Unit 5 Test

Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as

interstitial fluid

Eosinophils are especially important in defending the human body from infection by

large parasites

As an erythroblast develops into an erythrocyte, it

loses its ability to reproduce

A researcher wants to produce antibodies by growing cells in the laboratory. What cell population would be necessary to accomplish this?

lymphocytes

An electrocardiogram is used to

measure the electrical activity of the heart

Which one of the following symptoms is most typical of hypertension?

most often there are no symptoms

Hemolytic disease of the newborn could result from which one of the following situations?

mother is Rh-; fetus is Rh+

Cardiac output can be calculated by

multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.

The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle

must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body.

When oxygen availability drops, certain cells in the kidney respond by producing erythropoietin, which in turn stimulates an increase in red blood cells. This cellular response represents

negative feedback

Which one of the following populations of cells is most markedly increased during bacterial infections?

neutrophils

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

nonspecific mechanisms.

Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells lose their ________ and ________ as they mature.

nucleus; organelles

All of the following are recommended ways to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease EXCEPT which one?

older adults — use hormone replacement therapy

Blood pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries, and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood

one-way valves

Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one?

osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood

A damaged red blood cell is removed from circulation by

phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.

A high hematocrit might indicate

polycythemia.

These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.

precapillary sphincters

Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the

pulmonary arteries.

In the ________ circuit, blood leaving the ________ ultimately delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the body's tissues and organs

pulmonary; lung capillaries

sinoatrial node

regulates the rate of heart contraction

Following damage to his heart, Jim is having a pacemaker implanted. Which one of the following components of the heart does this device replace the activity of?

sinoatrial node

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

sinoatrial node.

The aortic semilunar valve opens when

the arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure

Albumin proteins in human blood function

to maintain blood volume

When a blood vessel gets damaged, contractions of smooth muscle referred to as ________ help constrict the vessel to reduce blood flow.

vascular spasms

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the

ventricles contract.

You have been advised to check your pulse during exercise in order to monitor your heart rate. What is happening in your heart as your pulse is produced?

ventricular systole

Which one of the following is a component of blood plasma?

water

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be

AB

Foreign cells that enter the human body have unique cell surface proteins, known as ________, which stimulate the body's defense to attack.

Antigens

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?

Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.

Which one of the following is a human blood type?

B-

Which one of the following is directly involved in the process of blood clotting?

Fibrin

Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?

Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow

Which one of the following components of blood increase in number in response to the presence of an infectious agent?

White Blood Cells

Which one of the following best describes an angiogram?

an x-ray picture of blood vessels

When the hormone erythropoietin is released in response to low oxygen levels, where is it transported to stimulate red blood cell production?

red bone marrow

Deoxygenated blood always flows

toward the right atrium

Given the following components of the cardiac conduction cycle, which one of the following best describes the movement of the stimulus that causes a heart contraction? A. atrioventricular bundle B. sinoatrial node C. atria D. atrioventricular node E. Purkinje fibers F. ventricles

A) B, C, D, A, E, F

Which one of the following blood types can a person with blood type B safely receive in a blood transfusion?

B and O

Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by

Bacteria

The bubonic plague epidemic that swept through Europe between 1348 and 1350 A.D. was induced by a(n)

Bacterium

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding baroreceptors?

Baroreceptors are pressure sensors that monitor blood pressure.

Histamine is released from which one of the following types of leukocyte to stimulate the inflammatory response?

Basophil

Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of

Capillaries

All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood and interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one?

Capillaries have tiny valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction.

Ventricular fibrillation is occurring in a patient who has just arrived in the emergency room. Which one of the following treatments may be applied immediately to correct this potentially fatal arrhythmia?

Cardioversion

Arthrosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to buildup of fatty deposits containing

Cholesterol

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding deoxyhemoglobin?

Deoxyhemoglobin is found in blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities.

A physician finds that one of his patients has the following problems: Blood clots very slowly or not at all, and severe bruises result from even the most minor bumps. Which one of the following conditions would likely be diagnosed based on this information?

Hemophilia

The inflammatory response is initiated by the release of ________ from basophils.

Histamine

Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?

Lymphocytes

Which one of the following parts of the brain regulates heart activity?

Medulla Oblongata

Which one of the following types of white blood cells is capable of phagocytosis?

Neutrophils

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the

Pericardium

About 55% of whole blood is ________, which is/are mostly made up of water.

Plasma

Albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin are all examples of

Plasma Proteins

Which one of the following formed elements in the blood is not a cell but is actually a fragment of a cell?

Platelet

Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary Vein

Removal of the heme group from hemoglobin would result in

RBC not being able to bind oxygen

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

Rabies

A scientist is interested in doing a research project on hemoglobin. From which one of the following could he extract the hemoglobin for his study?

Red Blood Cells

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen?

Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood.

Donating blood in the United States

Requires the donor to be at least 17

If an individual is O+, which of the following antigens are on the surface of his or her red blood cells?

Rh

After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the

Right Ventricle

Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the

Spleen

A person's blood pressure has fallen below normal as the person has quickly jumped out of his or her chair where he or she had been relaxing. All of the following reflect events in restoring the blood pressure to normal EXCEPT which one?

The heart rate will decrease

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the "recycling" of hemoglobin?

The iron atoms are returned to the red bone marrow.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid

Which of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.

The development of a blood substitute would be welcomed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT which one?

Transfused blood rarely persists for more than a few days in the recipient

Which one of the following occurs first in the process of hemostasis?

Vascular Spasm

In which one of the following blood vessels is blood under the lowest pressure?

Vein

Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement?

Veins are more distensible than arteries.

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

Viruses and Bacteria both contain genetic material

Blood pressure is highest in

arteries

Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in

arteries

When blood leaves the heart, it first enters

arteries

Which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?

arterioles

Which one of the following segments of the typical cardiac cycle is the briefest?

atrial systole

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially

becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins

During the formation of a blood clot, conversion of prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin requires

calcium ions

The "lub" of the lub-DUB sounds heard through a stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the

closing of the two atrioventricular valves.

All of the following are ways in which blood functions to maintain homeostasis in the human body EXCEPT which one?

conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell-cell communication

In a weakened heart, the heart begins to pump less blood, resulting in blood backing up in the veins causing pressure in veins and capillaries to rise. This condition is called

congestive heart failure

Which response would be characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

decrease the rate of heart contraction

Which one of the following would result in a decrease in cardiac output?

decreased stroke volume

Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________.

deoxygenated; pulmonary trunk

Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

derived from blood plasma.

Bacteria are helpful to humans in many ways, including all of the following EXCEPT which one?

digestion of cellulose in the human intestine

Ebola virus can be transmitted via

direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected person.

Which layer of the heart is in contact with the blood?

endocardium

Blood displays a bright red color when

four oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin to create oxyhemoglobin

An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with

high blood levels of LDLs.

When the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drops below normal, the condition is referred to as

hypotension

Blood doping, practiced by many athletes involved in the Tour de France as well as other sports, involves the illegal use of drugs to

increase the amount of oxygen carried in blood.

Which one of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?

intense chest pain