Unit 4 american government
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
Maryland tried to put taxes on national banks and McCulloch refused to pay. It established that the constitution grants implied powers to congress, state action may not obstruct valid power of govt
Where in the constitution in the equal protection clause created
14th amendment
What is mobilization?
Activities intended to get mass #s of people to participate in political action
What is the comity clause?
Article IV, Section 2, states that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states
What is the full faith and credit clause?
Article IV, section 1, states that any act or record generated in one state must be recognized by all states
What is the supreme clause
Article IV, section 2 states that all of the laws in the us, the constitution is the most important
What court case banned the practice of separate but equal
Brown V. Board of education 1954
What are two types of lobbying?
Direct: Face to face contact, phone, email. Indirect: putting public pressure on an elected official through media or protests
What is the process of amending the us constitution
Either by 2/3rds vote from both chambers or by a constitutional called by 2/3 state legislature
What laws regulate lobbying activities?
Foreign Agents Registration Act: Anyone who represents a government must register as a representative. Honest Leadership and open government Act: strengthens public disclosure requirements concerning lobbying activities and funding limits gifts to public officials, and disclosure earmarks
What court case dealt with interstate commerce
Gibbons V. Odgen 1824
What legal protections come from the 5th Amendment?
Grand jury: decides if there is enough evidence to go on trial in felony charges. Double Jeopardy: you can't be charged for the same crime twice. Incrimination: the right to remain silent and plead the 5th. Due Process: life and liberty cannot be put in jeopardy without going through a trial
What are the 4 types of interest groups
Issue Oriented: focus on a single issue. Ideological: members shared view of ideologies. Economic: All members share economic issue. PAC: trying to get candidates elected
What case legally sanctioned internment camps
Korematsu V. United States 1944
What court case dealt with public aid to parochial schools
Lemon v. Kurtzman
What court case dealt with public integrations?
Miranda V. Arizona, miranda rights officers must inform people of their rights
What are the three classifications of powers in federalism
National powers, coincurrent powers and state powers
What court case created the practice of separate but equal
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
What is the role of the 18th amendment
Prohibited the import/export, manufacturing, distribution, and sales of alcohol
What court case dealt with abortion as a private issue
Roe V. Wade 1824
What legal protections come from the 4th Amendment?
Search and seizure: Police have the right to search you or your belongings but must have a reason. Probable cause: Police must have reasonable suspicion of a crime
What court case banned the practice of busing?
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg (1971)
What is ordinary scrutiny
The assumption that the actions of elected officials are legal under the constitutional used in ageism wealth, disability, and felony status discrimination.
What clauses creates separation of church and state
The establishment clause
what protections come from the 2nd amendment
a well regulated militia and the right to bear arms
what court case denied slaves legal standing in the us?
dred scott v standford 1856
what protections come from the first amendment
freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, and right to petition
What are the three classifications of mandates
funded, unfunded, reducing grants
What is intermediate scrutiny?
government must prove that the classification substantially advances an important government objective. Used in gender and sexual orientation discrimination.
What is the role of the 16th amendment?
income tax
What legal protections come from the 8th amendment
no excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishments
how can the freedom of assembly be restrained
on the time and the place
What protections come from the 3rd amendment
places restrictions on quartering soldiers
How can the Freedom of the Press be restrained?
prior restraint, they can be asked to not publish something
What is the role of the 21st amendment?
repealing the 18th amendment
What is de facto segregation?
segregation by custom and tradition
What is de jure segregation?
segregation by law
What is strict scrutiny
the government must demonstrate that the distinction in necessary to protect a compelling interest and that the distinction is narrowly tailored to discriminate no more than is necessary used in race or national origin/ heritage discrimination
What legal protections come from the 6th amendment
the right to a speedy trial, trial by jury (criminal) and to a legal counsel
What legal protections come from the 7th amendment
the right to a trial by jury in civil cases