Urinary System

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: 1 - afferent arteriole 2 - arcuate artery 3 - interlobar artery 4 - renal artery 5 - glomerulus 6 - interlobular artery 7 - efferent arteriole 8 - peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is

4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8

Following is a list of components of the renal tubule system. 1 - ascending limb of nephron loop 2 - ureter 3 - distal convoluted tubule 4 - descending limb of nephron loop 5 - minor calyx 6 - proximal convoluted tubule 7 - papillary duct 8 - renal pelvis Choose the correct order of components through which the initial filtrate of urine flows from the renal corpuscle and is conducted to the urethra to be excreted as urine.

6-4-1-3-7-5-8-2

Urine ejection cannot occur unless which event(s) takes place?

Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are relaxed

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Kidney filtration will stop

Which is true regarding the general characteristics of normal urine?

Normal range of volume is 700 - 2000 mL/day

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

The ascending limb of the nephron loop is not permeable to water and solutes.

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?

The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal

The renal pyramid is

a conical-shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of ________ across the digestive tract with rates of ________ at the kidneys.

absorption; loss

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

ANP release is stimulated when

blood volume and blood pressure are too high

The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of

carbon dioxide

reabsorption of water and sodium ions

collecting duct

Regulation of the amounts of water, sodium ions, and potassium ions lost in the urine occurs between the nephron loop and the ________.

collecting system

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?

decreased glomerular filtration rate

reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of acids

distal convoluted

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

distal convoluted tubule

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting system is the

distal convoluted tubule

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called ________.

fluid shift

The cup-shaped chamber, or the expanded end of a nephron, is known as the

glomerular capsule

Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions?

glomerular filtration

Which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle?

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits

hilum

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

interstitial fluid

Major calyces are

large branches that combine to form the renal pelvis

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

less urine is produced

To achieve fluid balance, ion concentration gradients are eliminated by

osmosis

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of ________.

osmosis

conduction of urine to minor calyx

papillary duct

What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

prevent pH changes caused by organic (metabolic) acids

The kidneys

produce urine

The hormone ANP

promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries

reabsorption of ions, vitamins, water, and organic molecules

proximal convoluted

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

proximal convoluted tubule

Which of the following is aldosterone able to affect?

regulation of body fluid concentration along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation tubule

renal corpuscle

The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the

renal pelvis

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney

right; lower; left

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

sacral spinal cord

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

the cytosol

Regarding sodium balance, which is(are) the most important site(s) for regulating sodium ion losses?

the kidneys

The mechanism for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

the phosphate buffer system

Filtration is ________.

the process in which blood pressure forces fluid and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries and into the surrounding capsular space

The micturition reflex begins to function when

the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by

transitional epithelium

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

ureter

Organs of the urinary system that are actively involved with urine transport are the

urethra and ureters

Urine is temporarily stored by the

urinary bladder

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce

urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions