upper limb Q

Elbow tendonitis (tennis elbow) is associated with: A) inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. B) inflammation of the medial collateral ligament. C) inflammation of the annular ligament. D) rupture of the tendon of the extensor digitorum. E) transient subluxation of the humero-radial-ulnar joint.

A) inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

An intramuscular injection into the buttocks is most safely done: A) into the superolateral quadrant. B) into the superomedial quadrant. C) into the inferolateral quadrant. D) into the inferomedial quadrant. E) centrally.

A) into the superolateral quadrant.

The cervicoaxillary canal: A) forms the base of the axilla. B) is bounded by the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula. C) conducts the subclavian artery. D) leads to the quadrangular space. E) is occluded in a shoulder dislocation.

B) is bounded by the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula.

In the following radiograph of the hip, the arrow points to the: A) greater trochanter. B) lesser trochanter. C) ischial spine. D) quadrate tubercle. E) femoral neck.

B) lesser trochanter.

ollowing a left radical mastectomy, a woman is unable to abduct her arm more than 90 degrees. Which of the following structures do you suspect was injured during the surgical procedure? A) dorsal scapular nerve B) long thoracic nerve C) suprascapular nerve D) serratus posterior superior muscle E) rotator cuff component of the shoulder joint capsule

B) long thoracic nerve

In the following coronal MRI of the ankle joint, the arrow points to the: A) plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. B) medial (deltoid) ligament. C) long plantar ligament. D) abductor hallucis longus. E) flexor hallucis longus.

B) medial (deltoid) ligament.

Following an avulsion fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus, the humerus would primarily be: A) laterally rotated. B) medially rotated. C) abducted. D) flexed. E) extended.

B) medially rotated.

n the following lateral view photograph of the area surrounding the knee, the arrow indicates the skin contour raised by the: A) semitendinosus. B) vastus lateralis. C) biceps femoris. D) lateral head of gastrocnemius. E) adductor magnus.

C) biceps femoris.

The nerve most likely to be injured in a glenohumeral joint dislocation is the: A) radial. B) medial. C) ulnar. D) axillary. E) supraclavicular.

D) axillary.

The arrow in the following radiograph points to the: A) clavicle. B) acromion process. C) coracoid process. D) superior angle of scapula. E) superior part of glenoid fossa.

B) acromion process.

the hip joint is an ellipsoid (condyloid) joint which is a modified ball and socket joint t/f

FALSE

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the supraspinatus muscle? A) It is innervated by a nerve that also supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral surface of the proximal arm. B) It initiates the process of abduction of the arm. C) It is associated with painful abduction when the subacromial bursa is inflamed. D) It is one of four muscles comprising the rotator cuff. E) During arm abduction against resistance, the muscle can be palpated.

A) It is innervated by a nerve that also supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral surface of the proximal arm.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral canal? A) It is the passageway by which the external iliac vessels enter the thigh. B) its abdominal opening is termed the femoral ring C) It contains lymph vessels. D) It is bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament. E) It usually transmits a femoral hernia.

A) It is the passageway by which the external iliac vessels enter the thigh.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the great saphenous vein? A) It passes posterior to the medial malleolus. B) It passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur. C) It drains into the femoral vein. D) It has a nearly uniform diameter because blood is shunted to deeper veins. E) It traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata.

A) It passes posterior to the medial malleolus.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the knee joint? A) The knee joint consists of four articulations, two femoral-tibial articulations, one femoral-patellar articulation, and one tibial-fibular articulation. B) Flexion of the joint from a fully extended position with the foot on the ground requires an initial lateral femoral rotation that is produced by the popliteus. C) The joint is supplied with blood via branches of the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial recurrent, and circumflex fibular arteries. D) The joint is innervated via branches of the femoral and sciatic nerves. E) The posterior cruciate ligament attaches to the intercondylar area of the tibia and the medial femoral condyle.

A) The knee joint consists of four articulations, two femoral-tibial articulations, one femoral-patellar articulation, and one tibial-fibular articulation.

Which of the following is correct pertaining to the interossei and lumbrical muscles of the hand? A) The palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, and lumbricals together can produce flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints. B) The palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, and lumbricals together can produce extension at the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the interphalangeal joints. C) The palmar and dorsal interossei produce abduction of the fingers, whereas the lumbricals can produce adduction. D) The palmar interossei and lumbricals can produce adduction of the fingers, whereas the dorsal interossei can produce abduction. E) The dorsal interossei and lumbricals can produce abduction of the fingers, whereas the palmar interossei can produce adduction.

A) The palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, and lumbricals together can produce flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to human locomotion? A) The stance phase of walking begins with "foot-flat" as the entire plantar surface of the foot contacts the ground. B) The stance phase of walking is longer than the swing phase. C) During walking there is a period when both feet are in contact with the ground. D) The push-off phase of walking is associated with contraction of the plantar flexors. E) The knee extensors contract during the first part of the stance phase.

