legs, reducing venous return to the heart. Sitting in bed with the head of the bed elevated, lying flat in bed, and lying on the right side don't reduce venous return ; therefore, they won't relieve the child dyspnea and cyanosis. A child with tetralogy of fallot may also assume any chest position to reduce venous return to the heart
What would be the most appropriate measure to implement for an infant Who develops heart failure? 1. Planning ways to reduce salt intake 2. Placing her in a semi Fowler's position 3. Keeping her Supine and playing quiet games 4. Restricting milk intake daily
2. Placing an infant with heart failure in a semi Fowler's position reduces the pressure of abdominal contents against the chest and gives the heart the opportunity to function more effectively
A nurse is performing discharge teaching with the parents of an infant who was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Which symptom of heart failure should the nurse teach the parents to watch for? 1. Tachypnea 2. Tachycardia 3. Poor weight gain 4. Pulmonary edema
2. The earliest sign of heart failure in infants is tachycardia (when sleeping heart rate greater than 160 beats per minute) as a direct result of sympathetic stimulation. Tachypnea (respiratory rates greater then 60 breaths per minute in infants ) occurs in response to decreased lung compliance. Poor weight gain as a result of the increased energy demands on the heart and increased breeding heifers. Pulmonary edema occurs as the left ventricle fails and blood volume and pressure increase in the left atrium , pulmonary veins, and lumps
A one-year-old infant is diagnosed with a congenital cardiac defect after cardiac catherization. His parents have expressed concern about activities at home. Which point is most appropriate for the nurse to include when teaching these parents? 1. You'll have to establish strict discipline so that he learns what he can't do 2. Allow him to play and be active as long as he doesn't get fatigued 3. He'll only be able to play by himself 4. Discipline and limit setting need to be relaxed to reduce his stress and crying
2. The nurse instruct the parent to allow their infants to play and be active as long as he doesn't get fatigued. Parents should also promote normality within the limits of their infants condition. The nurse should also explain that the infant needs to have appropriate limits and discipline. Being too strict with the infant or overindulging him would make it hard for him to learn acceptable behavior. The nurse should instruct the parents to have the child play by himself. Infants of this age are beginning to explore their world and need to be exposed to activities with other infants and children.
An infant, age 8 months, has a tentative diagnosis of congenital heart disease periods during a physical assessment, the nurse notes that the infant has a pulse rate of 170 beats per minute and respirations of 70 breaths per minute. The nurse should place the infant in which position? 1. Lying on his back 2 lying on his abdomen 3. Sitting in an infant seat 4. Sitting in high Fowler's position
3. Because interpretation of the infants assessment findings suggest that respiratory distress is developing, the nurse should position the infant with his head elevated at a 45 degree angle to promote maximum chest expansion. An infant seat maintains this position. Placing an infant flat on his back or abdomen or in a high Fowler's position could increase respiratory distress by preventing maximum chest expansion
A five-year-old is being prepared for Diagnostic cardiac catheterization in which the catheter will be inserted in the right femoral vein. What intervention should the nurse take to prevent infection? 1. Keep the child NPO for 2 to 4 hours before the procedure 2. Apply EMLA cream to the catheter insertion site 3. Avoiding drawing a blood specimen from the right femoral vein before the procedure 4. Record pedal pulses
3. Because the vessel site children for catherization must not be infected at the time of catheterization, never draw blood specimen projected catherization entry site before the procedure. The other interventions listed are performed for reasons other than preventing infection. Children scheduled for the procedure are usually kept NPO for two to four hours beforehand to reduce the danger of vomiting and aspiration during the procedure. Be certain to record pedal pulses for a baseline assessment. The site for catheter insertion is locally and anesthetized with EMLA cream or intradermal lidocaine
When a child is scheduled for a cardiac catherization, and important Health teaching points for parents is that the: 1. Procedure is not invasive and not frightening for the children 2. Child will have to remain NPO for 6 to 8 hours after procedure to prevent vomiting 3. Child will return with a bulky pressure dressing over the catheter insertion area 4. Child will require a general anesthetic and needs to be prepared for this
3. Cardiac catherization is typically performed with the child awake but using Conscious Sedation a dressing will be placed on the catheter insertion site
When reviewing the record of a child with tetralogy of Fallot, what would the nurse expect to discover? 1. Anemia 2. Leukopenia 3. Polycythemia 4. Increased platelet levels
3. Children who cannot oxygenate red cells will often produce excess red blood cells or develop polycythemia
Coarctation of the aorta demonstrates few symptoms in newborns. What is an important assessment to make on all newborns to help reveal these conditions? 1. Auscultating for a cardiac murmur 2. Observing for excessive crying 3. Assessing for the presence of femoral pulses 4. Recording in upper extremity blood pressure
