U.S. Government EHS
When did governments first begin to nationalize industries to maximize production and efficiency?
after World War II
When did the federal government decide to incorporate the Bill of Rights to the states?
after passage of the Fourteenth Amendment
The Patriot Act made it easier
all of these answers
Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of democracy?
all of these answers
Which of the following outcomes can be attributed to First and Second New Deals?
an increase in the federal regulation of the economy
The New Jersey plan called for
an unicameral legislature with one vote per state
Which of the following is the main difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism?
authoritarian governments do not control all social and economic institutions
What type of grants are provided by the federal government to state or local governments for use in a general purpose?
block grants
How did the Founding Fathers ensure that minority rights could be protected under majority rule?
by allowing citizens to change the majority through free and fair elections
All of the following are the central tenets of conservative ideology EXCEPT:
change
In American history, African Americans only achieved the full benefits of citizenship and enfranchisement after the:
civil Rights movement of the mid-20th century
Public opinion measures:
collective preferences about government and politics
Which one of the following is NOT a function of the National Security Council?
declare war and provide for the common defense of the nation
A political system in which citizens govern themselves either directly or indirectly is known as a(n)
democracy
Which of the following would American conservatives endorse and support?
deregulation and free enterprise
Which of the following has NOT been used as a Constitutional justification for the right to privacy?
"The Right to Privacy" by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis
What was Madison's dilemma, as outlined in Federalist 51?
A government can properly function under a system of "checks and balances."
Which of the following themes is outlined in the Declaration of Independence?
A sovereign should be forbidden from inflicting religious laws and punishments upon its citizens.
What is a government?
A system by which a state or community is controlled
Which Supreme Court case established Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Which Supreme Court case gave the federal government extensive power through the commerce clause?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Why do social groups shape individuals' partisan loyalties?
Homogeneous groups composed of friends and parents reinforce partisan loyalties
The president who advanced civil rights legislation more than any of his predecessors was
Lyndon Johnson
Where do most Hispanics in the United States come from?
Mexico
Which research tool has most improved the accuracy of public opinion research?
More sophisticated sampling techniques
Gallup polls are widely-known in public opinion research in the United States. Which of the following words best describes their reputation?
Objectivity
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the doctrine of "clear and present danger" when limiting freedom of expression?
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Which of the following was a major flaw in early public opinion research in the 20th century?
Self-selection bias
Which one of the following is the best example of the General Welfare clause?
Social Security and Medicare
What is a citizen?
Someone who is a legal member of a political community
Which of the following grounds, at least in part, the exclusionary rule?
The 5th Amendment's protection against deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process
What was the major flaw of the Articles of Confederation that led the founders to replace it with the Constitution?
The Articles of Confederation granted too much power to the states.
Which of the following was a major difference between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution in terms of the judicial system?
The Constitution established a separate judicial branch of the federal government.
How did the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution allow the Supreme Court to interpret civil rights law differently?
The Fourteenth Amendment empowered the Supreme Court to rule on whether a state law infringed upon the constitutional rights of a citizen without due process of law.
Which of the following was a period of heightened cooperation between the national state governments?
The New Deal era
Which of the following amendments gave women the right to vote in the United States?
The Nineteenth Amendment
Which of the following members of the House of Representatives serve in the executive committee of the National Republican Congressional Committee?
The Republican Caucus chairperson
Which of the following statements about the incorporation of the Bill of Rights is true?
The Supreme Court has gradually extended the Bill of Rights to the states.
Which of the following contributed to the development of a principle of judicial review?
The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison
The doctrine of "separate but equal" applied to all public facilities in the United States. Why were students segregated in schools?
The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson declared legal the separation of people according to race.
What officially freed all slaves after the Civil War?
The Thirteenth Amendment
Which of the following texts had a notable effect on the formation of the Eighth Amendment?
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
Why did members of the civil rights movement choose to engage in direct action strategies and tactics?
The court challenges to racial discrmination laws were not fast and expedient.
Which clause is not part of the Fourteenth Amendment?
The establishment clause
Which of the following best describes the difference between the three levels of moral development?
The preconventional stage stresses the senses, while the postconventional stage stresses moral ideals.
The Constitutional Convention plan that advocated a legislature with representation in both houses based on population or wealth was called the
Virginia Plan
Which of the following voting groups are least likely to vote for the Democratic Party?