A) The stance phase of walking begins with "foot-flat" as the entire plantar surface of the foot contacts the ground.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the hamstrings? A) They all attach to the tibia. B) They all attach to the ischial tuberosity. C) They all can produce both hip extension and knee flexion. D) One of them is partially innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve. E) One of them is part of the "pes anserinus."

A) They all attach to the tibia.

The talus articulates with all of the following bones except: A) cuboid. B) navicular. C) calcaneus. D) tibia. E) fibula.

A) cuboid.

To palpate the pulse in the posterior tibial artery, you should have the patient: A) invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneal tendon. B) invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the lateral malleolus and the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon. C) invert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the middle of the leg. D) evert his foot and place your finger between the fibularis longus and brevis. E) evert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the foot.

A) invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneal tendon.

The sternoclavicular joint: A) is less likely to dislocate than the clavicle is to fracture in falls on the outstretched hand. B) is a symphysis. C) can ankylose (stiffen) without causing significant loss in shoulder mobility. D) is dependent on muscles for its integrity. E) involves the clavicle, sternum, and first two costal cartilages.

A) is less likely to dislocate than the clavicle is to fracture in falls on the outstretched hand.

In the following radiograph of the foot, the arrow points to the: A) navicular. B) cuboid. C) medial cuneiform. D) talus. E) first metatarsal.

A) navicular.

n the following axial MRI at the level of the hip joint, the red arrow points to the: A) obturator internus. B) piriformis. C) gluteus medius. D) levator ani. E) quadratus femoris.

A) obturator internus.

Which of the following associations pertaining to the brachial plexus is incorrect? A) pre-fixed brachial plexus—compression of inferior trunk by 1st rib B) wounds in the posterior triangle of the neck—brachial plexus injuries C) acute brachial plexus neuritis—severe onset of shoulder pain D) hyperabduction syndrome—paresthesia E) inferior brachial plexus injuries—clawhand

A) pre-fixed brachial plexus—compression of inferior trunk by 1st rib

The trapezius can perform all of the following functions except: A) protract the scapula. B) retract the scapula. C) elevate the scapula. D) depress the scapula. E) rotate the scapula.

A) protract the scapula.

In the following illustration of the plantar surface of a foot, the area of skin referred to by number 1(light green area) is innervated by the: A) saphenous nerve. B) medial plantar nerve. C) sural nerve. D) superficial fibular nerve. E) deep fibular nerve.

A) saphenous nerve.

In the following radiograph of the wrist, the arrow points to the: A) scaphoid. B) lunate. C) pisiform. D) articular disc. E) capitate.

A) scaphoid.

You examine a patient after an automobile accident that resulted in a posterior dislocation of the hip joint. Which nerve are you most concerned might have been injured by such an accident? A) sciatic B) femoral C) obturator D) lumbosacral trunk E) pelvic splanchnic

A) sciatic

The abnormal condition shown in the following photograph is associated with paralysis of the: A) serratus anterior. B) rhomboids. C) latissimus dorsi. D) serratus posterior superior. E) subscapularis.

A) serratus anterior.

Which of the following reasons best explains why it is easier to do a "chin-up" (hands supinated) than a "pull-up" (hands pronated)? A) Because the brachialis is a less-effective elbow flexor in the pronated position. B) Because the biceps is a less-effective flexor in the pronated position. C) Because the brachioradialis is a less-effective flexor in the pronated position. D) Because the long digital flexors can better assist with elbow flexion in the supinated position. E) Because the humero-radial-ulnar joint is better aligned in the supinated position.

B) Because the biceps is a less-effective flexor in the pronated position.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the plantar aponeurosis? A) It is part of the superficial fascia of the sole of the foot. B) It attaches to the calcaneus. C) It becomes continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths of the toes. D) When inflamed and painful it produces a condition called plantar fascitis. E) It functions as a ligament supporting the longitudinal arches of the foot.

B) It attaches to the calcaneus.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon? A) It is the common distal attachment of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. B) It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament. C) It is used to test S1and S2 nerve function. D) It is separated from the superior part of the posterior surface of the calcaneus by a bursa. E) It spirals while passing inferiorly to its attachment on the calcaneus.

B) It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the dorsalis pedis artery? A) The absence of the dorsalis pedis pulse in an otherwise healthy adult suggests an enlargement of the patient's perforating fibular artery. B) It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum. C) It supplements the arterial supply to the plantar surface of the foot. D) It gives rise to the arcuate artery. E) It runs between the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons on the dorsum of the foot.

B) It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to carpal tunnel syndrome? A) It may involve weakness in the thenar muscles. B) It may involve anesthesia of the central palm. C) It may involve paresthesia in the lateral 3½ digits. D) It may be caused by inflammation of the synovial sheaths of the flexor tendons. E) Surgical transection of the flexor retinaculum typically relieves its associated symptoms.