3. Infants with a narrowing (Coarctation ) the aorta have decreased pressure in the lower extremities or absence of femoral pulses
When educating the family of an ill infant with an atrioventricular canal defectseptic defect, what information would be included in the education if the doctor is planning on performing palliative care until the infant is healthier? 1. Most infants do not need surgical repair for this is palliative procedures are performed 2. Vsd patching surgery should be performed immediately 3. Palliative pulmonary artery banding should help the infant grow 4. The medication indomethacin is used to try to close the hole
3. Palliative pulmonary artery banding should help the infant grow enough so that the edge of a circular Canal defect can be repaired. The pulmonary artery banding will help, but the defect will still need to be fixed. Most infants will need surgery for a large comma symptomatic vsd. The medication indomethacin is used for a PDA
A child is diagnosed with tetralogy of fallot and during a temper tantrum turns blue. What should the nurse do first? 1. Assess for an increased respiratory rate 2. Explain to the child the need to calm down since it is affecting the heart 3. Place child in the knee to chest position 4. Assess for an irregular heart rate
3. Place child in the knee to chest position. This position is the first priority of the child with tetralogy of fallot. Cyanosis is caused by the heart defect and placing the child in this position will decrease to cyanosis
A four-year-old child is having a Sickle Cell crisis. The initial nursing intervention should be : 1. Place ice packs on the client's painful joints 2 administer antibiotics 3. Provide oral and IV fluids 4. Administer folic acid supplements
3. Priority Care for the child and a Sickle Cell crisis includes providing hydration and oxygenation to prevent more sickling. Pain relief is also concerned. However, painful joints must be treated with analgesics and warm packs because cold pack may increase sickly. Antibiotics are given to treat a Sickle Cell crisis if it's brought to be bacterial but this intervention isn't the initial priority. Daily folic acid supplements help counteract anemia and aren't used to treat Sickle Cell crisis
The nurse is assessing the past medical history of an infant with a suspected cardiovascular disorder. Which response by the mother warrants further investigation? 1. His apgar score was an 8 2. I was really nauseous throughout my whole pregnancy 3. I am on a low dose of steroids 4. I had the flu during my last trimester
3. Some medications, like corticosteroids, taken by a pregnant woman may be linked with the development of congenital heart defects. Reports of nausea during pregnancy and an apgar score of 8 would not trigger for further questions. Febrile illness during the first trimester, not the 3rd, may be linked to an increased risk of congenital heart defects
After a cardiac catheterization the nurse monitors the child's fluid balance closely based on understanding that: 1. Blood loss during the procedure can be significant 2. The prolong procedure fasting State places the child at risk for dehydration 3. The contrast material used as a diuretic effect 4. The insertion of the catheter into the heart stimulates a diuretic response
3. The contrast material has a diuretic effect so the nurse assesses the child closely for signs and symptoms of dehydration and hypovolemia period all the blood loss can occur, this is not the reason for monitoring the child's fluid balance. Catheter insertion into the heart does not initiate a diuretic response. Typically, food and fluids is withheld for 4 to 6 hours before the procedure
The nurse is taking a health history of a toddler with a suspected congenital heart defect. Which response by the mother would indicate that the child is experiencing hypercyanotic spells? 1. He does not seem to have difficulty breathing 2. He walked very quickly and never stops moving 3. He likes to stop and squat wherever he walks 4. He takes one nap a day and is fairly active
3. The walking toddler May squat periodically to relieve a hypercyanotic spell. This position serves to improve pulmonary blood flow by increasing systemic vascular resistance. Constant movement and quick walking are normal for a toddler. Activity level with a daily nap is typical of a toddler. Difficulty breathing would suggest a problem
For a toddler With A congenital, cyanotic heart defect, complete blood count reveals an elevated hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. What do these laboratory data indicate? 1. Anemia 2. Dehydration 3. Development of jaundice 4. Compensation for hypoxia
4. A congenital, cyanotic heart defect Alters the blood flow through the heart and lungs, which produces hypoxia. To compensate, the body increases the red blood cells oxygen carrying capacity by increasing red blood cell production, which causes the hemoglobin level and hematocrit to rise. The hemoglobin level and hematocrit typically are decreased and anemia. Alternate electrolyte levels and other laboratory value provide better evidence of dehydration. An elevated hemoglobin level and hematocrit are associated with jaundice
Which of the following would be included in discharge teaching by the nurse of a child that had a patch placed surgically for an ASD? 1. Intake of 80 ounces of fluid daily 2. Need for frequent rest periods at home 3 teaching about how to take daily blood pressures 4. Antibiotics should be administered before invasive procedures
