Unit 6: Lesson 7: Minerals

​​​​What are two ways that gemstone companies keep diamond prices artificially high?

- Companies use marketing campaigns that get people to keep their diamonds "forever." - Companies store most diamonds in vaults to keep them off the market.

Describe the four ways minerals are formed.

- Exposure to high temperatures and high pressure causes chemical changes that form minerals. - The hardening and crystallization of magma and lava form some minerals. - Some organisms produce inorganic solids. - Other minerals form due to evaporation from solutions.

Which five countries supply most of the world's minerals?

- South Africa - Canada - United States - Russia - Australia

​​​​What are the four strategic minerals used by the United States military?

- manganese - cobalt - titanium - platinum

How are diamonds and graphite the same? How are they different?

Both diamonds and graphite are made entirely out of carbon. They are different because the carbon atoms are arranged differently with a more three-dimensional structure in diamonds and flat layers in graphite.

rock

a solid combination of one or more minerals and other mineral-like substances

minerals

an inorganic solid that is made up of an element or compound, can be found naturally in earth, and has an orderly crystalline structure

​​​​What is a blood diamond?

diamonds mined in conflict areas and sold to fund wars

Igneous rock

forms when magma cools

Sedimentary rock

forms when sediments accumulate and layer over time.

coal

fuel ; energy source

Metamorphic rock

is formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks go through chemical changes caused by heat and pressure.

iron

metal ; cars

Copper

metal ; pipes

Gold

metal ; wedding ring

gravel

nonmetal ; concrete and asphalt

topaz

nonmetal ; jewelry

​​​​​​​​​Are minerals a renewable or nonrenewable resource?

nonrenewable

lithification

the process of particles cementing together to form rock