B) It may involve anesthesia of the central palm.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the foot joints and ligaments? A) The anatomical subtalar joint is between the posterior articular facet of the calcaneus and the talus. B) The transverse tarsal joint is the anatomical joint between the talus, navicular, and calcaneus. C) The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) supports the head of the talus. D) The long plantar ligament attaches to the calcaneus and cuboid. E) The long plantar ligament supports the longitudinal arches of the foot.

B) The transverse tarsal joint is the anatomical joint between the talus, navicular, and calcaneus.

The adductor canal is: A) an opening in the adductor magnus muscle. B) a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels. C) the space between the adductor longus and brevis that transmits the anterior divisions of the obturator vessels. D) the passageway used by the obturator internus muscle to exit the pelvis. E) the passageway used by the obturator externus muscle to reach the greater trochanter.

B) a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels.

You examine a baseball pitcher who complains of weakened elbow flexion and has a rounded soft protuberance on the anterior surface of the distal part of his arm. Your most likely diagnosis is: A) a damaged musculocutaneous nerve in association with a "pulling" of the coracobrachialis. B) a ruptured long head of biceps tendon. C) a ruptured short head of biceps tendon. D) a ruptured brachialis tendon. E) an elbow dislocation.

B) a ruptured long head of biceps tendon.

Coxa vara refers to: A) an abnormal decrease in the angle between the shaft of the femur and the tibia. B) an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft (angle of inclination). C) an abnormally short distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the center of the acetabulum. D) an abnormally short distance between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter. E) an abnormally short femur.

B) an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft (angle of inclination).

In the following popliteal arteriogram, the arrow points to the: A) popliteal artery. B) anterior tibial artery. C) fibular artery. D) medial genicular artery. E) fibular recurrent artery.

B) anterior tibial artery.

A laceration of the thenar eminence that results in complete section of the recurrent branch of the median nerve would result in: A) claw hand. B) ape hand. C) loss of all ability to abduct the thumb. D) loss of all ability to adduct the thumb. E) loss of all ability to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.

B) ape hand.

The arches of the foot: A) are primarily supported by muscle contraction. B) assist in propulsion. C) involve the phalanges. D) are all aligned longitudinally. E) all involve the talus.

B) assist in propulsion.

In the following radiograph, what muscle attaches at the location indicated by the arrow? A) brachialis B) biceps brachii C) pronator teres D) brachioradialis E) anconeus

B) biceps brachii

In the emergency room you see a 65-year-old woman who fell on her outstretched right hand while walking on ice. Upon examination of the right limb, you feel and see a dorsal protrusion just proximal to the wrist. You suspect a: A) fractured lunate. B) fractured distal radius (Colles fracture). C) mid-radial fracture. D) dislocated first carpometacarpal joint. E) dislocated midcarpal joint.

B) fractured distal radius (Colles fracture).

A saphenous cutdown refers to a skin incision associated with: A) removal of the saphenous vein for use in a coronary bypass procedure. B) insertion of a cannula into the vein at the ankle for prolonged administration of blood, drugs, etc. C) repair of a femoral hernia that traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. D) removal of a piece of saphenous nerve for use as a nerve graft. E) removal of the saphenous nerve because of severe pain along the medial side of the foot.

B) insertion of a cannula into the vein at the ankle for prolonged administration of blood, drugs, etc.

Opposition of the thumb: A) primarily involves rotation at the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint. B) primarily involves contraction of a muscle that lies deep to the abductor pollicis brevis. C) primarily involves contraction of a muscle that is innervated by the ulnar nerve. D) is a movement that requires lateral rotation of the thumb. E) is a movement that requires flexion of the thumb's interphalangeal joint.

B) primarily involves contraction of a muscle that lies deep to the abductor pollicis brevis.

You examine a patient with swelling in her femoral triangle. She also has varicose veins. Of the following choices, which is the most likely cause of the swelling? A) aneurysm of the femoral artery B) saphenous varix C) femoral nerve neuroma D) indirect inguinal hernia E) bursitis

B) saphenous varix

You examine a mildly obese sedentary patient who is complaining of pain in the distal two-thirds of her tibia after participating in a 10-mile walk for cerebral palsy. When you exert pressure on her tibialis anterior, she winces in pain. Your most likely diagnosis is: A) venous compression of the muscle due to inadequate venous return. B) shin splints. C) lymphedema due to sedentary lifestyle. D) anterior tibial artery hemorrhage. E) tibialis anterior atrophy.

B) shin splints.

Following a football injury, a patient complains of knee pain. To test the integrity of his anterior cruciate ligament, you would have him: A) lay supine and press posteriorly on his patella. B) sit with his leg flexed at the knee and pull anteriorly on his tibia. C) sit with his leg flexed at the knee and push posteriorly on his tibia. D) sit with his leg flexed at the knee and laterally rotate his leg. E) sit with his leg flexed at the knee and medially rotate his leg.

B) sit with his leg flexed at the knee and pull anteriorly on his tibia.