4. Antibiotics should be administered to prevent the risk of endocarditis. Consuming 80 ounces of fluid daily is too large of an amount. The need for frequent rest periods and daily blood pressures should not be necessary since the defect is repaired
A parent asks why their infant with a cyanotic heart defect turns blue. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. This is a sign of heart failure 2. This is considered a medical emergency and needs immediate surgery 3. This is due to the lack of oxygen to the brain 4. This is due to a decrease the amount of oxygen to the peripheral tissue
4. Cyanosis associated with certain congenital heart defects is due to the body naturally compensating and decreasing the amount of oxygen to the peripheral tissue. This keeps the office Jim with the vital organs to sustain life. The lack of oxygen is not in the brain ; it is in the systemic flow of the body. Cyanosis is a common finding with these types of heart defects and in general, does not usually need immediate surgery or is a sign of heart failure
When teaching the parents of a toddler With A congenital heart defect, the nurse should explain all Medical Treatments and should emphasize which instruction about their child? 1. Reduce the caloric intake to decrease cardiac demand 2 relax discipline and limit setting to prevent crying 3. Avoid contact with small children to reduce overstimulation 4. Try to maintain the usual lifestyle to promote normal development
4. Parents of a child with a heart defect should treat the child normally and allow itself limited activity. Reducing the child's caloric intake doesn't necessarily reduced cardiac to man. Altering disciplinary patterns and deliberately preventing crying or interactions with other children can Foster maladaptive behaviors. Contact with peers promote normal growth and development therefore should be encouraged.
A nurse is caring for a child with tetralogy of fallot. The child's mother becomes concerned when she visits her son and notices him sucking his thumb, and behavior that he had previously given up. What does this Behavior indicate? 1. The child is depressed 2. The child is in pain 3. The child wants attention 4. The child is responding to stress
4. Regression (reverting back to previously outgrown behaviors ) is a common response to stressful situations. The nurse should assure the parents that thumb sucking and other aggressive behaviors should disappear when the stressful situation is resolved thumb sucking isn't a sign of depression or pain, nor is an attention-seeking Behavior.
When caring for a child with a congenital heart defect, which assessment finding maybe a sign the child is experiencing heart failure? 1. Bradycardia 2. Inability to sweat 3. Splenomegaly 4. Tachycardia
4. Tachycardia is one of the signs of heart failure. Bradycardia, inability to sweat, and spenomegaly are not necessarily signs of heart failure
A nurse admits an infant with a possible diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Which signs or symptoms with the infant most likely be exhibiting? 1. Rapid weight gain 2. Bradycardia 3. Yellowish color 4. Feeding problems
4. The indications of CHF very and children of different ages signs in the infant may be hard to detect because they are subtle, but an infant's, feeding problems are often seen. In infants and older children, tachycardia is one of the first signs of CHF. The heart beats faster and an attempt to increase blood flow. Failure to gain weight, weakness, and an enlarged liver and heart are one other possible indicators of CHF but are not as common as tachycardia and may take longer to develop
The nurse is caring for a child with congestive heart failure and is administering the drug digoxin. At the beginning of the drug therapy the process of digitalization is done for which reason? 1. To establish a maintenance dose of the drug 2. To increase the heart rate 3. To decrease the pain to a tolerable level 4. to build the blood vessels to a therapeutic level
4. The use of large doses of digoxin at the beginning of therapy, administered to build up blood levels of the drug to a therapeutic level , is known as digitalization. A maintenance dose is given, usually daily, after digitalization. Digoxin used to improve the cardiac efficiency by slowing the heart rate and strengthening the cardiac contractility. That digoxin is not indicated for relief of pain
A nurse is caring for a child that just had open heart surgery and the parents are asking why there are wires coming out of the chest of the infant. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. The wires are left in the heart one month after surgery for potential arrhythmias 2. The wires will administer ongoing electrical shock to the heart to maintain rhythm 3. The wires are measuring the fluid level in the heart 4. These wires are connected to the heart and will be checked if your child's heart gets out of rhythm
4. The wires may be connected to a pacemaker. Connection to the temporary pacemaker is usually until the child is out of danger of arrhythmia
A parent is told their infant has a heart defect with a left-to-right shunt. What is the best way for the nurse to explain this type of shunting to the parents? 1. This type of shunting causes a decrease of blood to the brain 2. This type of shunting causes a decrease of blood to the lungs 3. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the systemic circulation 4. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the lungs
4. This type of shunting causes an increase of blood to the lungs. And right-to-left shunt causes an increase in blood to the systemic circulation that is mixed with deoxygenated blood.
