Unit 5: Nutrition Essentials 3rd Edition

Adam's usual caloric intake is 2400 kcal per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's daily energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal per day. a) 240 b) 230 c) 200 d) 220

a) 240

Which of the following statements is true about people with type 1 diabetes? a) People who have the disorder need to lose weight and exercise more often. b) People who have the disorder need to obtain insulin because their beta cells don't produce the hormone. c) People with the disorder should avoid eating foods that contain digestible carbohydrates. d) People with the disorder should be careful to avoid infecting other people.

b) People who have the disorder need to obtain insulin because their beta cells don't produce the hormone.

Dave has phenylketonuria. He'd like to sweeten his coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for him to use? a) Xylitol b) Sucralose c) Aspartame d) Sucrose

b) Sucralose

Which of the following statements is true? a) People who drink sugar-sweetened soft drinks may gain body fat. b) Sugars and other digestible carbohydrates comprise over 80% of the average American's total energy intake. c) Children who eat large amounts of sugary foods have a higher than average risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. d) A gram of sugar provides about twice the calories as a gram of starch.

b) Sugars and other digestible carbohydrates comprise over 80% of the average American's total energy intake.

Which of the following substances is a sweetener that provides less than 4 kcal per gram and doesn't promote dental decay? a) Lactose b) Xylitol c) Sucrose d) Maltose

b) Xylitol

Beau has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Beau tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 98 mg/dl. Based on this information, Beau should _______. a) give himself an extra injection of insulin b) do nothing, because his blood glucose level is normal c) consume candy or fruit juice to increase his blood glucose level d) don't eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for his blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally

b) do nothing, because his blood glucose level is normal

The form of carbohydrate that's stored in the body is _______. a) cellulose b) glycogen c) lignin d) xylitol

b) glycogen

Sean's 4-year-old son isn't feeling well. He lacks much interest in playing, he's lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Sean should _______. a) decrease his son's intake of phenylalanine b) have his son tested for type 1 diabetes c) have his son tested for lactose intolerance d) decrease his son's intake of dietary fiber

b) have his son tested for type 1 diabetes

Fritz is constipated; he generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve his constipation without taking medications, Fritz should _______. a) reduce his intake of whole-grain breads and cereals b) increase his intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber c) increase his intake of refined carbohydrates d) reduce his intake of fruits and vegetables

b) increase his intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Shanea likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, sucrose, water, high-fructose corn syrup, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are _______. rev: 08_24_2017_QC_CS-96432 a) 2% milk, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring b) sugar, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup c) high-fructose corn syrup, sugar, and saccharin d) high-fructose corn syrup and water

b) sugar, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup

_____ increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes. a) Having northern European ancestry b) Having a lower than average body weight c) Having too much body fat d) Having a height that's higher than average

c) Having too much body fat

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber? a) Refined white rice b) Beef steak c) Sweet potato d) Grilled salmon

c) Sweet potato

Five-year-old Kenya consumes a lot of sugary snacks. Based on this information, Kenya has a high risk of _______. a) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b) type 1 diabetes c) tooth decay d) metabolic syndrome

c) tooth decay

Which of the following statements is true? a) The human intestinal tract releases enzymes that breakdown dietary fiber into glucose molecules. b) The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue. c) Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber. d) A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.

d) A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.

Charlotte has a rare medical condition that prevents her body from storing glycogen. Every four hours, day and night, she has to consume a beverage that's slowly digested into glucose molecules, which are absorbed by her intestinal tract. Which of the following substances should she mix with water to form her life-saving beverage? a) Dietary fiber (cellulose) b) Stevia extracts c) Sucralose d) Corn starch

d) Corn starch

_____ helps maintain your blood glucose level within normal limits, while you're asleep and when you haven't eaten for awhile. a) Amylase b) Insulin c) Neotame d) Glucagon

d) Glucagon

Axel is concerned that his 8-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? a) Gaining an unexpected amount of weight b) Having a fasting blood sugar level of 80 mg/dl c) Having a fasting blood glucose level of 95 mg/dl d) Losing weight despite increased appetite

d) Losing weight despite increased appetite

Bennet thinks he has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this chronic disease? a) Fewer than normal red blood cells b) Lack of thirst c) Craving for salty foods d) More than usual need to urinate

d) More than usual need to urinate

Which of the following statements is true? a) Scientists classify a form of fiber according to whether it dissolves or swells in oil. b) Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. c) The human digestive tract makes enzymes that digest fiber into glucose molecules. d) Most Americans don't consume enough dietary fiber.

d) Most Americans don't consume enough dietary fiber.

Jose's usual intake of sugars and starches is about 330 g/day, which is 200 more grams per day than the RDA for carbohydrates. What happens to the extra digestible carbohydrates that he consumes? a) Most of the extra digestible carbohydrates isn't digested, so it's eliminated in his feces. b) His large intestine can convert the extra digestible carbohydrates into dietary fiber and use the material to soften feces. c) His pancreas can convert the extra digestible carbohydrates to proteins and release them into the bloodstream. d) Most of the extra digestible carbohydrates is used by his cells for energy or stored as fat.

d) Most of the extra digestible carbohydrates is used by his cells for energy or stored as fat.

Which of the following items isn't a major source of added sugars in Americans' diets? a) Sugar-sweetened beverages b) Hard candies c) Cookies and other baked goods d) Orange juice

d) Orange juice

Roberto has type 2 diabetes. After testing Roberto's blood, his physician told him that his blood glucose level was OK, but he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level. Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Roberto? a) Roberto was losing weight rapidly. b) Roberto's ketone bodies were lower than expected. c) Roberto's blood pressure was too low. d) Roberto's A1c value was 8.6.

d) Roberto's A1c value was 8.6.

Which of the following statements is true? a) Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. b) Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. c) Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. d) Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally doesn't change in water.

d) Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally doesn't change in water.

Which of the following statements is true? a) Parents and other caregivers should feed honey to infants because it's safer than sugar. b) A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin. c) Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. d) Sucrose provides 4 kcal/gram.

d) Sucrose provides 4 kcal/gram.

Hillary would like to consume more insoluble fiber. Which of the following foods or beverages should she consume? a) Coconut oil b) Green tea c) Egg whites d) Wheat bran

d) Wheat bran

Marlena is healthy, but she's concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marlena should _______. a) take iron supplements daily b) use foods that are artificially sweetened c) drink at least 8 glasses of water daily d) avoid gaining excess weight

d) avoid gaining excess weight

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are _______. a) glucose, galactose, and sucrose b) fructose, lactose, and levulose c) maltose, lactose, and galactose d) galactose, glucose, and fructose

d) galactose, glucose, and fructose

A primary fuel for muscles and other cells is ______. a) glycogen b) starch c) fructose d) glucose

d) glucose

The liver breaks down glycogen to release _____ molecules. a) hemicellulose b) cellulose c) ATP d) glucose

d) glucose

Berna's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it's very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, her body forms more than normal amounts of _______. a) muscle fibers b) beta cells c) glycogen stores d) ketone bodies

d) ketone bodies

A food scientist has developed an infant formula that has the same carbohydrate composition as milk. Based on this information, the formula contains ______. a) maltose b) fructose c) xylitol d) lactose

d) lactose

If you wanted to include a starchy food with your meal, which of the following foods would you add? a) Baked potatoes b) Plain yogurt (homemade) c) Fresh asparagus d) Green grapes

a) Baked potatoes

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? a) Corn flakes cereal b) Raw carrots c) Raw apple d) Fat-free milk

a) Corn flakes cereal

_____ sugar is the common name for fructose. a) Fruit b) Complex c) Malt d) Milk

a) Fruit

During Thanksgiving dinner, Alissia ate too much bread stuffing, rolls, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin pie. While she rested after the meal, what happened to much of the excess glucose in her body? a) Much of the glucose was converted into fat by her liver. b) About 60% of the glucose was converted to protein by her muscles. c) The glucose was converted into fat by her resting muscle cells. d) Only about 10% of the glucose was absorbed by her intestinal tract.

a) Much of the glucose was converted into fat by her liver.

Nicki has severe lactose intolerance. Which of the following foods should she consume to obtain a lot of calcium? a) Soy milk b) Cream cheese c) Cottage cheese d) Fat-free milk

a) Soy milk

Which of the following statements is true? a) Your digestive tract doesn't produce enzymes that can digest dietary fiber. b) Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. c) Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease. d) Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans.

a) Your digestive tract doesn't produce enzymes that can digest dietary fiber.

