Unit Tests 1-7 For Psych Final
Problem-solving when we already know all the possible solutions or choices is called _____. Select one: a. Divergent thinking b. Decision making c. Functional fixedness d. Convergent thinking
b. Decision making
What is the major factor influencing conformity did Asch ignore in his study? Select one: a. The presence of another dissenter b. Diversity, including race, class, and gender c. The size of the group d. Whether the response was public or private
b. Diversity, including race, class, and gender
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States in the 19th century? Select one: a. Sigmund Freud b. Dorothea Dix c. Philippe Pinel d. Carl Rogers
b. Dorothea Dix
If a mental patient threatens to harm another person, their need for consent may be revoked according to: Select one: a. MHA b. NAMI c. ACLU d. AMA
d. AMA
Which of the following factors do NOT influence perceptual cues for interpreting stimuli? Select one: a. Experience b. Culture c. Expectations d. All these choices are correct
d. All these choices are correct
Abnormal behavior results primarily from: Select one: a. Environmental factors b. Genetic factors c. Societal factors d. An interaction of many factors
d. An interaction of many factors
The _____ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment. Select one: a. Dollard b. conformity c. social psychology d. Asch
d. Asch
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called _____, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. Select one: a. counseling b. analysis c. admission d. intake
d. intake
Match the following Gestalt terms to their description. Each term is used only once. The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you. - Closure Perception of figures against a background - Figure-ground The tendency to see a smooth, continuous pattern even when our senses tell us otherwise. - Continuity The tendency to group items we think are similar as belonging together - Similarity The tendency to group objects that are located next to each other - Proximity
Already given in question
According to "The 5 Top Reasons to Study Psychology," the Psychology Today article you read about courses and careers in the field of psychology, classes in research and statistics are both annoying and useless for careers in psychology. Select one: True False
False
Psychology as a science was developed by the ideas generated in the early 1800's. Select one: True False
False
Psychology is a process of asking interesting questions and attempting to answer them through limited data and observation. Select one: True False
False
In studies comparing an antidepressant to a placebo, researchers may use an eight-week double-blind parallel design and include subjects with major depression, but without any other medical or psychiatric comorbidities. This type of study is called a(n) _____ study. Select one: a. effectiveness [That's not right. This type of determines whether an intervention produces the expected results under ideal and controlled circumstances, not "real-world" conditions.] b. blind [That's not right. This type of determines whether an intervention produces the expected results under ideal and controlled circumstances, not "real-world" conditions.] c. aversion therapy d. efficacy
Not A or B
Functionalism is a school in psychology which states that the human behavior and our mental state is actively adapting to our external environment. That is how human beings mentally function, by constantly adapting themselves to the external environment and functioning accordingly. Therefore, a functionalist might study: Select one: a. What unconscious decisions influence behavior in school. b. The evolution of man from apes to modern humans. [Not quite. Think about Functionalism as an approach to human consciousness by which we adapt our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs to our environment.] c. How the brain and hormones influence behavior in school. [Not quite. Think about Functionalism as an approach to human consciousness by which we adapt our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs to our environment.] d. The relationship between single-parent families and failure rates of students in school.
Not B or C
Modern psychologists don't all agree on the best way to understand human behavior and thought processes or the best treatment plan for disorders. Select one: True False
True
Psychology can be seen and applied to our lives each and every day. Select one: True False
True
Psychology plays an important role in all aspects of our society. Select one: True False
True
Which scenario demonstrates a situation where psychologists have NOT used proper ethics in a human experiment? Select one: a. A researcher forces an individual to participate in an experiment without their consent. b. A researcher makes it clear to an individual that they will not be harmed in anyway during the experiment. c. A researcher makes it clear to an individual that they will be participating in an experiment involving conditioning and training. d. A researcher makes it clear to an individual that their information will be kept strictly confidential. Feedback
a. A researcher forces an individual to participate in an experiment without their consent.
