Urinary System
The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: 1 - afferent arteriole 2 - arcuate artery 3 - interlobar artery 4 - renal artery 5 - glomerulus 6 - interlobular artery 7 - efferent arteriole 8 - peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is
4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
Following is a list of components of the renal tubule system. 1 - ascending limb of nephron loop 2 - ureter 3 - distal convoluted tubule 4 - descending limb of nephron loop 5 - minor calyx 6 - proximal convoluted tubule 7 - papillary duct 8 - renal pelvis Choose the correct order of components through which the initial filtrate of urine flows from the renal corpuscle and is conducted to the urethra to be excreted as urine.
6-4-1-3-7-5-8-2
Urine ejection cannot occur unless which event(s) takes place?
Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are relaxed
Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?
Kidney filtration will stop
Which is true regarding the general characteristics of normal urine?
Normal range of volume is 700 - 2000 mL/day
Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?
The ascending limb of the nephron loop is not permeable to water and solutes.
Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?
The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal
The renal pyramid is
a conical-shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water
Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of ________ across the digestive tract with rates of ________ at the kidneys.
absorption; loss
Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?
active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins
ANP release is stimulated when
blood volume and blood pressure are too high
The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of
carbon dioxide
reabsorption of water and sodium ions
collecting duct
Regulation of the amounts of water, sodium ions, and potassium ions lost in the urine occurs between the nephron loop and the ________.
collecting system
The detrusor muscle
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra
Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?
decreased glomerular filtration rate
reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of acids
distal convoluted
ADH promotes increased water permeability of the
distal convoluted tubule
The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting system is the
distal convoluted tubule
Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called ________.
fluid shift
The cup-shaped chamber, or the expanded end of a nephron, is known as the
glomerular capsule
Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions?
glomerular filtration
Which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle?
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits
hilum
Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?
interstitial fluid
Major calyces are
large branches that combine to form the renal pelvis
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,
less urine is produced
To achieve fluid balance, ion concentration gradients are eliminated by
osmosis
Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of ________.
osmosis
conduction of urine to minor calyx
papillary duct
What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?
prevent pH changes caused by organic (metabolic) acids
The kidneys
produce urine
The hormone ANP
promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries
reabsorption of ions, vitamins, water, and organic molecules
proximal convoluted
Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the
proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is aldosterone able to affect?
regulation of body fluid concentration along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation tubule
renal corpuscle
The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the
renal pelvis
Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney
right; lower; left
The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the
sacral spinal cord
The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in
the cytosol
Regarding sodium balance, which is(are) the most important site(s) for regulating sodium ion losses?
the kidneys
The mechanism for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is
the phosphate buffer system
Filtration is ________.
the process in which blood pressure forces fluid and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries and into the surrounding capsular space
The micturition reflex begins to function when
the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by
transitional epithelium
Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?
ureter
Organs of the urinary system that are actively involved with urine transport are the
urethra and ureters
Urine is temporarily stored by the
urinary bladder
In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce
urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions