Unit 8: Human Anatomy

dehydration

Significant loss of body water

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:

Small intestine

The liver and pancreas are connected to the:

Small intestine

Absorption

Taking in nutrients through the small intestine

Order of the digestive system:

Teeth, saliva, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, appendix, large intestine, rectum

systemic

That part of the circulation that supplies all the body except the lungs

thoracic duct

The large lymphatic vessel that collects lymph from the lower half of the body and dumps it into the blood circulation

interstitial fluid

The liquid that surrounds the cells in the body, lymph

jejunum

The middle part of the small bowel

bicuspid valve

The mitral valve

medulla

The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland

Bowman's capsule

The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.

excretion

The passage of waste material out of the body

dialysis

The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood

physiology

The study of the function of living organisms

ureter

The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside

aortic valve

The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

tricuspid valve

The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

pulmonary valve

The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

endocardium

Thick, fibrous inner layer of the heart

epicardium

Thin filmy tissue surrounding the heart

capillary

Tiny blood vessels between arterioles and venules

glomerulus

Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood

Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called:

Urine

A body system consists of:

a group of organs which perform a common function

What is the function of bile?

causes fats to dissolve in water

Saliva contains an _____ which accelerates the digestion of _____.

enzyme, starches

Blood circulating through the kidneys will ____ water and important materials as it flows through the _____.

reabsorb, tubules

Proteins are digested in the:

stomach and small intestine

electrocardiogram

A graph detecting the electrical changes in the heart as it beats

insulin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar.

Starch

A polymer of simple sugars

enzyme

A protein that induces chemical changes in other substances

methane

An inflammable gas produced by bacteria in the large bowel

pancreas

An organ just beneath the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

An irritation of the stomach lining results in:

An ulcer

renal artery

Arteries taking blood into the kidneys

atrioventricular node

Conducts the signal from the sinoatrial node to the rest of the heart

myocardial infarction

Death of heart muscle due to absent blood supply

buboes

Greatly enlarged lymph nodes as a result of infection

The primary digestive substance in the stomach is:

Hydrochloric acid

atrium

One of the two thin-walled chambers that receive blood into the heart from the veins

integument

Refers to the skin and its accessory structures

feces

Solid waste from the large bowel

Purkinji fibres

Specialized electrical conducting fibres in the heart

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Stores bile

bubonic plague

The black death, a recurrent epidemic disease during the Middle Ages

systole

The contraction of the ventricles, which pumps blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

ileum

The distal half of the small bowel

myocardium

The heart muscle

filtration

The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.

diastole

The relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers that allows them to fill with blood

pericardium

The sac around the heart.

pylorus

The valve at the lower end of the stomach

mitral valve

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

T/F: The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body.

True

Most absorption of water occurs in the:

large intestine

Which organ produces bile?

liver

lymph

lymphatic, Interstitial fluid that is transported in lymphatic vessels

hormone

A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body which has its effect on another part such as insulin and corticoids.

intestinal flora

Bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the:

Esophagus

The common bile duct receives secretions from the:

Liver, gall bladder, pancreas

elephantiasis

Massive elephant-like swelling of the lower parts of the body due to filariasis, a tropical infectious disease

endocrine

Pertaining to hormones

coronary

Refers to the arteries that supply blood to the heart

arteriole

Small artery

salivary glands

Structures in the head and neck that secrete saliva

edema

Swelling of part of the body due to accumulated interstitial fluid

respiration

The exchange and chemical conversion of gases between your body and the environment

duodenum

The first piece of the small bowel, into which empties the bile and pancreatic juices

nephron

The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine

anus

The lower opening of the intestinal tract

sinoatrial node

The normal pacemaker of the heart

cortex

The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney

metabolism

The sum of all body chemistry

T/F: It is possible to live without a gall bladder.

True

The process of food entering the blood stream is called:

absorbation

The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ____ occurs at the ____.

capillaries, villi

The process of blood ____ takes place in the Bowman's Capsule of the nephron.

filtration

What can block the common bile duct?

gall stones

Glucagon and insulin are:

hormones

Carbohydrates are digested in the:

mouth and small intestine

Fats are digested in the:

small intestine

Most absorption of food occurs in the:

small intestine

The excretory system is involved with eliminating:

solid, liquid, and gas waste

The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:

transform nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood

jaundice

A condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color

loop of Henle

A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules

filariasis

A disease caused by roundworms blocking lymphatic channels

urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted

Urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.

appendix

A worm-like organ attached to the junction of the small and large intestine.

hypertension

Blood pressure that is too high

artery

Blood vessel leaving the heart

T/F: Digestion starts in the stomach.

False

T/F: The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.

False

borborygmi

Intestinal gurgling sounds

The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:

Kidney