When a person feels shame over a mental illness diagnosis, they will quite often: Select one: a. All of these answers are correct b. Refuse to receive treatment c. Deny they have a problem d. Feel socially isolated
a. All of these answers are correct
Your teacher has given you so much information for a research topic that you are unable to sort it all out to find what you are actually looking for. This is an example of which obstacle to decision making? Select one: a. Analysis paralysis b. Vested interests c. Having too little information d. Too many people
a. Analysis paralysis
Who developed client-centered therapy? Select one: a. Carl Rogers b. Abraham Maslow c. Philippe Pinel d. Dorothea Dix
a. Carl Rogers
Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events? Select one: a. Classical conditioning b. Controlled conditioning c. Physiological conditioning d. Psychic conditioning
a. Classical conditioning
Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies _____ bias. Select one: a. Confirmation b. Anchoring c. Hindsight d. Representational
a. Confirmation
Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? Select one: a. Continuous b. Primary c. Partial d. Secondary
a. Continuous
A painter who is able to tell the difference between two similar shades of paint is demonstrating _____. Select one: a. Difference threshold b. Absolute threshold c. Weber's law d. Sensory adaptation
a. Difference threshold
What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? Select one: a. Emotion can be a conditioned response b. Fear cannot be a conditioned response c. Boys display more fear than girls d. Boys display fear differently from girls
a. Emotion can be a conditioned response
Which of the following is NOT a DSM recognized psychotic disorder, according to the lesson in this unit? Select one: a. Geriatric psychosis b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Anorexia nervosa d. Schizophrenia
a. Geriatric psychosis
Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct? Select one: a. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated b. His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement. c. He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. d. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze.
a. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated
Which of the following exemplifies the sense of audition? Select one: a. Hearing a song on the radio b. Tasting warm bread covered in pumpkin butter c. Petting a dog d. Smelling a flower
a. Hearing a song on the radio
In attempting to find and purchase high-quality makeup products, Carla reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Carla's self-reminder illustrates the use of a(n) _____. Select one: a. Heuristic b. Algorithm c. Framing effect d. Cognitive dissonance
a. Heuristic
Carl Rogers is best known as a _____. Select one: a. Humanist b. Psychoanalyst c. Behaviorist d. Structuralist
a. Humanist
Which of the following is NOT true about 'informed consent'? Select one: a. Informed consent does not apply to those seeking treatment for mental illness. b. The patient has the right to accept, continue or refuse treatment. c. Informed consent includes an explanation of benefits. d. It gives a doctor permission to start treatment.
a. Informed consent does not apply to those seeking treatment for mental illness.
Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning? Select one: a. Knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student b. Rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables c. Determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting d. Blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room
a. Knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student
Which type of illusion is characterized by contrasting colors created with these rotating circles? Image is public domain. No attribution or linking required. Select one: a. Motion illusion b. Depth illusion c. False illusion d. Shape illusion
a. Motion illusion https://scde-genius.mrooms.net/pluginfile.php/1739814/question/questiontext/7150133/22/73972084/rotating_circles.png
B.F. Skinner is best known for the development of _____. Select one: a. Operant conditioning b. Psychoanalysis c. Observational behavior d. Classical conditioning
a. Operant conditioning
Which statement about social psychology is most accurate? Select one: a. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations. b. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by their biology. c. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social psychology. d. People's thoughts are influenced by biology while their feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situations.
a. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations.
Continuing to write the past years date on assignments in class is an example of _____. Select one: a. Proactive interference b. Making good judgments c. Spontaneous decision making d. Retroactive interference
a. Proactive interference
A smoker's inability to smell tobacco in their own clothing or home is an example of _____. Select one: a. Sensory adaptation b. Multimodal perception c. Absolute threshold d. Perceptual Illusion
a. Sensory adaptation
Who developed psychoanalysis? Select one: a. Sigmund Freud b. Carl Rogers c. Carl Jung d. Dorothea Dix
a. Sigmund Freud
Some people believed that Koko the Gorilla had the ability to communicate through the use of _____. Select one: a. Sign language b. Intellectual thoughts c. Vocalizations d. Verbal cues
a. Sign language
Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses? Select one: a. They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. b. We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body. c. They are unrelated to biological senses. d. Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.
a. They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.
Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior? Select one: a. Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries. b. Avery forgets to call his grandmother on Mother's Day. c. Jason is blackmailed by Brianna. d. Mateo's mother provides child support to Mateo's father because of a court order.
a. Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." Select one: a. Worrying of over germs b. Wiping the surfaces of her home c. Washing her hands d. Using hand sanitizers
a. Worrying of over germs
Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment? Select one: a. Zimbardo b. Asch c. Milgram d. Rosenthal
a. Zimbardo
What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment? Select one: a. Zimbardo did not use a control group. b. The study went on too long. c. The students were not randomly assigned. d. The respondents wanted to leave, but Zimbardo would not let them.
a. Zimbardo did not use a control group.
_____ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. Select one: a. anxiety b. body dysmorphic c. obsessive-compulsive d. personality
a. anxiety
Based on what you have learned in this Unit, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups? Select one: a. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task b. assigning one group to supervise the other group in completing an assigned task c. having highly educated members of one group teach the children of the other group d. keeping intergroup contact to a minimum
a. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task
Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) _____ bias. Select one: a. ingroup b. outgroup c. scapegoating d. confirmation
a. ingroup
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe? Select one: a. involuntary b. voluntary c. humanistic d. free association
a. involuntary
The _____ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. Select one: a. just-world b. just-deserts c. dogma d. karma Feedback
a. just-world
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with _____. Select one: a. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy b. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches c. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia d. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety
a. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on _____. Select one: a. the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother b. the way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to do poorly on her exam c. which dispositional factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam d. which situational factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam
a. the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother
People tend to seek out and find more convincing evidence that is consistent with an already-held view. This pattern, which can lead one astray, is known as _____? Select one: a. Fundamental attribution error b. Confirmation bias c. Hindsight bias d. Self-serving bias
b. Confirmation bias
Stanley Milgram was a social psychology professor at Yale who _____. Select one: a. wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis b. tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive than the individual creative process c. designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles d. designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group
a. wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis
Which of the following were historical explanations of psychopathology? Select one: a. Social class b. A brain disease resulting from Syphilis c. Witchcraft d. The plague
b. A brain disease resulting from Syphilis
A dog has the ability to hear sounds not audible to humans. This is an example of _____. Select one: a. Pitch b. Absolute threshold c. Audition d. Sensory adaptation
b. Absolute threshold
Which of the following animals are capable of insight? Select one: a. Dogs b. All of these animals c. Rats d. Parrots
b. All of these animals
Which of the following are ways to test a hypothesis? Select one: a. Correlation research b. All of these answers c. Case studies d. Experimental groups
b. All of these answers
The acquisition of dog phobia can best be explained by the: Select one: a. Medical model b. Behavioral model c. Psychodynamic model d. Humanistic model
b. Behavioral model
Which psychological perspective might be best when teaching a dog to sit and stay? Select one: a. Social-Culturalism b. Behaviorism c. Psychoanalysis d. Humanism
b. Behaviorism
Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) _____. Select one: a. Unconditioned response b. Conditioned response c. Unconditioned stimulus d. Conditioned stimulus
b. Conditioned response
Hearing aids can help people who have _____ deafness. Select one: a. Artificial b. Conductive c. Sensorineural d. Chochlear
b. Conductive
Unit 1: What is Psychhology? Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Which of these research methods are used most often by modern psychologists? Select one: a. Interviews b. Experimentation and observation c. Problem solving d. Causation studies
b. Experimentation and observation
Bill uses a "rule of thumb" when solving a maze quickly on an iPad app. He is using a(n) _____. Select one: a. Mental set b. Heuristic c. Algorithm d. Mental representation
b. Heuristic
Based on your readings in this unit, which of the schools of psychology do you think the following quotation represents? "I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart." (Anne Frank) Select one: a. Behaviorism b. Humanism c. Psychoanalysis d. Functionalism
b. Humanism
Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule? Select one: a. Bill traveling to Myrtle Beach for vacation every June b. Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets c. Nikita taking her dog to the vet once a year d. Jeremy checking YouTube every morning before work
b. Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets
Which of these statements is true for Albert Bandura? Select one: a. Fear is a conditioned response. b. Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say. c. Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement. d. Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals.
b. Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.