Which of the following associations is incorrect? A) hallux valgus—lateral deviation of the hallux B) talipes equinovarus—dorsiflexed ankle and toe C) claw toe—hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints D) hammertoe—usually affects second digit E) clubfoot—a foot that is twisted out of its normal orientation

B) talipes equinovarus—dorsiflexed ankle and toe

You examine a patient who is an avid bicycle rider. He complains of sensory loss on the medial side of his hands and you find some weakness in his intrinsic hand muscles, but not in any other muscle group. You suspect that: A) the patient used a hand posture that put excessive pressure on the superficial branch of his radial nerve. B) the patient used a hand posture that put excessive pressure on his ulnar nerve. C) repetitive wrist flexion and extension that occurred with braking caused swelling of the patient's long flexor tendons at the wrist. D) the patient's flexed trunk but extended neck posture during riding stressed his neck vertebrae so that osteophytes developed reducing the size of his C8/T1 intervertebral foramen. E) the patient probably has a cervical rib and that extended periods in the riding position resulted in inflammation around the nerves surrounding this structure.

B) the patient used a hand posture that put excessive pressure on his ulnar nerve.

In the following radiograph of the wrist of a 2.5-year-old child, the arrow points to the: A) scaphoid. B) trapezium. C) triquetrum. D) pisiform. E) epiphysis of the first metacarpal.

B) trapezium.

you are assisting in the emergency room when the attending physician examines a patient after an elbow injury. The physician holds the proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger and asks the patient to flex the distal phalanx. This procedure tests the functionality of what nerve? A) radial B) ulnar C) median D) posterior interosseous E) anterior interosseous

B) ulnar

in which of the following activities would the latissimus dorsi be least important? A) using the crawl stroke while swimming B) using the backstroke while swimming C) using the breaststroke while swimming D) performing a chin-up E) paddling a canoe

B) using the backstroke while swimming

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ankle joint (talocrural articulation)? A) It is a hinge type of synovial joint. B) It is more stable in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. C) A sprained ankle is typically an eversion injury. D) A Pott fracture is associated with ankle injury. E) Edema between the medial malleolus and calcaneus may cause compression of the tibial nerve and associated heel pain.

C) A sprained ankle is typically an eversion injury.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the axillary vein? A) If lacerated in the axilla, there is a risk of producing an air embolus. B) It is the vessel that is actually punctured in a typical "subclavian" vein puncture for catheter insertion. C) It lies deep to the axillary artery as the vessels cross the 1st rib. D) It is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins. E) It may receive blood from the inguinal region of the body.

C) It lies deep to the axillary artery as the vessels cross the 1st rib.

What is the clinical significance of a superficial ulnar artery? A) It often compresses the median nerve in the arm, producing paresthesia and muscle weakness. B) It is often pinched during elbow flexion, producing mild ischemia in the forearm muscles. C) Its superficial course in the cubital fossa results in it being mistakenly used for venipuncture. D) Its caliber is typically smaller than the normal ulnar artery and, under compromising situations, may be unable to provide sufficient blood to the hand. E) It accompanies the median nerve in the forearm and passes deep to the flexor retinaculum, resulting in hand ischemia in any patient suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome.

C) Its superficial course in the cubital fossa results in it being mistakenly used for venipuncture.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to venous or lymphatic drainage of the foot? A) The small saphenous vein begins from the lateral part of the dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein). B) Deep veins accompany all the arteries of the foot. C) Most of the blood from the foot drains via the deep veins. D) Inguinal lymphadenopathy, without popliteal lymphadenopathy, can result from infections along the medial border of the foot. E) Veins from the plantar surface of the foot drain toward the medial or lateral margins of the foot.

C) Most of the blood from the foot drains via the deep veins.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral triangle? A) The femoral sheath and its contents enter the triangle by passing posterior to the inguinal ligament. B) The femoral nerve enters the triangle by passing deep to the inguinal ligament. C) The iliopectineal arch forms the lateral boundary of the triangle. D) It contains lymph nodes. E) It can be viewed on the surface of the skin when the thigh is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated.

C) The iliopectineal arch forms the lateral boundary of the triangle.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to lymphatic drainage of the upper limb? A) The apical axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from all the other axillary groups. B) The axillary nodes may be enlarged in breast cancer. C) The left humeral (lateral) axillary nodes receive lymph from both upper limbs. D) Metastatic spread to the axillary nodes may require excision of part of the axillary vein. E) Removal of the axillary nodes may result in lymphedema of the upper limb.

C) The left humeral (lateral) axillary nodes receive lymph from both upper limbs.

In the emergency room you examine a young girl who is "protecting" her right upper limb by holding it while maintaining the elbow flexed and forearm pronated. The patient's father related that the patient was misbehaving as the school bus door opened and he inadvertently jerked her up by the hand to lift her onto the bus. You order a series of upper limb radiographs but are fairly certain the injury is: A) a ruptured biceps tendon. B) a ruptured pectoralis major tendon. C) a dislocated (subluxed) radial head. D) an avulsed lesser tubercle. E) an avulsed medial humeral condyle.

