Unit 4 Quiz 4

-runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie -connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean -caused massive population growth in western New York -opened regions further west to increase settlement What is being described? a) Erie Canal b) Hudson Canal c) New Jersey Turnpike d) the Cumberland Road

a) Erie Canal The Erie Canal to the economic development of New York City as a growing metropolis.

The relative absence of enterprises engaged in manufacturing and finance prior to the Civil War in the Southern states is MOST LIKELY due to a) the dependence on cotton farming in the South b) the lack of cities with high populations in the South c) the South's refusal to use technology developed in the Industrial Revolution d) the South's inability to raise financial capital to engage in manufacturing activities

a) the dependence on cotton farming in the South The invention of Whitney's cotton gin increased the South's dependency on cotton farming, and wealth flowed into the hands of the elite.

-protective tariff -creation of a National Bank -profitable home markets and strong economy -construct better roads and canals What is being described? a) War of 1812 b) American System c) Election of 1824 d) Federal Reserve System

b) American System Henry Clay developed a plan for profitable home markets called the American System in 1824. The American System created a protective tariff to American Markets and the call for a national bank. It also used the tariff to build roads and canals for better transportation.

Henry Clay's "American System" included federal subsides for projects such as the Erie Canal and National Bank in order to bind which sections of the country together? a) North and the South b) North and the Midwest c) Midwest and the South d) North and the Mississippi River Valley

b) North and the Midwest He wanted to create a more unified national economy.

How did protective tariffs benefit American manufacturers in the early-1800s? a) Southerners and Northerners were both getting equally richer b) US manufacturers could not compete with British manufacturers c) American-made goods were less expensive than similar imported goods d) Chinese-made goods were much more expensive than similar imported goods

b) US manufacturers could not compete with British manufacturers One way that the protective tariffs benefited American manufacturers was that domestic sales increased since American-made goods were less expensive than similar imported goods. However, the American-made goods were more expensive than they would have been if no tariffs were in place. The Southerners felt they had to pay more than necessary for Northern goods and that the North was getting rich at their expense.

Accounting for almost 60% of American exports by the beginning of the Civil War, which statement regarding the impact of cotton is TRUE? a) the Northern states provided the labor for the cotton plantations b) the Southern states developed the plantation system and rigid social classes c) the invention of the cotton gin reduced the South's dependency on cotton farming d) the cotton production fueled the rise of manufacturing centers in the Southern states

b) the Southern states developed the plantation system and rigid social classes The invention of Whitney's cotton gin increased the South's dependency on cotton farming, much of which was sent to Great Britain's manufacturing centers.

Which technological development led to an increased demand for slaves in the United States during the early- to mid-1800s? a) the steel plow b) the cotton gin c) the mechanical reaper d) the combine harvester

b) the cotton gin Since the gin quickly and easily separated the cotton fibers from the seeds, plantation owners were able to increase their rate of production which resulted in grater demand for slaves to work in the fields.

Which event is the BEST example of a conflict over states' rights? a) Trail of Tears b) the War of 1812 c) Nullification Crisis d) Election of Andrew Jackson

c) Nullification Crisis Southerners were impacted negatively by the protective tariffs while the North benefited economically. John C. Calhoun's nullification theory questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in sovereign states. South Carolina nullified the tariff and threatened to secede from the Union.

-protectionist tariffs -creation of a national bank -federal grants for road construction = ? Which answer BEST completes the diagram? a) results of the Civil War b) causes of the German Migration c) components of the American System d) features of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

c) components of the American System Protectionist tariffs, a national bank, and road construction were components of the American System. The American System was an economic plan introduced by Senator Henry Clay in order to help improve the young nation's economy. Clay believed that protecting Northern manufacturing business would protect the United States against the economic might of the British.

How did the Missouri Compromise (1820) deal with the issue of slavery? a) it required all territories to abolish slavery before becoming states b) it made the Mississippi River the dividing line between slave states and free states c) it prohibited slavery in most of the former Louisiana Territory except for Missouri d) it stated that all future states would be required to be slave states except for Missouri

c) it prohibited slavery in most of the former Louisiana Territory except for Missouri Specifically, it prohibited slavery above 36/30 N. This was meant to prevent slavery from being an issue as new states were added, but this would not be the case.

