Unit 7

In addition to a nearby mountain range, which of the following environmental conditions would be required for the process in the diagram to occur? A A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system B A warm mountain breeze and a low pressure system C A cool sea breeze and a low pressure system D A cool mountain breeze and a high pressure system

A A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system

Which of the different components of smog depicted in the graph are most likely released from automobile exhaust? A A and B B B and C C A, B, and C D B, C, and D

A and B

Which of the curves on the graph depicts the concentration of ozone, which requires sunlight to form? A B C D

C

Which of the following best explains the cause of the trend shown in the graph for lead emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2011 ? A By 1990, all new model cars were equipped with internal fabric filters that effectively filtered car exhaust and reduced lead emissions. B Beginning in 1975, The Clean Air Act required new cars to have catalytic converters, which effectively converted the lead found in gasoline to water vapor. C New air-scrubber technologies were introduced in the late 1970s that effectively removed lead in the air and converted it into water vapor. D Unleaded gasoline was first introduced in 1974, and amendments to the Clean Air Act required cars with the model year 1975 or later to use only unleaded gasoline.

D Unleaded gasoline was first introduced in 1974, and amendments to the Clean Air Act required cars with the model year 1975 or later to use only unleaded gasoline.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between variables in the data table? A Impact factor causes a change in temperature maximum. B Isoprene levels vary depending on traffic and urbanization. C Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature. D Changes in average temperature are linked to changes in land use in Berlin.

C Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature.

A student is setting up a model to study the carbon cycle and natural sources of carbon dioxide. They create a microenvironment that contains soil, leaf debris, an earthworm, heterotrophic bacteria, and a sun lamp. What natural source of carbon dioxide and major metabolic process was left out of the model? A There is no representation of decomposition in the model environment. B There is no representation of cellular respiration in the model environment. C There is no representation of photosynthesis in the model environment. D There is no representation of ingestion in the model environment.

C There is no representation of photosynthesis in the model environment.

Which of the following sources should be examined in a study to determine the impact of a geologic source on levels of CO2CO2 in the atmosphere? A Photosynthesis B Cellular respiration C Decomposition D Volcanoes

D Volcanoes

Which of the following conclusions can best be drawn from the data in the graph? A Location A has the greatest need for remediation because the radon levels in the building are the highest and exceed the EPA action level. B Location B has the lowest need for remediation because the radon levels in the building are below the suggested action level. C Location C has the greatest need for remediation because the radon levels in the soil are the highest. D Location D has the lowest need for remediation because there is no measurable radon in the air or the soil samples.

A Location A has the greatest need for remediation because the radon levels in the building are the highest and exceed the EPA action level

The data that were used to create this graph were collected in the winter. Which of the following best describes how the graph would be different if the data were collected in the middle of the summer? A The peaks for every data line would be at a lower concentration. B Concentrations for component C would be higher throughout the graph. C Concentrations for all the data lines would be the horizontal throughout the day. D Components A, B, and D would peak in the afternoon instead of in the morning.

C Concentrations for all

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the indoor air pollutant shown in the graph? A Cracks in the basement foundation B Synthetic fiber in carpets and furniture C Leaking water D Pet hair

A.Cracks in the basement foundation

Which of the following best describes why the authors do not claim that noise exposure induces birth defects in humans? A There is sufficient evidence that exposure to noise induces some health risks in humans. B There is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces birth defects in humans. C Noise exposure can induce hearing impairment and decreased school performance. D A high-priority study subject is the effect of noise on children.

B There is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces birth defects in humans.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data shown in the table? A Ozone levels are not a serious air quality concern in Berlin. B Ozone levels in Berlin were consistently higher in 2014 than in 2006. C Isoprene's contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years. D Isoprene levels were negatively correlated with maximum temperature.

C Isoprene's contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years.

A paper company located on the banks of a river discharges its treated wastewater into the river. Which of the following would be the best location to obtain a water sample from to determine if the paper plant is affecting the acidity of the river? A Immediately downstream from the paper plant B Immediately upstream from the paper plant C At an upstream tributary to the river D At a downstream tributary to the river

A Immediately downstream from the paper plant

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data presented in the graph? A In moderately developed regions such as China and Latin America, an individual's health is more or as likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor pollution. B Developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa are less affected by indoor air pollution because there is no source of radon in the region. C Indoor air pollutants decrease and urban outdoor pollutants increase as countries become more industrialized. D The amount of both indoor and outdoor air pollution is directly linked to the size of each region.

A In moderately developed regions such as China and Latin America, an individual's health is more or as likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor pollution.

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the diagram above? A Less-dense, cool air rises up and mixes with the denser warm air above it, increasing the amount of thermal pollution in the atmosphere. B Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground. C Dense, warm air from the mountains on the right pushes into the less-dense, cool air mass, causing an inversion layer. D Movement of air currents over urban areas decreases the amount of photochemical smog during summer months.

B Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Which of the following activities would most likely account for the levels of indoor air pollution in India and sub-Saharan Africa, as shown in the graph? A Construction of homes with more efficient insulation and increased ventilation B Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking C Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation D Use of chemical pesticides on croplands

B Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking

If the air layers in the diagram were relabeled to illustrate normal atmospheric conditions, the correct labeling from the air layer closest to the Earth's surface to the one farthest from the Earth's surface would be A cool air, cooler air, warm air B warm air, cool air, cooler air C cooler air, warm air, cool air D cooler air, cool air, warm air

B warm air, cool air, cooler air

Scientists have been monitoring CO2CO2 in the atmosphere from Mauna Loa in Hawaii since 1958. Which of the following units is used by scientists to measure CO2CO2 in the atmosphere? A Dobson units B Percent saturation C Parts per million D pH

C Parts per million

A paper company located on the banks of a river discharges its treated wastewater into the river. Which of the following would be the best control group to evaluate the treated wastewater from the paper company? A A sample of distilled water B A sample of water from a nearby river C A sample of water downstream from the same river D A sample of water upstream from the same river

D A sample of water upstream from the same river

Which of the following best describes the efficiency of dry scrubbers at removing particles that are less than 2 micrometers in diameter? A Dry scrubbers are less than 20% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm and increase to over 50% efficiency at removing particles between 1 and2μm. B Dry scrubbers are between 50% and 90% efficient at removing particles less than2μm, depending on the flow rate. C Dry scrubbers are between 5% and 40% efficient at removing particles less than 2μm in size. D Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm in size.

D Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm in size

Which of the following best describes why the authors claim that noise exposure will be a major health problem in the twenty-first century? A There is sufficient evidence to support that noise exposure negatively impacts the immune system. B Further research is needed concerning the mechanisms underlying noise-induced cardiovascular disorders. C There is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces sleep disturbance in humans. D Noise exposure is on the increase in both industrialized nations and in developing regions.

D Noise exposure is on the increase in both industrialized nations and in developing regions.

In the figure above, the letters A, B, and C represent the different thermal layers present in an inversion. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of thermal layers as one moves vertically upwards from the surface of Earth? A Warm sea breeze →→ Cool →→ Warm B Warm sea breeze →→ Warm →→ Cool C Cool sea breeze →→ Warm →→ Cool D Cool sea breeze →→ Cooler →→ Coolest

C Cool sea breeze →→ Warm →→ Cool

Which of the following would be the most effective plan for the manager to propose to the city? A Install catalytic converters at the plant. B Install vapor recovery nozzles at the plant. C Install electrostatic precipitators at the plant. D Burn lignite coal instead of bituminous coal at the plant.

C Install electrostatic precipitators at the plant.

Which of the following best describes why the authors claim that reducing noise exposure is currently more of a public policy problem than a scientific problem? A There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure can induce hypertension and heart disease. B The relationship of noise with annoyance that negatively impacts human health is a subject for future research. C Most public health impacts of noise were already identified in the 1960s. D It is unclear whether negative cognitive effects are reversible in humans.

C Most public health impacts of noise were already identified in the 1960s.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the trend shown in the graph of fluctuating indoor radon levels over the course of a year? A Home windows are often closed during summer months, causing the levels of radon in the house to build up. B Barometric pressure changes from summer storms can cause radon levels to increase. C Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because of the difference in temperature inside and outside the home, which creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate. D Increased levels of radon are linked to burning biomass indoors, which increases in winter months when more biomass is burned for cooking and heating.

C Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because of the difference in temperature inside and outside the home, which creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate

Based on the layers in the diagram, which of the following best explains why a thermal inversion tends to concentrate pollutants in the air layer closest to the Earth's surface? A The air layer that is the second closest to the Earth's surface is less dense than the layer above it. B The inversion layer is warmer than the air layer that is farthest from the Earth's surface. C The air layer closest to the Earth's surface is denser than the layer above it. D The air layer that is farthest from the Earth's surface contains the coolest air.

C The air layer closest to the Earth's surface is denser than the layer above it.

A paper company located on the banks of a river discharges its treated wastewater into the river. Which of the following water quality indicators should be measured to best determine if the wastewater is increasing the acidity of the river? A The amount of dissolved oxygen B The total suspended solids C The amount of hydrogen ions D The species richness

C The amount of hydrogen ions

Canada has proposed an action plan to address climate change and air pollution. The action plan will reduce the impact of greenhouse gases and pollutants on the environment and human health. Which of the following claims about the Canadian action plan is best supported by the data in the graph? A The plan encourages the transition from electricity generation from nuclear power to electricity generation from cleaner-burning natural gas. B The plan focuses on increasing regulation on installation and maintenance of catalytic converters in vehicle exhaust systems. C The plan supports phasing out traditional coal power plants and transitioning to sources like hydroelectricity, wind, and solar power. D The plan provides a strategy for reducing the amount of plastic wastes in landfills through the production of long-lasting and durable plastics.

C The plan supports phasing out traditional coal power plants and transitioning to sources like hydroelectricity, wind, and solar power.