C) a dislocated (subluxed) radial head.

The ridge indicated by the arrow in the following photograph overlies the tendon of which of the following muscles? A) extensor pollicis longus B) extensor pollicis brevis C) abductor pollicis longus D) abductor pollicis brevis E) first dorsal interossei

C) abductor pollicis longus

You examine a patient with severe bruising on the anterolateral surface of his leg. The patient relates that he was severely kicked "in the shin" while playing soccer a few days ago. Besides the pain, the patient is complaining of weakness in ankle dorsiflexion. Your examination reveals a barely perceptible dorsalis pedis pulse. Which of the following is your most reasonable diagnosis? A) atrophy of the tibialis anterior B) lacerated deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery C) anterior compartment syndrome due to anterior tibial artery hemorrhage D) anterior compartment syndrome due to lymphatic swelling E) aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery with concomitant pressure on the nerve

C) anterior compartment syndrome due to anterior tibial artery hemorrhage

The medial meniscus is injured much more frequently than the lateral meniscus because it is: A) more mobile. B) thinner. C) attached to the tibial collateral ligament. D) attached to the popliteus. E) attached to the patella.

C) attached to the tibial collateral ligament.

In the following axial MRI through the distal third of the arm, the brachial artery is labeled number 1 (see thin leader line on image). What is the structure indicated by the arrow? A) ulnar artery B) radial nerve C) cephalic vein D) short head of biceps tendon E) basilic vein

C) cephalic vein

You observe a physician perform a muscle test by having the patient abduct her arm 90 degrees and move the arm forward against resistance. What muscle (or part of a muscle) is the physician testing? A) middle deltoid B) subscapularis C) clavicular head of pectoralis major D) sternocostal head of pectoralis major E) serratus anterior

C) clavicular head of pectoralis major

In the following angiogram of the wrist and hand, the arrow points to the: A) ulnar artery. B) radial artery. C) deep branch of the ulnar artery. D) superficial branch of the radial artery. E) princeps pollicis artery.

C) deep branch of the ulnar artery.

The ridge indicated by the arrow in the following photograph overlies the tendon of which of the following muscles? A) palmaris longus B) palmaris brevis C) flexor carpi radialis D) flexor digitorum superficialis E) abductor pollicis longus

C) flexor carpi radialis

You examine a young patient in the emergency room who is complaining of ankle pain following a soccer game. The patient demonstrates to you that an accident resulted in his foot being forced into an excessively inverted position. Based on this scenario, which of the following is the most likely injury? A) fractured talus B) fractured calcaneus C) fractured lateral malleolus D) tibial dislocation E) medial malleolar dislocation

C) fractured lateral malleolus

The iliotibial tract is the conjoint distal aponeurotic attachment of which of the following pairs of muscles? A) gluteus medius and minimus B) gluteus medius and maximus C) gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia lata D) the tensor of the fascia lata and rectus femoris E) rectus and biceps femoris

C) gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia lata

Genu valgum and genu varum refer to a knee that: A) can be hyper-rotated medially and laterally, respectively. B) can be hyperflexed and extended, respectively. C) has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively. D) can be displaced medially (because of a weak tibial collateral ligament) and laterally (because of a weak fibular collateral ligament), respectively. E) can be displaced posteriorly and anteriorly, respectively.

C) has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively.

you see a patient in the emergency room with a fibular neck fracture subsequent to an automobile accident. You are fearful that the patient may have severed his common fibular nerve. To determine this, you ask him to walk. Which of the following walking abnormalities would suggest that the nerve has been severed? A) excessive flexion of the knee at heel-strike B) shortened stance phase C) high-stepping (steppage) gait D) lack of balance (use of a cane) E) lack of effective hallux push-off

C) high-stepping (steppage) gait

Which of the following would not be associated with a complete section of the ulnar nerve at the wrist? A) inability to abduct the little finger B) inability to grasp a piece of paper between the extended 4th and 5th digits C) inability to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints of the 2nd digit D) clawhand E) loss of all sensation on the palmar aspect of the little finger

C) inability to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints of the 2nd digit

In the following coronal MRI of the hand, the arrow points to the: A) lumbrical. B) palmaris brevis. C) interossei. D) tendon of flexor digitorum profundus. E) tendon of extensor digitorum.

C) interossei.

The brachioradialis: A) has a tendon that passes deep to the flexor retinaculum. B) attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. C) is innervated by the radial nerve. D) acts at both the elbow and wrist joints. E) extends the elbow.

C) is innervated by the radial nerve.

The hip joint: A) exhibits complete contact between the head of the femur and acetabulum during normal standing. B) is strongly supported by the ligament of the head of the femur. C) is supported anteriorly and superiorly by the iliofemoral ligament, which prevents hyperextension. D) is supported posteriorly by the pubofemoral ligament, which prevents over-abduction. E) can be rotated more strongly medially than laterally.

