Unit 5 AP World History
Simón Bolívar succinctly summed up the developing political situation in Latin America when he said
"I fear peace more than war."
What are the provisions of the Meiji constitution?
-Japan became a constitutional monarchy. -The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the Diet. -Individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state.
What is true about the capitulations?
-They allowed for the establishment of tax-exempt banks and commercial enterprises. -They were imposed on the Ottomans by the Europeans. -They permitted foreign governments to levy duties on goods. -They exempted European visitors from Ottoman laws.
The chief victim of late nineteenth-century European imperialistic expansion was
Africa.
The National Policy, which was designed to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems was a policy in
Canada.
Who said, "We are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race"?
Cecil Rhodes
The Indians who relocated from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears were the
Cherokee.
Scottish minister who explored central and southern Africa
David Livingstone
In 1876, Korea was forced to accept an unequal trading treaty by
Japan.
The Declaration of Independence's contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from "the consent of the governed" was influenced by
John Locke.
The U.S. Civil War changed character on 1 January 1863, after
Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
Which of the following is not a reform proposed in the Tanzimat era?
a democracy as the governmental model for the empire
The Young Ottomans were
a later, more tolerant political reincarnation of the Young Turks.
Slavery was reinvigorated in the United States after the rise of what cash crop?
cotton
In the new Latin American countries,
creole elites dominated and blocked mass participation in politics.
The Berlin Conference
devised the ground rules for the European colonization of Africa.
Most of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa
did not industrialize and depended on exporting primary products.
Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
exported primary goods but also underwent economic development and industrialization.
Revolutionaries of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century
focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.
The War of 1812
stimulated a new sense of Canadian unity against an external threat.
The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of
the daimyo and samurai classes.
The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was
the destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in battle with the Japanese.
The Taiping rebellion was defeated when
the dowager empress imprisoned the emperor and ended the Hundred Days reforms.
The victory of the northern states in the U.S. Civil War meant that
the federal government would have greater authority in the American republic.
Beginning in the nineteenth century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition when
the fertility rate began a marked decline.
Benito Juárez was
the leader of La Reforma in Mexico in the 1850s.
Crucial to industrialization was
the replacement of human and animal power with inanimate sources of energy such as steam.
In China, a "sphere of influence" was a
tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection.
After the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870,
twenty-two blacks were elected to Congress by 1901.
After the American Civil War, the southern states
underwent Reconstruction.
Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
universal suffrage
The German leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by
"blood and iron."
The guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase
"liberty, equality, fraternity."
The main slogan for the colonies in the years leading up to the American Revolution was
"no taxation without representation."
What are the reasons for the victory of the northern states in the U.S. Civil War?
-Around 90 percent of the country's industrial capacity was in the north. -Two-thirds of the railroad lines were in the north. -Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
What are the foundations of the Meiji Restoration?
-abolishing the old feudal order -improving the Japanese educational system -revamping the tax system -reorganizing the Japanese army and navy
What are economic advantages enjoyed by Britain in the 18th century?
-abundant & accessible coal deposits. -abundant skilled & unskilled labor. -access to water transportation. -sources of capital for investment.
What is part of Witte's policy of industrialization?
-construction of the trans-Siberian railroad -banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment -protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries
Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights
-equality before the law for all subjects. -public trials in civil courts. -the right to privacy.
What are the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?
-freedom from British control -a written constitution that guaranteed personal freedoms -a responsible government based on popular sovereignty
Which of the following reasons account for the large number of languages that have become extinct during the period from 1500 to 2000?
-increased contact among formerly isolated groups -increased human migrations into already populated areas of the earth
What are the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?
-popular sovereignty -social contract -political equality
What are John Locke's main ideas?
-that governments were a result of a social contract between rulers and ruled -that subjects had the right to remove their ruler -that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed
The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because
-the Janissary corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. -the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. -many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies.
What are the principles of the Taiping Rebellion?
-the creation of communal wealth to be shared according to need -the prohibition of footbinding and concubinage -abolition of private property -free public education
What are the chief factors for the outbreak of the American Civil War?
-the election of Abraham Lincoln -the issue of slavery -the imperatives of a budding industrial-capitalist system against those of an export-oriented plantation economy
Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905?
-the lack of a representative legislative body -the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War -the Bloody Sunday massacre
The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861
-was achieved at the tsar's insistence. -was intended to avert a revolution. -brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants.
