US History

from their arrival in the "new" world in 1492 to the end of the colonial era, European countries competed for the resources found in the resources found in the americas. Which European empire controlled the largest colonial territory during this period

The Spanish empire

The French empire posed the gravest threat to Spanish colonization because it was able to take advantage of weaknesses in Spain's naval capacity.

false

What was the stated exchange in the encomienda system between en comenderos and Native American villages under their control, and how did the intended exchange differ from reality?

the encomenderos were intended to provide protection to Native American villages, in exchange for the villages supplying encomederos with labor and material goods. In reality the encomienda system created a predatory relationship, in which privileged Spanish officials further enriched themselves by exploiting the resources and labor of the Native American people.

Horses made the Indians extremely effective at killing bison, which led to overhunting of the animal. They also competed with bison for food, leading to a depletion of prairie grass.

true

Horses replaced dogs as plain Indians beasts of burden following the thriving pueblo house trade. This greatly benefitted plains tribes in making them much more effective hunters and warriors.

true

identify the leading factors that contributed to the disintegration of the Spanish empire

complexity of the empire vastness of the empire

Mayas

dominated Central America developed an elaborate written language created a yearly calendar more sophisticated than the europeans relied at the time of Columbus

describe the social structure of the mound building societies of the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys that was evident from their burial mounds.

A sophisticated social structure dependent upon a specialized division of labor in which various groups preformed specific tasks in the interest of society as a whole.

identify the cities in the modern United States of America that were established by the Spanish and are part of their colonial legacy

San Francisco, Los ángeles, st. Augustine, San Antonio, Santa Fe.

identify the main tents of Martin Luther's protestant reformation and its significance to the European settlement in the americas

The protestant reformation aimed to expose corruption within the catholic church and advance a reformation aimed to expose corruption within the Catholic Church and advance a more democratic understanding of christianity in which the people were their own priests. many of these individualist views would directly influence the development of colonies in the new world during the age of exploration. plants and animals were extremely different in the two world. How old the introduction of new foods into the "new" world

how was the Spainish able to conquer and colonize America?

by making desertion near impossible, cortes was able to create an environment in which his followers understood conquest as a necessity for returning to normal life

the "rebirth" of learning that came out of the renaissance also Involved the practice application of new ideas. Identify the new ideas.

came out of the renaissance also involved the practical application of new ideas. Navigational instruments like astrolabes and quadrants, large sailing ships, and printing press.

Why were there so many diverse societies In the americas before europeans arrived

describe the native people in the americas were a large heterogenous population spread across vast areas of the americas and were made up of complex and diverse societies

the greatest decrease of the native american population during the 16th cent was attributed to casualties from direct combat w/ European settlers

false

in addition to new intellectual developments and scientific discoveries the expansion of Europe into the americas was aided by which of the following desires and impulses among many europeans

green racism and. conquest

The intellectual revolution known as the renaissance sparked a discourse committed to controversial new ideas that challenged prevailing beliefs and the authority of rulers and the church. This rebirth in learning served as a catalyst for the ideas that would enable the age of exploration.

spanish explorers van ponce de Leon explores florida. St. Augustine is the first European city establisher in North America. New Mexico is established as a Spanish colony The English settlement at James town is established. The pueblo revolt occurs in 1680

Spanish explored most of the lands that became the American south and southwestern region

true

The introduction of horses to the Great Plains of North America was a part of the Spanish colonial legacy. Identify the role of horses in the plains Indian lifestyle and the impact these animals had on their lives

true

Identify how the details provided by Columbus would have been useful information to other europeans for economic or military reasons

Economic ---> they afterwards came bringing us cotton thread. Military ---> They do not carry arms

The Spanish colonize Hispaniola The Spanish discover Puerto Rico The Spanish discover Cuba Cortes conquers the Mexica Pizarro conquers the inca De soto explores Florida

Golden Empire

How did the cultivation of maze and other crops by native Americans lead to the transformation of Indian societies

It allowed Native Americans to live more settled lives, leading to the development of larger and more complex societies

Incas

Stretched along the andes mountains in western South America developed irrigation systems to support fertile farms built long lasting stone buildings and a network of paved roads

identify what conclusions europeans could draw about the new world based on the information provided in the map

There are several successful settlements w crops the land is fertile navigating the waters is dangerous

The anasaziculture- the most widespread of the southwest pueblo cultures was known for its extensive presence in the "four corners" region

identify how the anasazi set itself apart from similar cultures in the region. The anasazi refused to incorporate a rigid class structure.

What were the major developments in Europe that enabled the age of exploration?

identify there main tents of the Martin Luther's protestant reformation and its significance of the European settlement in the americas

Describe why the bering strait was important in there development of diverse Indian societies in america

it served as a bridge between Siberia and Alaska that allowed nomadic peoples of east and Asia to migrate to the americas

identify how the spread of infectious diseases affected the ability of Native Americas to resits European invasion

since Native American leaders were often the first to interact w/ europeans their infection by diseases and subsequent deaths resulted in a serious loss of tribal leadership

identify the various factors that enabled cortes to conquer the Mexica with such a small force of Spanish conquistadores

small pox and other diseases carried from Europe to the americas conflict among Native American peoples military technological superiority

Aztecs

took control of the valley of central Mexico founded what would become one of the largest cities in the world held ware fare as a sacred ritual engaged in gradual expansion of control over nearby societies

How did Spanish colonizers respond to the failed pueblo revolt in New Mexico in 1598

Spanish soldiers brutally massacred hundreds of pueblo men, women and children. Young pueblo children were taken from their parents and put into the care of Spanish missionaries who were charged with caring for their souls. Twenty four pueblo men each had one foot cut off to discourage future uprising against the Spanish.

Martin Luther, John Clavin and other protestant reformers inspired millions of europeans to challenge not only the theology of there Roman Catholic Church, but also their political institutions and leaders Europe divided into warring protest and catholic states, and their rivalries flourished in the americas as well, greatly influencing the future colonization of the americas

true

The biological exchange, also called the columbian exchange was a global transfer of plants such as native american corn and potatoes, and animals, such as European horses that revolutionized agriculture and hunting in both Europe and the Americas. New foods greatly benefitted europeans, whose population increased, while infectious diseases from Europe destroyed much of the population of the "new" world.

true

in every encounter with native people Christopher Columbus would ask If they had gold. These interactions demonstrate how vices such as greed, along w the new technologies and knowledge of the time helped to fuel the age of exploration.

true

the defeat of the Spanish Armada by English empire demonstrated a superiority in smaller, more agile ships against much larger warships in the contest between the two powers. This resulted in a strengthening of the protestant cause across Europe.

true

the technological and social advancements that developed at Cahokia around 100 C.E contributed to influence neighboring societies long after its collapse. As former inhabitants spread the knowledge of such innovations across the American south and midwest.

true