UNIT 5 COMPARATIVE

Which of the following policies does NOT promote globalization? Accepting foreign direct investment in domestic firms Becoming a member of supranational organizations Liberalizing trade policies Signing treaties that call for reduced tariffs Adopting import-substitution industrialization policies

Adopting import-substitution industrialization policies

Which of the following is a reason why a country might implement import substitution industrialization (ISI) policies? The country is attempting to attract more private capital and foreign direct investment. The country is attempting to lower tariffs and improve its economy. The country is attempting to reduce foreign influence on its economy. The country is attempting to create more state-owned companies.

The country is attempting to reduce foreign influence on its economy.

The widespread degradation of the urban environment in developing countries can best be explained by the higher priority placed on industrialization relative to environmental protection popular skepticism about "green" issues the lack of foreign advice on how to install pollution-control devices the opposition of agricultural workers to industrialization massive use of private automobiles due to lack of public transportation

the higher priority placed on industrialization relative to environmental protection

Austerity measures are usually adopted by countries that are seeking to control rapid growth of the economy reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels lower budget deficits and publicly held debt expand social welfare policies that address poverty

lower budget deficits and publicly held debt

The welfare service commitments of advanced industrial democracies are most seriously threatened by an increase in outmigration the increasing power of trade unions the rise of separatist movements the aging of their populations the public demand for free education

the aging of their populations

Which of the following accurately describes two main components of structural adjustment programs? A reduction in government spending and the lowering of import tariffs An increase in taxes on corporations and redistribution of income An increase in employment and the minimum wage through spending on public works Nationalization of major industries and a decrease in interest rates A reduction of foreign investment and the institution of a flat tax

A reduction in government spending and the lowering of import tariffs

Which of the following development statistics is most likely indicative of an advanced economy today? A female literacy rate of 55% An agricultural sector accounting for 2% of GDP A service sector accounting for 5% of GDP A high infant mortality rate An average life expectancy of 60 years for men

An agricultural sector accounting for 2% of GDP

Which of the following has decreased as a consequence of globalization? The interdependence of states Avenues of access to information The average citizen's ability to access information from around the world Barriers to trade and to the flow of capital and labor between countries The influence of multinational corporations on domestic policy

Barriers to trade and to the flow of capital and labor between countries

The major motivation for neoliberal economic reforms in Mexico and Nigeria has come from which of the following? Political uprising by the urban poor Collapse of longstanding labor unions Widespread opposition to globalization Debt burdens and pressures from international lenders The need to expand the economic base for military modernization

Debt burdens and pressures from international lenders

Which of the following accurately explains a consequence of economic liberalization policies in China? Economic liberalization in China created job growth on the east coast, causing migration from the west to the east. Economic liberalization in China created job growth in urban areas, driving migration from the east to the west. Economic liberalization in China created job growth in rural areas, driving migration from the cities to the countryside. Economic liberalization in China created job growth in the north, driving migration from the south to the north.

Economic liberalization in China created job growth on the east coast, causing migration from the west to the east.

Which of the following best explains a demographic consequence of economic policies in Mexico? Economic liberalization policies influenced job creation in northern Mexico, prompting migration from the south to the north. Economic liberalization policies failed in northern Mexico, prompting migration to southern Mexico. Economic liberalization policies influenced job creation in rural areas of Mexico, prompting the growth of major cities throughout the country. Economic liberalization policies were successful in southern Mexico, prompting population growth there.

Economic liberalization policies influenced job creation in northern Mexico, prompting migration from the south to the north.

Which of the following best describes a consequence of globalization? Multinational corporations reinforce the sovereignty of governments by bringing them more wealth and power. Globalization usually results in regime instability caused by international pressures for democratization. Globalization often leads to increased social tensions, as it tends to challenge traditional power structures and culture. Importing cheaper goods from advanced industrial economies leads to a reduction in economic inequality

Globalization often leads to increased social tensions, as it tends to challenge traditional power structures and culture.

In a rentier system, public policy is less responsive to citizens because of which of the following factors? Most citizens rent rather than own property. Government revenues are derived from foreign purchases of a particular resource. Governments are necessarily corrupt in such systems. There is no consensus for policy because the polity is fractured by numerous cleavages. Such systems have temporary governments, which do not have time to develop policy.

Government revenues are derived from foreign purchases of a particular resource.

Which of the following explains why Iran and Mexico changed voting rules for women? In a move to stop political unrest, the Iranian and Mexican governments banned women from voting in national elections. In both Iran and Mexico, the governments changed the rules to allow women to vote because of international pressure. In response to domestic political pressure, Iran implemented gender equity policies for voting and Mexico introduced gender quotas. Because of religious beliefs in Iran and Mexico, women are now allowed to vote but cannot campaign or run for office.

In response to domestic political pressure, Iran implemented gender equity policies for voting and Mexico introduced gender quotas.

Which of the following is an effect of globalization? It usually reduces access to communication and information. It often limits state sovereignty. It typically reduces the role of international organizations. It diminishes the volume of foreign direct investment.

It often limits state sovereignty.

Which of the following best explains why countries rich in oil are susceptible to economic crises? Undervaluation of their currencies makes it hard for them to import materials needed for investment. Inequality between rich and poor makes them susceptible to social conflict. Lack of economic diversification makes them vulnerable to debt when oil prices fall. High taxation of their citizens makes them susceptible to budgetary shortfalls when oil prices fall.