Most property qualifications for voting in the United States had disappeared by the late
1820s.
By the 1860s, Britain's leading supplier of beef was
Argentina.
The Suez Canal was essential for
British control over India.
English imperialist whose African colony incorporated modern Zambia and Zimbabwe
Cecil Rhodes
Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
Filipino rebel leader
Emilio Aguinaldo
In 1803, the United States doubled in size after the Louisiana territory was purchased from
France.
The early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part on investment capital from which of the following nations?
Great Britain
By the late nineteenth century, the world's leading producer of cotton was
India.
In the nineteenth century, the majority of indentured laborers came from
India.
The most important Indian reform group, founded in 1885, was the
Indian National Congress.
What are the leading principles of the Young Turks?
Islam as the guiding principle in public life
What nineteenth-century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of the rights of freedom and equality to women?
John Stuart Mill
Which future state did not pass from Mexico to the United States as part of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Louisiana.
The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women was
Mary Wollstonecraft.
The most radical period of the French Revolution was reached during the leadership of
Maximilien Robespierre
The Opium War ended after the British threat to the Grand Canal with the signing of the Treaty of
Nanjing.
On 17 June 1789, members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves to be the
National Assembly.
The turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of
Russia
The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because
Russian troops mutinied and demanded a new constitution.
The event that best displayed Japan's rise to the level of a world power was their victory in the
Russo-Japanese War
Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the
Russo-Japanese War.
The only successful slave revolt led by Louverture in history took place in
Saint-Domingue.
Event that marked a turning point in British rule over India
Sepoy uprising
Key to British control over India
Suez Canal
The main spark for the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1845 was the United States acceptance of the new state of
Texas.
The "Machiavelli of the pampas" was
The "Machiavelli of the pampas" was
Which of the following Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
Turkish as the official language of the empire
The term manifest destiny is associated with what country?
United States
By 1900, the world's four biggest steel producers were
United States, Germany, Britain, and Russia.
The last major Indian resistance was defeated in 1890 at the Battle of
Wounded Knee.
New South Wales in Australia started as
a settlement for convicts.
Napoleon's Civil Code
affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.
The creoles of Latin America were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment
but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions.
Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were joined together as the Dominion of Canada
by the British North America Act of 1867.
The leaders of the French Revolution
called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the only thing keeping China from being completely divided up into spheres of influence by foreigners was
distrust among the foreign powers.
The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and
encouraged the consolidation of national states.
The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that
held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes.
While women in France and Latin America did not win the right to vote until after the Second World War, American and British women gained the franchise
in the 1920s.
The 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre eventually
led to the establishment of the Duma in Russia.
Industrialization
often tore working class families apart.
The social Darwinists believed that
powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies.
On a global scale, industrialization
promoted a new international division of labor.
In regard to imperialism, the Japanese and Americans
proved to be just as racist as the Europeans.
William Wilberforce
pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade.
After the conclusion of the American Civil War, freed blacks
quickly lost their political and civil liberties in the South.
Over the long haul, trade unions
reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.
Caudillos were
regional military leaders who provided order in Latin America.
The key to social reform in Russia was emancipation of the Russian serfs
resulted in little if any increase in agricultural production.
Muhammad Ali was
the Egyptian leader who overthrew Ottoman control.
In response to the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political agenda.
The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because
the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.
Rudyard Kipling's poem, The White Man's Burden, was actually meant to inspire the Americans to colonize
the Philippines.
The term Great Game refers to
the Russian push into central Asia.
In 1900, foreign embassies in China were besieged by
the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
The United States occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after its victory in
the Spanish-American War.
Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were
the capitalists and the proletariat.
After the end of the Seven Years' War,
the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.
In terms of the industrial development of the United States in the late nineteenth century, the most important economic development was
the construction of railroad lines that linked all U.S. regions.
The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because
they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one.
The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because
they were unaware of the social and health risks of opium addiction.
The "Roosevelt Corollary" strengthened U.S. military and economic claims in which area of the world?
those territories lying in the western hemisphere to the south of the United States
Through out most of the nineteenth century, employers and governments
viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract, argued that in every country the sovereign voice of government
was the members of society acting collectively.
The goal of Simón Bolívar was to
weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.
At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because they
were all dealing with the challenges of rapid industrialization.
In Japan, industrialization took place
with the active support of imperial authorities.
The Monroe Doctrine
worked as a justification for U.S. intervention in western hemispheric affairs.