C) is supported anteriorly and superiorly by the iliofemoral ligament, which prevents hyperextension.

While assisting in a surgery to repair the middle portion of a torn semitendinosus muscle, the surgeon points to an artery supplying that portion of the muscle and asks you to name it. You reply: A) deep artery of the thigh. B) superior gluteal artery. C) perforating artery. D) obturator artery. E) femoral artery.

C) perforating artery.

You examine a patient who is a carpet installer by profession. He complains of pain in his knee and has a swelling anterior to it. Which of the following is your most likely diagnosis? A) rupture of his patella tendon B) comminuted fracture of his patella C) prepatellar bursitis D) patellofemoral syndrome E) popliteal cyst

C) prepatellar bursitis

n the following axial MRI, the blue arrow points to the: A) iliopsoas B) rectus femoris C) sartorius D) gracilis E) iliotibial tract

C) sartorius

The tibialis posterior: A) everts the foot. B) attaches to the femur. C) supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. D) is an important swing phase muscle. E) is innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

C) supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

You examine a female patient with enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Upon further examination you cannot find any cutaneous or subcutaneous signs that would suggest an infection. Perplexed, you ask your colleague what else might cause this condition. She reminds you that these nodes also receive some lymph from the: A) liver via the falciform ligament. B) ovary via the suspensory ligament of the ovary. C) uterus via the round ligament of the uterus. D) bladder via vessels that accompany the urethra. E) vertebral column via posterior cluneal vessels.

C) uterus via the round ligament of the uterus.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the patella? A) It increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps femoris for extending the knee. B) Its apex indicates the level of the knee joint when the leg is extended. C) Pain felt deep to it may be associated with a condition known as chondromalacia patella. D) Because of the way it ossifies, the patella always fractures in at least four pieces. E) Testing of its associated tendon reflex is done with the patient sitting and legs "dangling."

D) Because of the way it ossifies, the patella always fractures in at least four pieces.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the wrist joint or wrist bones? A) Movements at the wrist joint proper (radiocarpal joint) are augmented by movements at the midcarpal and intercarpal joints. B) The joint involves the radius, articular disk, and all of the carpal bones in the proximal row except the pisiform. C) Branches of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves supply the joint. D) Fracture of the lunate is common in children and typically heals well because of multiple sources of blood. E) Fracture-separation of the distal radial epiphysis is common in children and typically heals well when reduced.

D) Fracture of the lunate is common in children and typically heals well because of multiple sources of blood.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the clavicle? A) It is attached via ligaments to the coracoid process. B) The superior surface is grooved for the subclavian artery. C) After a fracture, the medial segment is raised by the sternocleidomastoid muscle. D) Fractures are almost always accompanied by acromioclavicular dislocation. E) Patients with fractured clavicles typically need to support the ipsilateral upper limb with the contralateral one.

D) Fractures are almost always accompanied by acromioclavicular dislocation.

While on a neurology rotation, the attending physician asks you to test a patient's femoral nerve function. Which of the following would you do? A) Have the patient do a sit-up while you hold and resist his thigh. B) Have the patient rotate his thigh medially while you resist this movement. C) Have the patient extend his thigh against your resistance. D) Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance. E) Have the patient flex his knee against your resistance.

D) Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance.

Which of the following is not correct pertaining to the popliteal artery? A) It begins at the adductor hiatus. B) It is the continuation of the femoral artery. C) It can be ruptured by a dislocated knee. D) It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. E) It is located deep to the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa.

D) It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa.

Which of the following statements is incorrect pertaining to the extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles? A) When only the two muscles act together, wrist extension and abduction is produced. B) When the two muscles act with the extensor carpi ulnaris, only wrist extension is produced. C) When the two muscles act with the flexor carpi ulnaris, only wrist abduction is produced. D) One of the muscles is innervated by the ulnar and the other by the deep branch of the radial nerve. E) Both attach to the humerus.

D) One of the muscles is innervated by the ulnar and the other by the deep branch of the radial nerve.

Which of the following relationships at the wrist is incorrect? A) The median nerve lies deep to the tendon of the palmaris longus. B) The ulnar artery and nerve lie lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris. C) The radial artery can be compressed against the radius. D) The radial artery lies medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis. E) The scaphoid can be palpated in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

D) The radial artery lies medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the anatomic "snuffbox"? A) It is bounded anteriorly by the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. B) It is bounded posteriorly by the tendon of extensor pollicis longus. C) The radial artery traverses its floor. D) The superficial branch of the radial nerve emerges from it. E) The radial styloid process can be palpated within it.

D) The superficial branch of the radial nerve emerges from it.

You examine a young male patient whose shoulder was injured during a football game. You immediately notice that his acromion process is abnormally prominent and inferior to the acromial end of the clavicle. You diagnose: A) an anteriorly dislocated glenohumeral joint. B) a posteriorly dislocated glenohumeral joint. C) a dislocated acromioclavicular joint with intact coracoclavicular ligaments. D) a dislocated acromioclavicular joint with torn coracoclavicular ligaments. E) a torn rotator cuff.