Lack of economic diversification makes them vulnerable to debt when oil prices fall.

Which statement below best explains why, despite tremendous oil reserves, the Nigerian government still has difficulty providing social services throughout the country? Nigeria lacks a bureaucracy. There are not enough trained teachers and medical professionals in the country. Domestic instability has diverted oil revenue from the social sector to the defense sector. Revenues earned from oil reserves have remained in the oil-producing Niger Delta region. Massive corruption limits the amount of resources redistributed by the government to the people.

Massive corruption limits the amount of resources redistributed by the government to the people.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how Mexico and Russia have responded to market forces regarding ownership of their oil and natural gas industry? Mexico and Russia have privatized their oil and natural gas industry. Mexico has privatized some of its oil and natural gas industry, while Russia has renationalized its oil and natural gas industry. Mexico and Russia have recently nationalized their oil and natural gas industry. Mexico has renationalized its oil and natural gas industry, while Russia has privatized its oil and natural gas industry.

Mexico has privatized some of its oil and natural gas industry, while Russia has renationalized its oil and natural gas industry.

Which of the following describes the activities of multinational corporations operating in the oil industry in Nigeria? Multinational corporations have promoted the nationalization of Nigerian oil. Money paid by multinational corporations to the Nigerian government has led to the elimination of corruption. Most multinational corporations are in northern Nigeria, so payments are not distributed equally across the country. Multinational corporations have facilitated corruption in Nigeria and the government's dependency on money from oil.

Multinational corporations have facilitated corruption in Nigeria and the government's dependency on money from oil.

In which two countries were the following economic policies pursued to increase the power of the ruling party ? Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in China and nationalized oil in Mexico Private control of resources in the United Kingdom and privatization in Russia Nationalization of oil and gas in Russia and state ownership of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in Nigeria Increased trade in Iran and Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Russia

Nationalization of oil and gas in Russia and state ownership of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in Nigeria

Which of the following actions would a government take as part of an economic liberalization program? Increasing tariffs Redistributing wealth Strengthening regulations on the private sector Privatizing government-owned corporations

Privatizing government-owned corporations

China's rapid industrialization over the past 30 years has done which of the following? Narrowed the gap between the rich and the poor Decreased the authority of the Standing Committee of the Politburo Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas Produced greater environmental degradation and pollution Increased the types of social welfare benefits citizens receive

Produced greater environmental degradation and pollution

Which of the following is a neoliberal economic policy? Nationalizing important sectors of the economy Increasing regulatory oversight and state control over industry Reducing trade barriers and rolling back state intervention in the economy Providing a direct transfer of money to older people and people of lower socioeconomic status

Reducing trade barriers and rolling back state intervention in the economy

Which of the following describes the Chinese government's policy regarding the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) ? The Chinese government remained hands-off and had no control over the establishment of the SEZs. The Chinese government curtailed human rights abuses to promote the development of SEZs. The Chinese government stopped the development of SEZs to focus on a centrally planned economy. The Chinese government encouraged market-oriented economic reforms and promoted SEZs.

The Chinese government encouraged market-oriented economic reforms and promoted SEZs.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of population growth in two AP Comparative Government and Politics countries? Russia's government offers incentives to promote families having fewer children to alleviate problems from its rapid population growth, and Mexico continues to enforce a one-child policy to reduce population growth as a way to ensure national economic growth. The cost of maintaining the United Kingdom's nationalized health program increases as its older population grows proportionally larger, and China has reduced governmental restrictions on family planning in an effort to address unequal gender ratios. Iran has had mixed policies toward population control and growth as a result of the impact of war, and the United Kingdom continues to prohibit immigration because of problems of economic growth. Nigeria's government has instituted a limit of two children per family to alleviate budgetary pressures from social service spending, and Mexico provides subsidies for rural residents to move to its capital city because of the capital's low population density.

The cost of maintaining the United Kingdom's nationalized health program increases as its older population grows proportionally larger, and China has reduced governmental restrictions on family planning in an effort to address unequal gender ratios.

The resource curse is the theory that population growth will eventually outstrip the resources necessary to support civilization economies that have valuable natural resources will develop more slowly countries without oil cannot develop economically economies with fossil fuels usually have divided government countries with valuable natural resources will be invaded more frequently

economies that have valuable natural resources will develop more slowly

An important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the elimination of private enterprise legalization of meaningful competition among political parties encouragement of greater foreign investment in the national economy banning of military participation in official policy-making renewal of isolationist foreign policy

encouragement of greater foreign investment in the national economy

The most common strategy adopted by developing countries to deal with the problem of population growth is: establishing policies that seek to reduce fertility rates closing their borders encouraging students studying abroad not to return home reducing the size of their urban areas redistributing economic resources to produce equality

establishing policies that seek to reduce fertility rates

One of the key socioeconomic changes as countries develop economically is an increasingly rigid social structure increasing rural-to-urban migrations declining literacy rates decreasing gender equality decreasing life expectancy

increasing rural-to-urban migrations

Austerity measures are implemented for the primary purpose of addressing corruption by reducing transparency reducing government spending to address budget deficits improving economic conditions by increasing tariffs increasing security in times of political instability

reducing government spending to address budget deficits

The European Union (EU) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are examples of supranational organizations nongovernmental organizations multinational corporations quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations special economic zones

supranational organizations