UPDATED ELECTRICITY (WITH JAMIE STUFF)
Why don't we get a static electric shock every time we touch a surface?
Because, most of the time, positive and negative charges are balanced.
What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains electrons?
It becomes negatively charged
What happens to the charge of an atom when it loses electrons?
It becomes positively charged
Examples of static electricity
Sweater Door knob Hair standing up on end Balloon
Lightening is an example of electric discharge (true or false)
TRUE
Lightning rods are connected to Earth by conductors (true or false)
TRUE
When you lose static electricity, it is called electric discharge (true or false)
TRUE
When using induction to charge and object, the objects do not touch. True or False
TRUE. The objects are NEAR each other
Electricity
When the electrons move from one place to another
how does electric field impact charge
a charged object in the electric field of another charged object is attracted to replied by the electric force acting on it.
electroscope
a glass flask that has a metal rod in its rubber stopper. two metal leaves are attached to the bottom of the rod.
What is an insulator?
a material in which charges CANNOT MOVE EASILY.
what is an electrical CONDUCTOR?
a material in which charges move EASILY. example: most metals like copper, aluminum and mercury
what is a lightning rod?
a pointed rod connected to the ground by a wire. they are often mounted so they are the tallest point on a building. they are joined to the earth by a conductor like a wire so they are grounded.
if the positive and negative charges of an atom cancel each other out, how any anything made of atoms become charged?
an object becomes negatively charged when it gain electrons. objects can become charged by friction, conductions and induction.
why are charged things affected by electric force?
because charged things have an electric field around them.
why are electrical cords made of different materials (like metal or plastic)?
because electric charges move through some materials more easily than they move through others.
why don't insulators conduct charges very well?
because electrons CANNOT flow freely. electrons are tightly held in the atoms of the insulator.
Why do you sometimes get a shock when you touch something on a dry day?
because of static electricity.
why do clothes taken from the drier sometimes stick together?
because of static electricity.
why does lightning usually strike at the highest point in a charged area?
because that point provides the shortest path for the charges to reach the ground. anything that sticks up in an open area like people and trees are at risk of being struck by lightning. if a person stands under a tree, the charges from lightning that struck the tree can jump to the person's body.
why do charges move through conductors easily?
because the electrons are free to move.
why are lightning rods used?
because they are grounded so they provide a path for electric charges to move to earth. the lightning rod can give up or absorb charges without being damaged. the lightning is carried safely to earth through the rod's wire. it prevents damage to the building.
why do protons and electrons attract to each other?
because they have opposite charges
why is it important that protons and electrons attract to each other?
because without this attraction, electrons could not be held in atoms.
if charges are not created or destroyed when you charge something, what happens?
electrons just move from one atom to another which makes areas that have different charges. charge is said to be CONSERVED.
what are three ways of changing an atom?
friction conduction induction
why are some things considered conductors while others are considered insulators?
it is based on how easily charges move through them.
what is the most dramatic effect of electric discharge?
lightning.
What does the law of electric charges state?
like charges repel, or push away, and opposite charges attract (pull together)
where does most lightening happen?
most lightning happens within and between clouds.
what charge do electrons have?
negative charge
can electroscope tell is an object's charge is negative or positive?
no - it can only tell that there is a charge but not what type.
When you charge something by any method, are charges created or destroyed?
no - the number of electrons and protons stay the same. This is called CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
do atoms have a charge
no because the atom's positive and negative charges cancel each other out.
what does static mean?
not moving
What kind of property is charge?
physical property
what materials are insulators?
plastic, rubber, glass, wood and air
what charge do protons have?
positive charge
What kinds of charges do objects have?
positive, negative, or no charge
How do protons, neutrons and electrons differ?
protons and electrons are charged particles and neutrons are not
What 3 particles make up an atom?
protons, neutrons and electrons
how does electric discharge occur?
sometimes slowly (ex. when your clothes separate on their own because their electric charges move to water molecules in the air). sometimes quickly (ex. with a flash of light, a shock, or a crackling noise - example - when you wear rubber soled shoes and walk on carpet and negative charges build up on your body. then, when you touch the metal door handle, the negative charge jumps quickly to the doorknob and you get a shock.)
why does the object with state electricity keep their charge?
the charges do not move away form the object that they are in so the object keeps its charge.
When you charge an object by friction, what are you doing with the electrons?
"Wiping them off"
in an electric force, what does the size of the electric force depend on?
1. the amount of charge on each object (the greater the charge is the greater the electric force is) 2. the distance between the charges (the closer together the charges are, the greater the electric force is)
how does static electricity work with your clothes?
the clothes are charged by friction as they rub against each other in the dryer. as the clothes tumble, negative charges are lost by some clothes build up on other clothes. when the dryer stops, the transfer of charges also stops. because the clothing is an insulator, the built up electric charges stay on each piece of clothing. the result of this buildup of charges is static cling.
what is static electricity?
the electric charge at rest on an object.
what is an electric force?
the force of attraction or repulsion on a charged particle that is due to an electric field
what is an electric field?
the region around a charged object in which and electric force is exerted on another charged object.
what is electric discharge?
the release of electricity stored in a source. the loss of static electricity.
how are the number of protons and electrons in an atom related?
they are equal in number
how do charged objects interact?
they exert a force (a push or a pull) on other charged objects
what do insulators do?
they prevent charges from leaving the wire and protect you from electric shocks. that is why wires are often covered with insulators.
how do the charges of static electricity on an object eventually leave the object?
through electric discharge
What is matter made up of?
very small particles called atoms
how does lightning form through a buildup of static electricity?
water droplets, ice and air move inside the storm cloud. as a result, negative charges build up at the bottom of the cloud and positive charges often build up at the top. then, negative charges at the bottom may induce positive charge on the ground. the large charge difference causes a rapid electric discharge called lightning.
How does an object get charged by induction?
when charges in an uncharged metal object are rearranged without direct contact with another charged object. (example: when you hold a metal object near a positively charged object. the electrons in the metal are attracted to and move toward the positively charged object. this movement causes (or induces) an area of negative charge on the surface of the metal).
how does an electroscope work?
when the electroscope is NOT CHARGED, the leave hang STRAIGHT DOWN. when the electroscope IS CHARGED, the leaves SPREAD APART because they are repelling each other.
what are conductors used to make?
wires
What can you use to determine whether or not something is charged?
you can use a device called an electroscope.
True or False The strength of electric force depends on the distance and amount of charge.
True
How do objects become charged by friction?
Electrons are "wiped" from one object to another. (think about rubbing one thing on another - when you rub a ruler again cloth, the ruler gains elections and becomes negatively charged, and the cloth loses electrons and becomes positively charged).
How does an object get charged by conduction?
Electrons move from one object to another by direct contact (example: when you touch an uncharged piece of metal with a positively chard glass rod. electrons from the metal will move to the glass rod. the metal loses electrons and becomes positively charged).
True or false A conductor does not allow electrons to flow easily.
FALSE
When charges are moving, it is called static electricity. True or false
FALSE
Non conductors
Materials that electrons do not flow through easily
Conductors
Materials that electrons flow through easily. Examples-Metals
Is static electricity harmful?
No
What kind of charge can objects have?
Positive, negative or neutral
What is static electricity?
The imbalance between positive and negative charges in an object. Must have a build up of electrons on a surface.
What happens when a charged object touches a second uncharged object?
The second object becomes charged due to CONDUCTION