Whites in the South
To secure ratification by the Anti-Federalists, the Federalists promised that the Constitution would include
a Bill of Rights
Montesquieu's influence on the Constitution can be detected in its commitment to
a system of checks and balances
Interest groups concerned with the public interest used these type of incentives or benefits:
express incentives
Which one of the following forms of speech is NOT protected by freedom of speech?
fighting words
Which of the following best describes the difference between grassroots lobbying and other forms of lobbying?
grassroots lobbying focuses on specific communities
Since the 1970s, affirmative action programs
have faced a number of legal challenges
Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of the two-party system?
it constrains the development of alternative political parties
Which of the following best describes the delegates tasked with drafting the Constitution?
most had taken part in the Revolution and some served in the Continental forces
The 14th Amendment does all of the following EXCEPT:
prohibits slavery
The 22nd Amendment contributes to the country's constitutionally limited government because it
prohibits the president from serving more than two terms
The "revolving door" is a metaphor used to describe what practice?
recently-retired Congressmen returning to Washington to lobby former colleagues
What was NOT one of the "3 Rs" on which the New Deal programs were focused?
regulation
What determines the strength of an interest group?
saliency of a particular issue
The most stringent level of the hierarchy of standards is
strict scrutiny
If police fail to offer Miranda warnings to an individual in custody,
that individual may still be interrogated but any statements obtained may not be used in a trial.
A conviction would be automatically reversed if the convicted were to demonstrate
that she was erroneously deprived of the counsel of her choice
What was the underlying political philosophy of the Articles of Confederation?
that the states should have more power than the central government
Complete the following sentence. In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall established:
the Supreme Court's power to declare acts of federal laws unconstitutional.
According to Locke in "The Second Treatise on Civil Government," where does government's legitimacy come from?
the consent of the governed
A method used by the U.S. government to socially classify blacks or any individual of African descent was called:
the one-drop rule
What are the two elements that characterize freedom of religion in the United States?
the prohibition of a state religion and the right of all citizens to practice their religion
Which one of the following best defines the discipline of political science?
the study of political behavior, governance, and power in decision making
Which of the following groups was specifically targeted for aid in the programs that comprised the First or Second New Deal?
the unemployed
The Constitution would allow an individual state
to refer to itself as a Commonwealth.
What was the goal of the famous march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, led by Dr. Martin Luther King?
to secure voting rights for African Americans
The Court's decision in Bakke
ultimately upheld the constitutionality of affirmative action programs
The warrantless surveillance program that was reviewed under public pressure in 2007 had been authorized by
executive order
In 2003, the Supreme Court upheld affirmative action as long as it does what?
Aims at diversity and includes race as one factor among many
The first major dispute over free speech occurred with the passage of the
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
What characterizes marble cake federalism?
All levels of government exercise some power over various issues.
Which of the following is considered to be an important agent of political socialization?
All of the answers
One of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation was
All of these answers
Which of the following best describe the problems with conducting online surveys?
All of these answers
One of the most significant laws passed in favor of rights for the disabled was the
Americans with Disabilities Act
According to George Mead's theory of the self, what occurs during the "play stage" of development?
Children play the role of others and "act out" their points of view
What did delegates at the Constitution Convention decide about slavery?
Congress could not regulate the foreign slave trade for several decades.
Each of the following contributed essays to the collection known as the Federalist Papers EXCEPT
John Marshall
Which of the following is not a type of federal aid given to state governments?
Dual federalism
Which of the following statements about different types of interest groups is correct?
Ideological interest groups usually advocate for one particular issue.
What does power source refer to in government?
Individuals and institutions that exercise governing authority
Which of the following groups were immigrating in the mid-1800s?
Irish
Which of the following is an argument in favor of federalism?
It allows states to experiment with different policies.
What does the paradox of participation state?
It is not rational to participate, yet people do.
What does an unfunded mandate do?
It requires states to do certain things without providing any money.
Which of the following best describes a representative sample?
It resembles the population as a whole.
Which of the following was a major difference between Jacksonian democracy and Jeffersonian democracy?
Jacksonians favored greater power of the presidency, while Jeffersonians wanted limits of government
Which philosopher wrote theories on natural law that inspired the Bill of Rights?
John Locke
Which of the following is not a factor of political socialization?
Polling
Which U.S. president successfully lobbied Congress to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act?
President Lyndon Johnson
Which of the following groups actively campaigned against slavery?
Quakers
Which of the following best describes the difference between blue states and red states?
Red states tend to vote Republican, while Blue States tend to vote Democrat.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of conducting surveys using the telephone?
The survey can be affected by interviewer bias when asking the questions
What would staging a protest be considered in the United States?
Unconventional participation
