unit 5 study guide psychology

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

How does high self-efficacy affect a person's stress levels?

It buffers/decreases stress levels.

Which statement about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is FALSE?

Most people who experience a traumatic stressor develop PTSD.

Which of the following statements about people with antisocial personality disorder is FALSE?

Most people with antisocial personality disorder become serial killers.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

_____ are characterized by persistent, extremely rigid, maladaptive patterns of behavior that interfere with normal social interactions.

Personality disorders

Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptoms of her disorder?

Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others

_____ contribute(s) to stress.

Type A behavior patterns

Mr. Monk is constantly worried that if he doesn't wash his hands at least 50 times a day he will develop a rare and deadly disease. Mr. Monk's habitual hand-washing is:

a compulsion.

Heydar moved to America when he was twenty-two. He had a difficult time learning English and adjusting to the new cultural norms. Demands faced by immigrants in adjusting to a host culture are known as _____ stress.

acculturative

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description, she is probably suffering from:

agoraphobia.

The fight-or-flight response occurs during which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm

The correct order of the general adaptation syndrome stages is:

alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Which of the following definitions best describes distress?

A bad form of stress associated with erosions in performance and health

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

Which of the following would be considered a traumatic stressor?

All of the above.

Which of the following people would be diagnosed with a phobia?

Amy, who has an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of being away from home.

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B

Eleanor is a quiet 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14-year-old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she "becomes" a 52-year-old, foul-mouthed alcoholic. Eleanor is most likely to be diagnosed with:

dissociative identity disorder.

Monica has an incredibly stressful job and suffers from irritable bowel syndrome. Her doctor tells her that this "disease of adaptation" may be the result of her being in the _____ stage of general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

Traffic, chores, and weather are all examples of:

hassles

Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy:

have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Kyle use to love practicing his tuba, but lately he hasn't felt like playing. To make matters worse, he has lost his appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Kyle be most likely to have?

major depressive disorder

Thoughts about death, loss of appetite or overeating, insomnia or fatigue, and hopelessness are all symptoms of:

major depressive disorder.

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz more than an hour to actually leave the house. Fritz may be experiencing:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

positive psychology

A psychological disorder characterized by maladaptive reactions to devastating events or stressors is:

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she canâ t stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Harriet was the recent victim of a mugging. Right now, her body is attempting to return to a normal biological state. Arousal is somewhat high, and she exhibits anger and fatigue. Based on this description, Harriet is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

resistance

A stressor is best defined as a(n):

source of stress

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

the relaxation response technique

People with an external locus of control believe:

there is nothing they can do about stress.

Lolly believes that the C.I.A. and other government agencies are trying to kill her. This is an example of a:

delusion.

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

Last week, Winona ended up in the hospital after a fight with her boyfriend. She swallowed a whole bottle of Tylenol after finding a text on her boyfriend's phone from one of his female classmates. Winona has always had difficulty regulating her emotions and often behaves impulsively. These symptoms can be signs of:

bipolar disorder

Nikita experiences periods of extreme sadness that alternate with periods of euphoric or elevated mood. Based on this description, Nikita is most likely to be experiencing:

bipolar disorder.

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

The personality trait of hostility is strongly linked to:

coronary heart disease.