What is a major problem with the original Milgram study? Select one: a. Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable. b. Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical. c. Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable. d. Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.
b. Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a _____. Select one: a. Conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response b. Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus c. Neutral response and a conditioned response d. Neutral stimulus and a neutral response
b. Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Which of the following are NOT considered one of the founders of psychology? Select one: a. B.F. Skinner b. Noam Chomsky c. Carl Rogers d. John Watson
b. Noam Chomsky
What is the main idea of social learning theory? Select one: a. Fear is a conditioned response. b. One can learn new behaviors by observing others. c. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. d. Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
b. One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
How many different hues of color can the average person detect? Select one: a. One thousand b. One million c. One hundred d. Ten
b. One million
The eye is to sensation as the brain is to _____. Select one: a. Feeling b. Perception c. Hearing d. Impression
b. Perception
Sigmund Freud was the pioneer of which of the following models for the scientific study of psychological disorders? Select one: a. Humanistic b. Psychodynamic c. Cognitive d. Behaviorist
b. Psychodynamic
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning? Select one: a. Pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red b. Rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily c. Determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing d. Blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room
b. Rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
You are so engrossed playing a video game that you fail to notice when someone calls your name. This is an example of _____. Select one: a. Bottom-up processing b. Selective attention c. Top-down processing d. Sensory deprivation
b. Selective attention
Which of the following exemplifies olfaction? Select one: a. Tasting white chocolate fudge b. Smelling cookies in the oven c. Feeling the warmth of the sun d. Hearing an airplane fly overhead
b. Smelling cookies in the oven
A _____ is the societal disapproval and judgment of a person or group of people because they do not fit their community's social norms. Select one: a. Label b. Stigma c. Hate crime d. Norm
b. Stigma
What underlined word should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior. Select one: a. The word "individual" should be replaced by "group." b. The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo." c. The word "social" should be replaced by "anti-social." d. The word "prison" should be replaced by "conformity."
b. The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo."
Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate? Select one: a. There are four components of love: passion, romance, intimacy, and commitment. b. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. c. There are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation. d. There are four components of love: companionate, intimacy, consummate, and commitment.
b. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
What are the major goals of Psychology as a science? Select one: a. To make comparisons between human and animal behavior. b. To describe, explain and predict human behavior. c. To perform experiments on human behavior d. To develop a set of skills necessary for all high achieving people
b. To describe, explain and predict human behavior.
Marco was having a difficult time solving a problem in his Statistics class. He worked the problem in several different ways until he finally came up with the correct answer. This is an example of _____? Select one: a. Algorithms b. Trial and error c. Heuristics d. Top-down processing
b. Trial and error
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this? Select one: a. Variable ratio b. Variable interval c. Fixed ratio d. Fixed interval
b. Variable interval
Which US-born founder of psychology was influenced by Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution? Select one: a. B.F. Skinner b. William James c. William Wundt d. Sigmund Freud
b. William James
A(n) _____ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. Select one: a. cognition b. attitude c. sense d. feeling
b. attitude
Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psycho-therapeutic orientation does this exemplify? Select one: a. play therapy b. cognitive therapy c. psycho-dynamic psychotherapy d. non-directive therapy
b. cognitive therapy
Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a _____. Select one: a. confirmation preference b. confirmation bias c. confirmation preconception d. confirmation prejudice
b. confirmation bias
Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a _____. Select one: a. fundamental attitude shift b. fundamental attribution error c. central attitude shift d. central attribution error Feedback
b. fundamental attribution error
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician? Select one: a. structural family therapy b. group therapy c. strategic family therapy d. couple therapy
b. group therapy
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? Select one: a. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks b. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds c. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood d. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance
b. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) _____. Select one: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. phobia c. psychosis d. mood disorder
b. phobia
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? Select one: a. major depressive disorder b. schizophrenia c. anxiety disorder d. borderline personality disorder
b. schizophrenia
Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism? Select one: a. teaching children to avoid situations that might lead them to witness racism b. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism c. teaching children to conform to social expectations that discourage racism in public but ignore racism in private d. teaching children to ignore racism until we have eliminated racism from our society
b. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism
Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy? Select one: a. telling blue-eyed people they are unattractive, then feeling bad and complimenting people with blue eyes to avoid feeling guilty b. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort c. telling people you hate boy bands, then taking your child to a boy band fan club meeting d. telling your spouse you hate his cooking, then taking over the cooking yourself to avoid food poisoning
b. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort
Which of the following quotes best describes the relationship between sensation and perception? Select one: a. "I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination." (Jimmy Dean) b. "There are many ways of going forward, but only one way of standing still." (Franklin D. Roosevelt) c. "The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend" (Henri Bergson). d. "Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do." (Pele)
c. "The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend" (Henri Bergson).
Anti-psychotic medicines were first introduced in _____. Select one: a. 1960 b. 1933 c. 1954 d. 1850
c. 1954
In the initial period of learning, _____ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. Select one: a. Neutral stimulate b. Extinction c. Acquisition d. Conditioning
c. Acquisition
Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that _____ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry. Select one: a. Extinction b. Stimulation c. Acquisition d. Secondary conditioning
c. Acquisition
If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior _____. Select one: a. After dreaming about having a fight with their parents b. After seeing a television character being punished for taking violent action against another character c. After seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character d. After dreaming they were on television
c. After seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character
Why is confidentiality especially important between a patient and a mental health professional? Select one: a. The patient wants to avoid any stigma associated with a mental health diagnosis. b. The patient needs to trust the professional. c. All of the answers are correct d. The patient is entitled to confidentiality under the HIPPA Act of 1996.
c. All of the answers are correct
Structuralism can be defined as the study of the elements of consciousness. Which of the following is an example of Structuralism? Select one: a. An apple has feelings that need to be explored and understood. b. Seeing an apple in your dreams means that red is your favorite color. c. An apple is red, crisp, hard and sweet. d. An apple can be used as an award for good behavior.
c. An apple is red, crisp, hard and sweet.
The Helsinki psychotherapy study was one of several large long-term clinical trials of psychotherapies that have taken place. It proved that long-term psychotherapy offered the most success in treating _____. Select one: a. Phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Depression and bipolar disorder c. Anxiety and depression disorders d. Bipolar and Schizophrenic disorders
c. Anxiety and depression disorders
_____ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. Select one: a. Churches b. Hospitals c. Asylums d. Clinics
c. Asylums
What is the difference between monocular and binocular depth cues? Select one: a. Neither choice is correct b. Binocular cues require both eyes to be seen. c. Both choices are correct d. Monocular cues only need one eye to be perceived.
c. Both choices are correct
A problem-solving strategy in which an individual or group produces numerous ideas and evaluates them only after all ideas have been collected is called _____. Select one: a. Critiquing b. Convergent thinking c. Brainstorming d. Functional analysis
c. Brainstorming
The _____ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese. Select one: a. Asch effect b. Difference between bullying and cyberbullying c. Bystander effect d. Social exchange theory
c. Bystander effect
In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response. Select one: a. Response b. Stimulus c. Classical d. Operant
c. Classical
A Zulu tribesman wearing an impala skin headdress is not considered "abnormal" in Africa. This is an example of a _____ view of abnormality. Select one: a. Genetic b. None of the answers are correct c. Cultural d. Psychotic
c. Cultural
Which of the following experiments involves the use of observation learning theory? Select one: a. Blindfolding someone and timing her to see how long it takes her to determine what she is eating b. Rewarding a girl for finishing her homework with ice cream and counting how much homework she will complete before becoming sick of ice cream c. Determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting d. Pairing a puff of air to the eye with a handshake to see how long it will take someone to blink before offering her hand
c. Determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting
Statistics show that _____ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. Select one: a. 35% b. 60% c. 15% d. 26%
d. 26%
The following image is an example of what principle of perception? The image is public domain from Pixabay (opens in a new window). No attribution required [CC0 Creative Commons] (opens in a new window). Select one: a. Similarity b. Closure c.Figure-ground d. Proximity
c. Figure-ground https://scde-genius.mrooms.net/pluginfile.php/1739814/question/questiontext/7150133/23/73972085/Man%20playing%20sax%20or%20woman.png
Which of the following is the career best-suited for a psychologist interested in studying legal issues and criminal behavior? Select one: a. Clinical Psychologist b. Health Psychologist c. Forensic Psychologists d. Developmental Psychologist
c. Forensic Psychologists
Diagnosing a mental disorder is not an easy task due to: Select one: a. A poorly written DSM-5 b. Poorly educated doctors in this field c. Individual differences d. People who lie about their symptoms
c. Individual differences
Sometimes you must use both ______ and ________ in order to make an effective decision. Select one: a. Arguments ... reasoning b. Thoughts ... ideas c. Intuition ... reasoning d. Stubbornness ... "gut" feelings
c. Intuition ... reasoning
_____ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion. Select one: a. B.F. Skinner b. Ivan Pavlov c. John B. Watson d. Edward Thorndike
c. John B. Watson
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _____. Select one: a. Negative punishment b. Positive reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement d. Positive punishment
c. Negative reinforcement
Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans back slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this? Select one: a. Conditioning b. Classical c. Observational d. Operant
c. Observational
Sigmund Freud is best known for his belief that: Select one: a. Our current behavior is solely based on current experiences. b. Our dreams determine our personalities. c. Our behavior is often the result of experiences from our childhood. d. Our conscious thoughts portray our belief system.
c. Our behavior is often the result of experiences from our childhood.
Unit 2: Sensation and Perception Which of the following statements about perception is true? Select one: a. Sensation and perception have no relationship at all. b. Perception happens independently from sensation. c. Perception is formed based on information received through the senses. d. All the statements are true.
c. Perception is formed based on information received through the senses.
Ebbinghaus' Titchener circles are one of the most famous examples of a _____. Select one: a. Perceptual constancy b. Binocular cues c. Perceptual illusion d. Monocular cues
c. Perceptual illusion
The best example or representation of a concept is called a _____. Select one: a. Amalgamation b. Archetype c. Prototype d. Unification
c. Prototype
Which one of the following is NOT a type of Perceptual Constancy? Select one: a. Size b. Brightness c. Reflection d. Color
c. Reflection
Forgetting your old phone number after getting a new one is an example of _____. Select one: a. Hindsight bias b. Bottom-up processing c. Retroactive interference d. Proactive interference
c. Retroactive interference
You are at a party with hundreds of guests and you hear your name mentioned in a conversation across the room, this is an example of _____? Select one: a. Visual illusions b. Proximity c. Selective attention d. Retinal disparity
c. Selective attention
Based on what you know about decision making, answer the following question. You have a big project and you have a month in advance to complete it when should you start it? Select one: a. Start the project one week before its due. b. Start the project two weeks before its due. c. Start researching ideas and do a little bit of the project each day until your finished. d. Start by finding and copying a project from the Internet.
c. Start researching ideas and do a little bit of the project each day until your finished.
The word 'Psychoanalysis' refers to two related objects: The psychological theory of the mind developed by Freud and his followers; and The clinical practice developed by Freud and his followers in which their theory is applied to helping people, and from which they further developed the theory. Which of the following might a psychoanalytic psychologist do on a daily basis? Select one: a. Observe behavior in a park setting. b. Perform a group therapy session to allow patients to help each other. c. Talk to a client in a private setting about their thought, feelings, and dreams. d. Provide medication to help with sleeplessness.
c. Talk to a client in a private setting about their thought, feelings, and dreams.
Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory? Select one: a. Research has not supported either theory. b. The trichromatic theory is more accurate than the opponent-process theory. c. The theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system. d. The opponent-process theory is more accurate than the trichromatic theory.
c. The theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.
Labeling a person with a specific mental disorder can cause many problems for the individual in society. Which of the following is NOT an example of what can happen to a person diagnosed with a mental disorder? Select one: a. They may be discriminated against by others. b. They may be isolated or even treated violently by others. c. They may be locked away in an asylum against their will and treated as an outcast. d. They may be called "crazy" or "sick".
c. They may be locked away in an asylum against their will and treated as an outcast.