"I consider the tariff act as the occasion, rather than the real cause of the present unhappy state of things. The truth can no longer be disguised, that the peculiar domestic institution of the Southern States and the consequent direction which that and her soil have given to her industry, has placed them in regard to taxation and appropriations in opposite relation to the majority of the Union, against the danger of which, if there be no protective power in the reserved rights of the states they must in the end be forced to rebel, or, submit to have their paramount interests sacrificed, their domestic institutions subordinated by Colonization and other schemes, and themselves and children reduced to wretchedness." -John C. Calhoun, 1830 Calhoun's opinions regarding the Tariff of 1828 reflect the political philosophy behind the _____ movement. a) abolitionist b) anti-federalist c) nullification d) unionist

c) nullification Calhoun's opinions regarding the Tariff of 1828 reflect the political philosophy behind the nullification movement of the Antebellum period. Because the tariff was especially harmful to the southern economy, Calhoun urged southern states to "nullify" or ignore the federal law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional.

Which BEST describes the ways the United States' tariff policies between 1816 and 1860 contributed to the South's secession and the Civil War? a) the United States' tariff policies caused Northern states to become jealous of Southern states' manufacturing power b) the United States' tariff policies created a positive relationship between the American South and Britain c) the United States' tariff policies favored Northern manufacturers and harmed Southern farmers d) the United States' tariff policies made slavery illegal in the Southern states in the Union

c) the United States' tariff policies favored Northern manufacturers and harmed Southern farmers South Carolina seceded from the Union following the Nullification Crisis, which occurred because Southerners believed tariff policies benefited Northern manufacturers. Because the United States' tariff policies favored Northern manufacturers and harmed Southern farmers, they directly contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War.

What did the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and "Bleeding Kansas" have in common? a) they were all vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln b) they helped Abraham Lincoln win the Election of 1860 c) they all death with the expansion of slavery into the western territories d) they were permanent solutions to the conflict between the North and South

c) they all death with the expansion of slavery into the western territories Each of them involved the balance of "free" and "slave" states in the Union.

In the early-19th century, South Carolina protested what it believed to be a violation of its rights by a) declaring war on the United States b) plotting to impeach Andrew Jackson c) threatening to secede from the Union d) legalizing slavery throughout the state

c) threatening to secede from the Union In 1832, many South Carolina leaders were upset by a national tariff act which they felt would hurt Southern states. South Carolina responded by threatening to secede from the Union. Although this threat was put down peacefully, South Carolina would secede just a few decades later.

Who was the most vocal opponent of the Tariff of 1828 and advocated "States' Rights" and "Nullification" in the growing sectional conflicts between North and South? a) Henry Clay of Kentucky b) Andrew Jackson of Tennessee c) Daniel Webster of Massachusetts d) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

d) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina In 1832, Calhoun resigned as Vice President in order to become South Carolina's representative in the Senate, a position from which he could argue and advocate for slavery, "states' rights," and "nullification."

Which segment of the American population would have been MOST supportive of the Tariff of 1828? a) the Freedmen, who were hurt by high rates of unemployment due to the tariff b) Southerners who were forced to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce c) Western settlers who saw the threat that the tariff posed to their efforts at industrialization d) Northerners who would experience increased industrial growth because of a decrease in British imports

d) Northerners who would experience increased industrial growth because of a decrease in British imports Because of the Tariff of 1828, the British reduced their imports of cotton from the United States, which hurt the South. The tariff forced the South to buy manufactured goods from US manufacturers, mainly in the North, at a higher price, while southern states also faced a reduced income from sales of raw materials.

After 1812 and before the Civil War, Southern planters opposed high tariffs on imported goods. Which BEST describes why Southerners fought these tariffs? a) Southern industry dominated the international markets b) high tariffs cause Southern manufacturing to decrease c) Southern states wanted to purchase goods from the North d) Southerners waned to buy less expensive goods from England

d) Southerners waned to buy less expensive goods from England The British sold manufactured items at a cheaper price than the North did. However, when Congress added tariffs to the prices of the imported items, the English goods became more expensive.

What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise? a) it was an attempt to annex new territories from Mexico b) it was an attempt to abolish slavery in the United States c) it was passed to force South Carolina to secede from the Union d) it was an attempt to balance political power between "free" and "slave" states

d) it was an attempt to balance political power between "free" and "slave" states Passed in 1820, the Compromise admitted Missouri to the Union as a "slave" state and Maine as a "free" state, preventing one side from gaining a political advantage over the other in the conflict surrounding slavery and states' rights.