UNIT III: Immunity Part II (Adaptive Immunity)

A ________ T cell will become activated by presentation of foreign antigen associated with an MHC I molecule.

Cytotoxic

MHC I is ONLY recognized by _____________.

Cytotoxic T-Cells

In T - ____________ antigen response, the antigen is a protein

Dependent

____________ pathway is MHC I recognized by CD8 T-Cells

Endogenous

____________ pathway is MHC II recognized by CD4 T-Cells

Exogenous

Of the Immunoglobulins, which class of Ig has the highest to lowest percentage of total serum antibody

G, M, A, D, E

A ________ T cell will become activated by presentation of foreign antigen in association with an MHC II molecule.

Helper

MHC II is ONLY recognized by _____________.

Helper T-Cells

Ig Classes: Localized protecting on mucosal surfaces

IgA

This class of antibody is found in very large amounts in mucus secretions.

IgA

T-Dependent produces which antibody

IgA, IgE, IgG

Ig Classes: Serum function not known; presence on B cells functions in initiation immune response

IgD

This class of antibody is not secreted by B cells but is expressed on the surface of naïve B cells.

IgD

Ig Classes: Allergic reactions; possibly lysis of parasitic worms

IgE

This class of antibody is involved in the defense against parasitic infections and involved in allergic responses.

IgE

Ig Classes: Enhances phagocytosis; neutralizes toxins and viruses; protects fetus and new born

IgG

In secondary antibody response, what antibody is increased?

IgG

This class of antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta.

IgG

Ig Classes: Especially effective against microorganisms and agglutinating antigens; first antibodies produced in response to initial infection.

IgM

T-Independent produces which antibody

IgM

This class of antibody is the first to appear after activation of B cells.

IgM

In the primary antibody response what are the Ig types that are produced.

IgM (mostly) but small amount of IgG

In agglutination, which antibodies help with the clumping of antigens together?

IgM and IgA

In T - ________________ antigen response, the antigen is a polysaccharide

Independent

______________: B cell-secrete antibodies. T Cells-secrete cytokines that support immune response of other cells; secrete factors that kill infected or tumor cells.

Lymphocytes

_________ is ONLY recognized by Cytotoxic T-Cells

MHC I

_________ is ONLY recognized by Helper T-Cells

MHC II

Both ________ and effector T cells are produced during differentiation of activated T cells.

Memory

Antibodies are produced by ________.

Plasma cells

MHC molecules are used for antigen ________ to T cells.

Presentation

T-independent antigens can stimulate B cells to become activated and secrete antibodies without assistance from helper T cells. These antigens possess ________ antigenic epitopes that cross-link BCRs.

Repetitive

Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by __________.

T-cells

________ antigens can stimulate B cells to become activated but require cytokine assistance delivered by helper T cells.

T-dependent

Peripheral tolerance mechanisms function on T cells after they mature and exit the ________.

Thymus

Mainly activated phagocytes, armed with complement-fixing Ig, and CTL

Type I Immunity

Mainly activated eosinophils and mast cells, armed with non-complement-fixing Ig

Type II Immunity

A TCR is a protein dimer embedded in the plasma membrane of a T cell. The ________ region of each of the two protein chains is what gives it the capability to bind to a presented antigen.

Variable

Cytotoxic T cells will bind with their TCR to which of the following? a. antigens presented with MHC I molecules b. antigens presented with MHC II molecules c. free antigen in a soluble form d. haptens only

a

MHC I molecules present a. processed foreign antigens from proteasomes. b. processed self-antigens from phagolysosome. c. antibodies. d. T cell antigens.

a

The variable regions of the heavy and light chains form the ________ sites of an antibody.

antigen-binding

MHC II molecules present a. processed self-antigens from proteasomes. b. processed foreign antigens from phagolysosomes. c. antibodies. d. T cell receptors.

b

Name the T helper cell subset involved in antibody production. a. TH1 b. TH2 c. TH17 d. CTL

b

To what does the TCR of a helper T cell bind? a. antigens presented with MHC I molecules b. antigens presented with MHC II molecules c. free antigen in a soluble form d. haptens only

b

Which of the following does not occur during the lag period of the primary antibody response? a. activation of helper T cells b. class switching to IgG c. presentation of antigen with MHC II d. binding of antigen to BCRs

b

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found on all nucleated cells? a. MHC II b. MHCI c. antibodies d. B-cell receptors

b

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found only on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells? a. MHCI b. MHC II c. T-cell receptors d. B-cell receptors

b

Which class of molecules is the most antigenic? a. polysaccharides b. lipids c. proteins d. carbohydrates

c

Which of the following would be a T-dependent antigen? a. lipopolysaccharide b. glycolipid c. protein d. carbohydrate

c

The heavy chains of an antibody molecule contain _________ region segments, which help to determine its class or isotype.

constant

A ________ molecule is a glycoprotein used to identify and distinguish white blood cells. a. T-cell receptor b. B-cell receptor c. MHCI d. cluster of differentiation

d

A single antigen molecule may be composed of many individual ________. a. T-cell receptors b. B-cell receptors c. MHC II d. epitopes

d

What is a superantigen? a. a protein that is highly efficient at stimulating a single type of productive and specific T cell response b. a protein produced by antigen-presenting cells to enhance their presentation capabilities c. a protein produced by T cells as a way of increasing the antigen activation they receive from antigen-presenting cells d. a protein that activates T cells in a nonspecific and uncontrolled manner

d

Which of the following would be a BCR? a. CD4 b. MHC II c. MHCI d. IgD

d

________ immunity involves the production of antibody molecules that bind to specific antigens.

humoral

The _____________________ response is mediated by antibody molecules that are secreted by plasma cells

humoral immune

There are two critically important aspects of adaptive immunity. The first is specificity, while the second is ________.

memory

________ immunity occurs when antibodies from one individual are harvested and given to another to protect against disease or treat active disease.

Artificial passive

A(n) ________ pathogen is in a weakened state; it is still capable of stimulating an immune response but does not cause a disease.

Attenuated