The Gilberts have a large family with 11 children. They need to pick a new car that will serve everyone, including 4 teenagers who are driving age or approaching it. Their criteria include safety, gas mileage, reliability, and seating for 14. They are following the rational decision-making process so that they can have a family discussion without heated words. What is their next step? Select one: a. Evaluate alternatives b. Select the best alternative c. Weight the decision criteria d. Identify the problem
c. Weight the decision criteria
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? Select one: a. When a dog refuses to play dead b. When a cat and a dog share the same water bowl c. When a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior d. When a cat learns to drool at the sound of a can opener
c. When a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior
Which founder of psychology is known for developing the first modern laboratory? Select one: a. B.F. Skinner b. Sigmund Freud c. William Wundt d. William James
c. William Wundt
Many studies cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants, but they ______. Select one: a. are possible to conduct using logical and intuitive options b. are not possible to conduct using empirical methods c. are possible to conduct using animals d. are possible to conduct using participants from prison populations
c. are possible to conduct using animals
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psycho-therapeutic orientation does this exemplify? Select one: a. psycho-dynamic psychotherapy b. aversive conditioning c. behavior therapy d. client-centered therapy
c. behavior therapy
Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called _____. Select one: a. aggressive discord b. peripheral dissension c. cognitive dissonance d. perceptive deception
c. cognitive dissonance
Ashley and Mikhail have been together for over 5 years and share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called _____. Select one: a. infatuation b. passionate c. compassionate d. romantic
c. compassionate
Unit 6: Psychological Disorders A psychological disorder is a _____. Select one: a. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors b. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings c. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors d. manifestation of a psychopathology
c. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Aversive conditioning is a _____. Select one: a. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior b. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors c. counter-conditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior d. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors
c. counter-conditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Unit 5: Sociocultural Interactions The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include _____. Select one: a. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion b. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics c. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition d. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes
c. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from _____. Select one: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. persistent depressive disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. free-floating anxiety disorder
c. generalized anxiety disorder
Unit 7: Treatment of Psychological Disorders During the Medieval Period, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was _____. Select one: a. a prophet b. in need of counseling c. possessed by demons d. about to die
c. possessed by demons
Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a _____ disorder. Select one: a. antisocial personality b. mood c. post traumatic stress d. schizotypal personality
c. post traumatic stress
Deinstitutionalization refers to the _____. Select one: a. medicalization of patients b. decriminalization of patients c. process of closing large asylums d. treatment of those on parole and probation
c. process of closing large asylums
_____ have over 85% of the 1,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. Select one: a. schools b. urban areas c. rural areas d. nursing homes
c. rural areas
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? Select one: a. anxiety b. bipolar c. schizophrenia d. personality
c. schizophrenia
One of the goals of groups like the National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI) and Mental Health America (MHA) is to remove the _____ of seeking treatment for mental illness. Select one: a. cost b. anxiety c. stigma d. time requirements
c. stigma
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? Select one: a. classical conditioning b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) c. voluntary d. involuntary
c. voluntary
Half of all mental conditions begin at age: Select one: a. 16 b. 35 c. 21 d. 14
d. 14
Which of the following statements is part of Thorndike's Law of Effect? Select one: a. Behaviors followed by reinforcements or punishments are equally likely to occur again in the future. b. Behaviors followed by punishments are more likely to occur again in the future. c. Behaviors caused by intrinsic motivation are more likely to lead to reinforcement. d. Behaviors followed by reinforcements are more likely to occur again in the future.
d. Behaviors followed by reinforcements are more likely to occur again in the future.
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? Select one: a. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders b. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders c. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
You would be more likely to agree to a surgery with a 50% success rate than a 50% failure rate. What psychological concept illustrates this concept? Select one: a. Confirmation bias b. Hindsight bias c. Algorithms d. Framing effect
d. Framing effect
The tendency people have to view events as more predictable than they really are based on past information is called _____. Select one: a. Confirmation bias b. Counterfactual thinking c. Framing d. Hindsight bias
d. Hindsight bias
What is the main point of the discussion of Milgram's obedience study? Select one: a. Milgram was unethical. b. The Milgram study could never be repeated again because too many people know about it. c. Groups will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. d. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
d. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
According to Professor Sara J. Shettleworth, animals are capable of _____? Select one: a. Automatic behaviors b. Rage and sadness c. Impulsive behaviors d. Insight
d. Insight
Receiving early treatment for a psychological disorder: Select one: a. Is not an important step toward living a normal life b. Is only possible when the patient is admitted to a hospital c. Is not possible with most mental disorders d. Is a helpful step toward live a more stable and fulfilling life
d. Is a helpful step toward live a more stable and fulfilling life
Which of the founders would have said that little Johnny's behavior of tearing up his sister's dolls was influenced ONLY by learned actions within his environment? Select one: a. William James b. WIlliam Wundt c. Carl Rogers d. John Watson
d. John Watson
Felix is riding his bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusting to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called _____. Select one: a. Olfaction b. Nociception c. Thermoception d. Kinesthesia
d. Kinesthesia
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Senses? Select one: a. Touch b. Vision c. Smell d. Perception
d. Perception
You are at a party and someone offers you an illegal drug. Which of the following examples show the BEST use of good judgment? Select one: a. Telling all your friends about it and offering them some. b. None of these examples show good judgement. c. Taking the substance from your friend and just putting it in your pocket. d. Politely refusing the substance and leaving the party.
