Unit 3B Brain Structures and Functions

Psychologist Micheal Gazzaniga asked to split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients SAID they saw

ART

Which brain area is primarily involved with producing speech?

Broca's area

Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?

Cerebellum

When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing ("It's a bird!") but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call

Dual processing

Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely to use which kind of brain scan?

EEG

Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw

HE

Thinking about sex (in your brain's cerebral cortex) can stimulate a region of the lambic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands in the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

In 1861, Paul Broca studied a stroke patient he called "Tan." He was called this because as a result of a brain damage it was the only word he could pronounce. Based on Broca's early work, which of the following brain regions is involved in speech production?

Left frontal lobe

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

Medulla

The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a

PET scan

After Kato's motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum Kato is most likely to have difficulty

Playing guitar

When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?

Sympathetic

The auditory hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are most clearly linked with the activation of areas in which brain area?

Temporal lobes

Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following?

aphasia

The reticular formation is located in the

brainstem

We are usually least consciously aware of the processes and functions of which brain structure?

brainstem

The medulla is to the control of ____ as the cerebellum is to the control of _____

breathing; walking

A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.

destruction

Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from

glial cells

Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?

hippocampus

The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the

hypothalamus

The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called

laterization

If Professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become

less aggressive

To trigger a persons hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individuals

motor cortex

Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in

movement of the mouth and lips

consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her

right hand to indicate she saw a mouse

A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the

right hemisphere

French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the

right hemisphere of her brain was damaged

The parietal lobes are to ____ as the occipital lobes are to ____

sensing touch; seeing