Unit 5

In the nineteenth century, Latin American urban dwellers were most similar to western Europe urban dwellers in which of the following areas? A Literary and cultural tastes B Ethnic and racial composition C Export and import patterns D Standards of living E Levels of literacy

A

The first successful revolution in the Caribbean and South America was launched in A Haiti B Argentina C Cuba D Columbia E Jamaica

A

Which of the following best explains why spices, such as cloves, became a LESS important component of colonial trade during the nineteenth century? A Industrialization increased the demand for manufactured goods relative to the demand for spices. B European states developed military and medical technologies that enabled them to establish direct colonial control over most interior regions of Africa. C Some European states encouraged the migration of large numbers of their citizens overseas, leading to the establishment of settler colonies. D The emergence of anticolonial movements that used civil disobedience to achieve their goals made many traditional colonial products virtually impossible to produce on a large scale.

A

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world? A Increased availability of Asian indentured labor B The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies C The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce D A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa

B

Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch? A Trade unionism B The Enlightenment C Social Darwinism D Marxism

B

By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes? A The political independence of colonies in both North and South America B The emancipation of slaves everywhere in the Atlantic world C Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States D The creation of a politically unified South America

A

In nineteenth-century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as that of A the mother of citizens B the manager of property C a political participant D a productive worker E a consumer

A

In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world? A Liberalism B Absolutism C Fascism D Communism

A

Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common? A Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative. B Both governments aimed to maintain women's inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress. C Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs. D The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties.

A

Members of which of the following groups led opposition to industrialization in both Qing China and the Ottoman Empire? A Government Officials B Landless peasants C Merchants D Clerics

A

Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was A the Industrial Revolution B European medical technology C Spanish control of New World silver D Portuguese naval and firearms technology E the Enlightenment

A

One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both A challenged monarchical governments B resulted in the abolition of slavery C resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society D enabled women to achieve political equality with men

A

The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following? A Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas B Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands C Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control D Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states

A

Which of the following best supports the argument that the last three decades of the nineteenth century were a turning point in world history? A Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses B Transition from use of coal and steam to nuclear power C Worldwide transition from polytheism to monotheism D Significant increases in agricultural productivity due to Green Revolution technology

A

Which of the following societies successfully resisted foreign penetration and domination from 1650-1850? A The Japanese B The Indians C The South Africans D The Latin Americans E The Chinese

A

All of the following resulted from the French and Russian Revolutions EXCEPT A a loss of power for the established church B a socialist economic system C the execution of the monarch and family D the rise of a strong autocratic leader

B

Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in A Great Britain and Brazil B the United States and Russia C France and Algeria D Austria-Hungary and India E China and the Ottoman Empire

B

The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in A the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor B a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor C the Tokugawa shogunate's adoption of a unified civil code D the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic

B

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the followings factors? A The amount and location of British petroleum reserves B The location and large number of British coal deposits C The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III D The spread of cotton cultivation in southern england

B

The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrates the impact of A the Atlantic revolutions B the Industrial revolution C The abolition of slavery D improvements in urban policing public safety

B

Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives? A By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees. B Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities. C By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries. D Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs.

B

Which of the following factors contributes most to the increase of world population in the period 1750-1900 C.E.? A A decline in the frequency and deadliness of warfare B Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution C improvements in rural health care D A rapid increase in birth rates throughout the globe

B

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900? A Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required. B Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories. C Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land. D Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

B

Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A The migration of male indentured laborers to the Americas B The increased number of women in the workforce C The rapid rise in the number of children working in large factories D The large number of women elected to political office

B

Which of the following was the key factor in the start of Latin American independence? A Slave uprisings B Creole grievances about their lack of political authority C The end of the Napoleonic Wars D Enlightenment ideas about religious tolerance

B

A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful? A Records of labor and trade union meetings B A tally of political speeches in favor of versus those opposed to colonial expansion C Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas D Data on prices of luxury goods

C

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans? A Draft animals B Wind power C Fossil fuels D Nuclear power

C

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution? A The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not. B The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king. C The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution. D The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.

C

Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions? A The United States during the American Revolution B South America during the wars for independence from Spain C Japan during the Meiji Restoration D China during the Communist Revolution

C

The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for A physical elimination of the ruling class B confiscation of church property C protection of private property D preservation of the monarchy E establishment of a parliamentary system

C

The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following? A Britain had large reserves of petroleum B British scientists were the first to discover electricity. C Britain had large reserves of coal D British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel

C

The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following? A The increase in millenarian movements in the nineteenth century B The Chinese government's embrace of procolonial policies C The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening D The increase popularity of Communist thought in China

C

Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century? A Japan's manipulaiton of the rivalries among western governments B The introduction of democracy by the Meiji Restoration C The willingness of Japan's elite to sponsor reform D Lack of interest in Japanese markets E Abundant natural resources

C

Which of the following distinguishes the Meiji period from earlier periods in Japanese history? A Militarism and feudalism B Isolation and lack of foreign trade C Reform and industrialization D Democratization and manorial privilege

C

Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India's share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? A Climate change that significantly altered the growing season B Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions C Competition from industrially produced British textiles D Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production

C

All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT A geographic distribution of coal and iron B legal protection of private property C improved agricultural productivity D increased rights for laborers

D

During the eighteenth century, which of the following reigned, but did not rule? A The Ottoman sultan B The king of France C The Chinese emperor D The Japanese emperor E The Russian tsar

D

In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following? A Textiles, iron, and coal B Textiles, automobiles, and plastics C Airplanes, ships, and radios D Electricity, steel, and chemicals

D

Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? A The growth of industrial production in North America B The growth of South American agricultural exports C The abolition of slavery in the Americas D The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing

D

Rebellious ethnic minorities in the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires during the late nineteenth century were motivated primarily by A communism B anarchism C syndicalism D nationalism E nihilism

D

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? A the higher degree of educational achievement among workers B A decline in the diversity of consumer goods C Large increases in the prices of most consumer goods D The greater degree of labor specialization

D

Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table? A North America had roughly twice the share of world trade as Latin America had because it possessed almost twice as many steamships. B Africa and Oceania's share of world trade was nearly equivalent to Latin America's share of world trade because all three regions had roughly the same number of steamships. C The fact that North America had only the third largest share of world trade by region roughly corresponds to its share of the total number of sailing vessels by region. D Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.

D

Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history? A The beginning of European colonization of Africa B The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia C The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand D The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England

D

Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? A Adoption of gunpowder weaponry B The Opium Wars C The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 D Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

D

Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s? A A decline in the social status of women B An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy C The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth D The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas

D

Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government? A Pressure from an increasingly powerful China B Large-scale radical peasant rebellion C Economic instability and hyperinflation D Pressure from Western powers

D

The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan? A An improvement in the economic condition of the peasants B The collapse of the industrial sector of the economy C An increase in isolationism among government leaders D A reduction in military expenditures E The promotion of rapid industrialization

E

Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by 1914 ? A Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic homogeneity. B Both had effective democratic institutions that restrained the power of their monarchs. C Both had low rates of literacy. D Marxism had become a strong influence among urban workers in both countries. E Rapid, state-sponsored industrialized had occurred in both countries.

E