d. Politely refusing the substance and leaving the party.
A robin is judged to be a better example of a bird than some others, a parrot or flamingo, for example. Therefore, a robin would be considered a(n) _______ of birds. Select one: a. Ideal b. Imprint c. Reciprocal d. Prototype
d. Prototype
In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior? Select one: a. Extinction b. Acquisition c. Recovery d. Punishment
d. Punishment
Which of the following is an example of observational learning? Select one: a. Your brother refusing to play with you b. Learning to speak Spanish by attending Spanish class c. Your father teaching you how to write by holding your hand as you form the letters d. Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park
d. Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park
Which of the following statements about the "aha" moment is NOT correct? Select one: a. Solving some problems requires us to "think outside the box." b. The "aha" moment is the same thing as insight. c. The "aha" moment usually happens suddenly. d. The "aha" moment occurs immediately upon solving a problem with no repeated failures or attempts.
d. The "aha" moment occurs immediately upon solving a problem with no repeated failures or attempts.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Neuropathic pain is pain from damage to neurons of either the brain or central nervous system." Select one: a. The word "central" should be changed to the word "middle." b. The word "neuropathic" should be changed to the word "neurosympathetic." c. The word "neurons" should be changed to the word "protons." d. The word "brain" should be changed to the word "peripheral."
d. The word "brain" should be changed to the word "peripheral."
Which underlined word should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A prototype is a category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences." Select one: a. The word "category" should be changed to the word "type." b. The words "objects" and "ideas" should be eliminated. c. The word "linguistic" should be changed to the word "emotional." d. The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept."
d. The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept."
Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false? Select one: a. They are located in a mucous membrane at the top of the nose. b. They have small, hair-like extensions. c. They are cells. d. They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.
d. They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.
Unit 3: Thinking About Thinking From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means _____. Select one: a. Determining b. Processing c. Understanding d. Thinking
d. Thinking
Which statement best describes correlational research? Select one: a. This method uses a control and an experimental group in which the variables are manipulated by the researchers. b. A case study is one example of correlational research. c. Correlation equals causation. d. This type of research cannot prove that one variable causes the other, but it can show a relationship. This relationship is called a correlation.
d. This type of research cannot prove that one variable causes the other, but it can show a relationship. This relationship is called a correlation.
Thorndike is best known for the experiments where he _____. Select one: a. Used dogs in cages to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior b. Used dogs in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on development c. Used cats in cages to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on development d. Used cats in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
d. Used cats in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
When should you use good judgment? Select one: a. When problem solving b. When making decisions c. When analyzing d. When doing all of these answers
d. When doing all of these answers
Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of _____. Select one: a. mood stabilizers b. anti-anxiety agents c. anti-psychotics d. antidepressants
d. antidepressants
The belief that you _____ is an example of a delusion. Select one: a. can quit smoking b. love your parents c. will be arrested if you commit a crime d. can perform miracles
d. can perform miracles
What is the goal of humanistic therapy? Select one: a. treating a client's fear or anxiety b. learning a new response to a stimulus c. helping clients change undesirable behaviors d. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
d. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week, she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing _____. Select one: a. flight of ideas b. body dysmorphia c. rapid cycling d. mania
d. mania
People with _____ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. Select one: a. anxiety b. personality c. phobia d. obsessive-compulsive
d. obsessive-compulsive