Clinton's mother and father have type 2 diabetes. To reduce his risk of this disease, Clinton should consume _______. a) iron and vitamin C b) stevia extracts c) a high-fiber diet d) more refined carbohydrates

a) iron and vitamin C

Beatrice is a 19-year-old college student. She avoids milk, because she claims drinking the beverage upsets her stomach and gives her intestinal "gas." However, she can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Beatrice probably has _______. a) lactose intolerance b) botulism poisoning c) type 2 diabetes d) ulcerative colitis

a) lactose intolerance

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of hundreds of glucose molecules linked to each other by a bond that human digestive enzymes couldn't break apart. This ingredient was _____. a) oligogalactose b) cellulose c) lignin d) starch

a) oligogalactose

Maya's fasting blood glucose level is usually between 110 and 120 mg/dl. Based on this information, Maya has _______. a) pre-diabetes b) lactose intolerance c) metabolic syndrome d) diverticula

a) pre-diabetes

Insulin _______. a) signals cells to break down glycogen b) binds simple sugars so they can be eliminated by the intestinal tract c) helps glucose enter cells d) is released by the pancreas during fasting periods, such as between meals

a) signals cells to break down glycogen

Payton uses brown sugar to sweeten homemade applesauce. Brown sugar contains _______. a) sucrose b) lactose c) galactose d) maltose

a) sucrose

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)? a) Baked potato chips b) "Regular" sweetened soft drinks c) Red seedless grapes d) Whole-grain breads

b) "Regular" sweetened soft drinks

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? a) Butter b) Beans c) Liver d) Eggs

b) Beans

Brianna thinks she has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this chronic disease? a) Craving for salty foods b) Excessive thirst c) Fewer than normal red blood cells d) Less than normal need to urinate

b) Excessive thirst

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes? a) Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily b) Exercising daily c) Taking vitamin C supplements d) Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week

b) Exercising daily

Which of the following foods is the richest source of lactose per standard serving? a) Soy milk beverage b) Fat-free milk c) Ground turkey d) Cocoa butter

b) Fat-free milk

Which of the following foods isn't a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)? a) Pecan pie b) Fresh apple c) Hard candy d) "Regular" sweetened soft drink

b) Fresh apple

Which of the following substances is one of the most important dietary monosaccharides for humans? a) Sucrose b) Glucose c) Xylose d) Mannose

b) Glucose

Which of the following statements is true? a) Beans and whole grains are sources of fiber. b) The typical American diet supplies recommended amounts of fiber. c) Breads that are made with 100% white flour are rich sources of fiber. d) People may reduce their risk of type 1 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.

a) Beans and whole grains are sources of fiber.

Cora usually gives her eleven-month-old son a small baby bottle filled with sugar-sweetened apple juice to drink when she places the sleepy baby in his crib. Based on this information, Cora's baby has a high risk of _______. a) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b) nursing bottle syndrome c) lactose intolerance d) type 1 diabetes

b) nursing bottle syndrome

Glucagon _______. a) stimulates cells to store glucose as glycogen b) promotes the breakdown of glycogen c) lowers blood glucose levels d) helps glucose enter cells

b) promotes the breakdown of glycogen

Carlos has reactive hypoglycemia. Based on this information, Carlos should _______. a) increase his intake of refined carbohydrate b) seat smaller, more frequent meals c) eliminate fat from his diet d) take insulin to reduce his blood glucose level

b) seat smaller, more frequent meals

Sucrose is refined from _______. a) coconut palms b) sugar beets c) raw honey d) fresh grapes

b) sugar beets

Nora's usual caloric intake is 2000 kcal per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's daily energy intake. Therefore, she should limit her added sugar intake to less than ____ grams per day. a) 75 b) 30 c) 200 d) 50

c) 200

Which of the following statements is true? a) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. b) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl. c) Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. d) People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.

c) Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease.

Pancreatic amylase _______. a) contributes to type 1 diabetes b) converts glucose to energy in cells c) digests starch in the small intestine d) is secreted by the gallbladder

c) digests starch in the small intestine

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of hundreds of monosaccharide molecules bonded to each other. Upon further analysis, the scientist determined the ingredient wasn't digested by human intestinal enzymes. This ingredient was a form of _____. a) glucose b) starch c) fiber d) mannose

c) fiber

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrates is a (an) _______. a) polysaccharide b) oligosaccharide c) monosaccharide d) disaccharide

c) monosaccharide

Cells in the _____ make insulin. a) gallbladder b) liver c) pancreas d) kidneys

c) pancreas

Which of the following organs is a major site for glycogen storage in humans? a) Bone b) Thyroid gland c) Spleen d) Liver

d) Liver