D) a dislocated acromioclavicular joint with torn coracoclavicular ligaments.

What is the correct order of structures in the cubital fossa from lateral to medial? A) brachial artery, median nerve, biceps tendon B) brachial artery, biceps tendon, median nerve C) median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon D) biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve E) biceps tendon, median nerve, brachial artery

D) biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Following a knife wound to the neck, you notice that the medial border of a patient's left scapula is located further from the midline than that of his right scapula. The nerve most likely injured by the wound is the: A) long thoracic. B) thoracodorsal. C) suprascapular. D) dorsal scapular. E) spinal accessory.

D) dorsal scapular

Following an argument with his wife in which a man backed through a glass storm door resulting in deep laceration of his buttocks, he is having great difficulty walking. To better understand the nature of his disability, you ask him to stand on one foot. By doing so, you are doing all of the following except: A) using a Trendelenburg test. B) evaluating the function of the abductors of the thigh. C) evaluating the function of the gluteus medius and minimus. D) evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus. E) evaluating the function of the superior gluteal nerve.

D) evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus.

n the following photograph of a foot, the arrow points to a skin elevation caused by the tendon of the: A) extensor hallucis brevis. B) abductor digiti minimi. C) tibialis anterior. D) fibularis brevis. E) tibialis posterior.

D) fibularis brevis.

The piriformis muscle: A) is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. B) is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. C) attaches to the lesser trochanter. D) may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome. E) medially rotates the thigh.

D) may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome.

The part of the femur that is most susceptible to fracture in conjunction with osteoporosis is: A) mid-shaft. B) medial condyle. C) along the intertrochanteric line. D) neck. E) intercondylar area.

D) neck.

The cephalic vein: A) becomes the brachial vein. B) becomes the axillary vein. C) originates on the medial side of the dorsal venous network at the wrist. D) pierces the clavipectoral fascia. E) empties into the subclavian vein.

D) pierces the clavipectoral fascia.

You examine a patient with a horizontal, posterior, mid-humeral knife wound that reaches the bone. In addition to the muscular lesions, you expect the injury severed the: A) ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery. B) ulnar nerve and deep artery of the arm. C) radial nerve and humeral nutrient artery. D) radial nerve and deep artery of the arm. E) median nerve and brachial artery.

D) radial nerve and deep artery of the arm.

The most likely reason for avascular necrosis in an 80-year-old woman following hip fracture is that the: A) fracture included the head of the femur. B) fracture split the neck of the femur longitudinally. C) fracture included lacerating the transverse acetabular ligament. D) retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery were severed by the fracture. E) deep artery of the thigh was severed by the fracture.

D) retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery were severed by the fracture.

"Wrist-drop" is associated with: A) unopposed action of the lumbricals and interossei. B) rupture of the extensor digitorum. C) avulsion of the olecranon. D) section of the radial nerve at the mid-humeral level. E) section of the superficial branch of the radial nerve.

D) section of the radial nerve at the mid-humeral level.

You examine a patient who has a condition in which each time his index finger is flexed and extended, there is an audible "snap." Which of the following is the likely cause of this "trigger finger?" A) infection in the midpalmar space B) osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint C) carpal tunnel syndrome D) thickening of the fibrous digital sheath and swelling of the flexor tendons E) calcification of the origin of the lumbrical muscle

D) thickening of the fibrous digital sheath and swelling of the flexor tendons

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the scaphoid? A) It articulates with the radius. B) It is the most frequently fractured carpal bone. C) Fracture is accompanied by pain along the lateral side of the wrist. D) A complication associated with fracture is avascular necrosis. E) It attaches to the flexor retinaculum.

E) It attaches to the flexor retinaculum.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pronator quadratus? A) It is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. B) It is the prime mover for pronation. C) It initiates the movement of pronation. D) It helps maintain the integrity of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna when upward thrusts are transmitted through the wrist. E) It can be palpated by deeply pressing an index finger two-thirds of the proximal-distal length of the forearm, at the middle of its ventral surface.

E) It can be palpated by deeply pressing an index finger two-thirds of the proximal-distal length of the forearm, at the middle of its ventral surface.

Dupuytren contracture refers to: A) an abnormal spasticity in the flexor digitorum profundus tendons. B) an abnormal spasticity in the flexor pollicis longus tendons. C) a tightening of the flexor retinaculum that results in carpal tunnel syndrome. D) a tightening of the anterior skin of the hand, resulting in reduced mobility and an increase depth in the skin creases. E) a shortening and thickening of the palmar fascia of the hand, resulting in partial flexion of the digits.

E) a shortening and thickening of the palmar fascia of the hand, resulting in partial flexion of the digits.

Which of the following is not true of the fibularis longus, brevis, or tertius? A) innervated by deep fibular nerve B) resists inversion of the foot C) plantarflexes ankle D) attaches to the first metatarsal E) attaches to the calcaneus

E) attaches to the calcaneus

In the following axial MRI of the leg at mid-level, the arrow points to the: A) medial gastrocnemius. B) tibialis anterior. C) soleus. D) flexor digitorum longus. E) fibularis longus.

E) fibularis longus.

Your friend is diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis. You explain to him that this bursa is between the: A) iliopsoas tendon and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the neck of the femur. B) obturator externus and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the trochanter. C) gluteus maximus and medius at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing the muscles to move freely across one another. D) skin and the gluteus maximus at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing comfortable sitting by distributing forces across the trochanter. E) gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide over the trochanter.

E) gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide over the trochanter.

Which of the following would not be associated with a complete section of the median nerve at the elbow? A) inability to flex both the proximal and the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 3 B) atrophy of thenar eminence muscles C) greatly weakened pronation D) loss of sensation on the lateral aspect of the palmar surface of the hand E) loss of ability to adduct the thumb

E) loss of ability to adduct the thumb

Which of the following would conclusively demonstrate functionality of the deep fibular nerve? A) eversion of the foot B) inversion of the foot C) response to pin prick on the anteromedial surface of the middle of the leg D) response to pin prick on the foot at the level of the malleoli E) response to pin prick on the foot between the first and second toes

E) response to pin prick on the foot between the first and second toes

In the following MRI of the proximal forearm, the arrow points to the: A) brachioradialis. B) anconeus. C) extensor digitorum. D) flexor digitorum profundus. E) supinator.

E) supinator.

The surface elevation identified by the arrow in the following photograph is caused by which of the following muscles? A) subscapularis B) trapezius C) long head of triceps D) serratus anterior E) teres major

E) teres major

Scapulohumeral rhythm refers to: A) the changing articular configuration of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity with movement. B) the protective contractions of the rotator cuff muscles with humeral abduction. C) the protractive and retractive movements of the scapula that occur with humeral flexion and extension. D) the association between the movements at the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. E) the relationship between movements at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic "joints" during humeral abduction.

E) the relationship between movements at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic "joints" during humeral abduction.

In the emergency room you examine a patient who was thrown from a motorcycle in such a way that, upon landing, his neck and shoulder were widely separated. Which of the following would not be consistent with your suspicion that he is suffering from Erb-Duchenne palsy? A) medially rotated arm at rest B) weak shoulder abduction C) weak elbow flexion D) sensory loss on lateral aspect of arm E) weak digital flexion

E) weak digital flexion

skeletal muscle has a sheath around it which is technically a continuation of its tendon this sheath is called a. muscle belly tendon b. aponeurosis c. ligament d. fascia

b. aponeurosis

a synovial joint has a capsule this capsule is made out of a. muscle tendons b. dense fibrous connective tissue c. fascia d. aponeurosis

b. dense fibrous connective tissue

as you cut through the skin of your cadavers leg tyou reach the subcutaneous layer the next layer of tissue you encounter is a. tendons which form compartments b. fascia which form compartments c. aponeurosis which forms compartments d. all are true

b. fascia which form compartments

The hip joint is formed by these bone features a. pubic symphysis and less trochanter b. femoral head and acetabulum c. greater trochanter and acetabulum d. femoral head and ischial tuberosity

b. femoral head and acetabulum

This kind of movement occurs in ballet when dancers point their toes: a. dorsiflexion b. plantarflexion c. inversion d. eversion

b. plantarflexion

this condition is a sever form of arthritis that is an autoimmune attack against the joint tissue a. osteoarthritis b. rheumatoid arthritis c. gout d. hemophilic arthritis

b. rheumatoid arthritis

a sprained ankle is most often a results of this a. crushed talus b. torn calcaneofibular ligament c. fracture of fibular lateral malleolus d. fracture of tibial medial malleolus

b. torn calcaneofibular ligament

In some elderly, when a suture becomes ossified, two bones grow together to become a single bone. This is called a. syndesmosis b.synostosis c. synchondrosis d. gomphosis

b.synostosis

this ligament can be torn when the knee receives a blow to the anterior surface when it is hyper extended a. tibial collateral ligament b. fibular collateral ligament c. anterior cruciate ligament d. posterior cruciate ligament

c. anterior cruciate ligament

these typically run through the body together a. arteries and veins b. arteries and nerves c. veins and nerves d. arteries, veins, and nerves

d. arteries, veins, and nerves

This synovial joint is the most freely movable: a. hinge b. saddle c. gliding d. ball and socket

d. ball and socket

the ulnar collateral and radial collateral ligament are found in this joint a. knee b. shoulder c. hip d. elbow

d. elbow

your limbs develop from a. sclerotome b. dermatoma c. splanchnopleure d. somatopleure

d. somatopleure

this movement is produced at the knee joint a. flexion b. extension c. abduction d. adduction e. a and b

e. a and b