U.S History chapter 5

Exodusters

an African American who migrated from the South to Kansas in the post-Reconstruction years

Bonanza farm

an enormous farm on which a single crop is grown

Farmer's Alliances

groups of farmers of those in sympathy with farming issues, whosent lectures from town to town to educate people about agriculural and rural issues,

Morrill Act

laws enacted in 1862 and 1890 to help create agricultural colleges by giving federal land to states

How did the railroads help open the West?

lots of people were able to move across the country because of the railroads

Sitting bull

the Native American chief under whom the Sioux tribes united in their struggle for survival on the North American Great Plains

grange

the Patrons of Husbandry - a social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of the railroads in the late 19th century

Chisholm Trail

the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through Oklahoma to Kansas

Battle of Wounded knee

the massacre by U.S. soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, in 1890

Treaty of Fort Laramie

the treaty requiring the Sioux to live on a reservation along the Missouri River

Bimetallism

the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system

Great Plains

the vast grassland that extends through the central portion of North America, from Texas northward to Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains

Gold Standard

A momentary system in which the basic unit of currency is defined in terms of a set amount of gold

William McKinley

As a longtime champion of protective tariffs, ran on a platform of promoting American prosperity and won a land-slide victory over democrat William Jennings Bryan to become the 25th president of the United States

What were the results of Custer's land stand?

Custer's death and the death of his soliders caused raids and the defeat of Sioux

What was Turner's view of the role of the American frontier in 1893?

He thought it would strengthen the nation

What caused the panic of 1893?

Investments, consumer purchases, wages and prices declined.

How did new inventions change farming in the West?

It created more food faster.

Why did farmers think that an increased money supply would help solve their economic problems?

It increased the value of the money circulating

In what ways did government policies encourage settlement of the West?

It offered land to the head of the household

Why was the metal that backed paper currency such an important issue in the 1896 presidential campaign?

It regarded paper money as worthless

How did the horse influence Native American life on the Great Plains?

Provided speed and mobility which helped them meet their nutritional and safety needs.

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Started the Patrons of Husbandry, an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the Grange.

How did the cowboy's life differ from the myth about it?

The cowboy's often worked for 14 hours a day, slept on the ground, bathed in rivers, and dealt with sickness regularly.

What was the government's policy toward Native American land?

The government wanted all the Native Americans to live on designated Native American land.

Long drive

The moving of cattle over trails to a shipping center

What developments led to the rapid growth of the cattle industry?

The rapid growth of the cities and the Chisholm trail.

What events led to the battle of Wounded Knee?

The spread of the ghost dance movement and the death of sitting bull

What were some of the causes of farmers' economic problems?

They had longer hours and more debt every year

What does the American cowboy tradition owe to the Mexican vaquero?

They taught them how to ride horses, influenced their language, clothes, food and their daily life

What was the Populist Party?

Third party 1890s. Small farmers and laborers. Anti-big business

George A. Custer

United states general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of little big horn

William Jennings Bryan

a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He starred at the 1896 Democratic convention with his Cross of Gold speech that favored free silver

Homestead Act

a U.S. law enacted in 1862, that provided 160 acres in the West to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household and would cultivate the land for five years

Longhorn

a breed of sturdy, long-horned cattle brought by the Spanish to Mexico and suited to the dry conditions of the southwest

soddy

a home built of blocks of turf

populism

a late 19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers

Dawes Act

a law, enacted in 1887, that was intended to "Americanize" Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners

Assimilation

a minority group's adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture