Urinary System

Kidneys 3 Main Functions

1.) Excretion - remove waste and toxins 2.) Osmoregulation - keep electrolytes (Na +K ) and water constant in body 3.) Secrete Hormones - from adrenal gland above kidney

Renal Artery

Branch from aorta that supplies the kidney with oxygenated blood

Site of the Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule*

Cortex

In which sections or section of the kidney is the urine formed?

Medulla

Site of Collecting Ducts and Loop of Henle*

Medulla Pyramids

What section of the kidney collects the urine?

Renal Pelvis

Suggest reasons why we can live with one kidney, but we are born with two.

The kidney can adjust to filter the amount of blood that two kidneys can. The nephrons can increase in size to handle more filtration. Some people are born with one and it gains the weight of what two kidneys would weigh.

If you stretched the nephrons in a kidney from end to end, they would be over 40 miles long! Explain how this structure directly relates to the function of the kidney.

The structure is the unit of the kidney. This is the unit which filters out waste from the blood and urine is produced. The nephron has a lot of surface area so it can clean fast and efficiently to filter our blood.

How does the urine move from the kidney out of the body?

The urine goes from the kidney, to the urenal pelvis, through the ureters, to the bladder, then through the urethra out of the body.

Urinary Bladder

a pouch where urine is stored prior to elimination

Urethra

a tube that releases urine from he body

Renal Vein

blood vessel exiting the kidney carrying filtered, oxygenated blood into the inferior vena cava.

Kidney

comes in a pair, sits near the spinal column, excretes waste of metabolism, consists of nephrons.

Medullary Pyramid

cone-shaped structure found in the medulla.

Calyx

cup like division found in the renal medulla. minor empty into major

Renal Capsule

dense, irregular connective tissue layer that protects the kidney and helps maintain its shape

Adrenal Glands

hormone producing glands located superior to the kidneys, has medulla and cortex

Renal Medulla

inner portion of the kidney. Site of separation of filtrate.

Renal Pelvis

large cavity that receives urine from major calyx, continuous with ureter

Renal Artery and Vein Location

near the pelvis. The renal vein

Renal Cortex

outer region of the kidney. Site of initial filtration of blood.

Order the following kidney structures to show the path of urine formation and its departure from the body: renal pelvis, glomerulus, ureter, renal artery, bladder, renal tubules (Loop of Henle and collecting ducts), calyx, urethra, Bowman's capsule

renal artery, glomerulus, bowman's capsule, renal tubules, calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

How will other body systems be affected if the kidneys begin to shut down? Explain your answer.

the circulatory system would shut down because it cant remove any of its wastes and toxins out of the body. Also the blood pressure would not be controlled which leads to all sorts of problems. The toxins in the blood will affect our muscular system and affect our digestive system.

Ureter

tube that connect the kidney to the urinary bladder