U.S. History Fall Final Exam Review
What was the pull factor that led to migration of African Americans to Northern cities during WWI? What was this population movement called?
Economic opportunities in industrialized cities. The Great Migration
Theodore Roosevelt used the Big Stick Policy to secure the land to build the Panama Canal. What are some benefits of the Panama Canal?
Helped the U.S. military move more quickly and improved international trade
During the_____ ______ many Americans feared that communists were infiltrating the United States.
Red Scare
Reforms such as: ___________, _________, and _______ were designed to involve ______ more directly in the political process.
Referendum ; initiative ; recall ; voters
During World War I, American women did what?
Replaced men in the workforce
Which events caused the U.S. to enter WWI in 1917?
Sinking of the Lusitania Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman telegram
What was a cause of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed?
Speculators had purchased stocks on margin with borrowed funds
What is the name of the peace settlement that made Germany accept sole responsibility for WWI?
The Treaty of Versailles
What was the effect of the U.S. winning the Spanish American War, acquiring colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, and building the Panama Canal?
The U.S. became a WORLD POWER!
The building of the ______________ Railroad and other railroads changed people's standard of living by increasing the availability and variety of ________ ________.
Transcontinental ; consumer goods
What were the effects of the Spanish American War?
U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and the U.S. became a WORLD POWER
Define bias
a statement that is not based on facts - a strong opinion.
Define isolationism
avoiding involvement in foreign affairs
The decade of the 1920s was characterized by increased consumer ___________ and __________.
borrowing and spending
The growth of big __________ occurred during the Gilded Age.
business
Define urban
city
Define free enterprise system
economic system in the U.S. in which privately owned businesses compete againsteach other
What amendment dealt with the prohibition of alcohol?
• 18th
What event triggered the start of the Great Depression?
The Stock Market Crash of 1929
Many Americans called the homeless communities at the edge of cities _____________
"Hoovervilles"
In what year did the Spanish American War occur?
1898
What years did WWI begin and end? What event led to the outbreak of WWI in June 1914?
1914 - 1918 The assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand
What were the causes of the Great Depression?
Bank failures High tariffs Overproduction of goods Overspeculation in the stock market/buying stocks on margin
The__________ process produced ______ faster and cheaper and enabled the construction of bridges and skyscrapers
Bessemer ; steel
The first person to fly solo, nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean was _______ ________ . His historic flight in 1927 inspired a sense of hope and pride in America. He was proclaimed a hero after flying his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, from New York to Paris
Charles Lindbergh
The ___________ were an important source of labor in the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.
Chinese
The federal government passed the _________ ________ ___ in 1882 to limit Chinese immigration.
Chinese Exclusion Act
_______________ was a major concern for President Theodore Roosevelt. This led him to establish ________ _________
Conservationism ; national parks
How did New Deal programs such as the CCC, WPA, and PWA stimulate economic recovery?
Created public works jobs to reduce unemployment.
How did the 17th Amendment give Americans a greater voice in government?
Direct election of senators.
What did W.E.B. DuBois fight for? What organization did he establish?
Ending racial discrimination. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
The 16th Amendment was a Progressive Era reform. What was its purpose?
Established the income tax
How did muckrakers provide a service to the American people?
Exposed abuses in government and industry.
Which New Deal agency continues to protect against the loss of savings in bank accounts?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
To silence opponents of WWI, Congress passed the Espionage and Sedition Acts, which made it a crime to criticize the government. Which constitutional amendment was compromised by these laws?
First Amendment
What happened in the presidential election of 1932?
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president
____________made his Model T available at an affordable price by introducing the moving ____________ to automobile manufacturing. The mass production of cars caused an expansion in related industries such as glass, steel, rubber, and petroleum
Henry Ford ; assembly line
Congress passed the ________ ________ in 1862 giving settlers 160 acres of free land if they would stay on the land 5 years and plant crops. This developed the ________ ________ into a major agricultural area.
Homestead Act; Great Plains
What was the Mexican Repatriation Act and why was it passed?
It forced people of Mexican descent to leave the country due to competition over jobs.
Why did many Americans oppose U.S. membership in the League of Nations? .
It may have led to U.S. involvement in international conflicts without congressional approval
_______ _______ established ____ ______, a settlement house that provided services to the poor and help for immigrants to assimilate to life in America
Jane Addams ; Hull House
What type of music grew in popularity during the 1920s? Where did it originate?
Jazz New Orleans
The U.S. troops in WWI were known as the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and were led by General______ _ ______ .
John J. Pershing
________-_______ the philosophy that government should not be involved in the affairs of business.
Laissez-faire
_______ _________was the belief that is was America's fate to settle from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was used to justify expansion into lands inhabited by__________ ________
Manifest Destiny ; Native Americans
What was the greatest obstacle faced by U.S. engineers when they began construction of the Panama Canal?
Mosquito borne diseases such as malaria and yellow fever
__________ is a feeling of citizens who see immigrants as a threat. __________ wanted to restrict immigration
Nativism ; Nativists
President Roosevelt's domestic program to bring about economic relief from the Great Depression was known as the _____ ______.
New Deal
What were the goals of those who supported U.S. expansion?
Overseas markets and naval bases
What caused the dust storms that struck the Great Plains?
Poor agricultural practices and severe drought.
What was the purpose of the 18th Amendment?
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol.
Which New Deal agency created a system of insurance for the elderly?
SSA
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the lead attorneys in the _____________ . What did the trial concern?
Scopes Trial Teaching evolution
Which New Deal program was designed to correct abuses in the stock market?
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
What law did Congress pass in 1917 to draft soldiers for WWI?
Selective Service Act
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court violated which constitutional principle? • What is the purpose of this principle? •
Separation of powers. Prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.
The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the - ________ __________ ___ (1890) were efforts by the federal government to eliminate___________
Sherman Antitrust Act ; monopolies.
Why did many U.S. farmers from the Great Plains leave their farms and migrate to California in the 1930s?
The Dust Bowl - dust storms destroyed their crops.
What term describes the period of significant African-American contributions to art, music, and literature in the 1920s and early 1930s?
The Harlem Renaissance
The first talkie movie,__ ______ ________, ended the silent film era.
The Jazz Singer
What was the Fourteen Points? • Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace. Which part of the plan did Wilson consider most important?
The League of Nations.
What law was passed due to public outcry caused by Uptown Sinclair's novel The Jungle?
The Meat Inspection Act
What territories did the U.S. acquire in the late 1800s located in the Pacific Ocean?
The Philippines and Guam (after the Spanish American War) • Hawaii (annexed in 1898)
Theodore Roosevelt said the U.S. would act as a police power and send troops in order to prevent Europeans from interfering in Latin America. What was this policy called?
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
What cavalry unit was led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War?
The Rough Riders
During the Great Depression, what usually happened when a majority of investors and brokers couldn't repay their loans to the bank?
The banks failed.
What is a long-term effect of the Great Depression?
The economic role of government was expanded; the government takes more responsibility for people's economic welfare and helps during times of economic distress
What led to the U.S. annexation of Hawaii?
The overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy (queen)
Why did people overextend their use of credit in the stock market during the 1920s?
They thought they'd make quick profits and easily repay their debts.
Why did President Woodrow Wilson want to create the League of Nations?
This organization would resolve international conflicts peacefully and prevent wars
What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy?
To establish free trade with China.
Why was there a desire to construct a canal in Panama?
To provide a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Define expansionism/imperialism
When stronger nation rules a weaker nation.
What was the purpose of the 19th Amendment?
Women the right to vote (suffrage).
What did Susan B. Anthony fight for? .
Women's suffrage (right to vote)
Define rural
farm
Roosevelt's radio speeches were called
fireside chats
The_________ style represented the changing roles and attitudes of women in the 1920s. The_____ Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, contributed to these changing roles.
flapper ; 19th
The ________ _________ system promotes ____________ among corporations.
free enterprise ; competition
Define domestic
home; inside the U.S.
The growth of _________ _______ made it possible for many Americans to buy goods on ________.
installment plans ; credit
Long working hours, low pay, unhealthy working conditions all explain the growth of ______ _______.
labor unions
The Republican Presidents of the 1920s, Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, supported the policy of______-______ , which means the________________________________________.
laissez-faire ; government does not interfere with business
The invention of the ______ ______ contributed to industrial growth in the United States by making it possible for production to continue at night
light bulb
During the Gilded Age, many immigrants supported corrupt political __________ in exchange for jobs and assistance.
machines
The exclusive control of an industry is called a ___________
monopoly
Define nativism
opposition to immigration
The prohibition of alcohol contributed to the growth of ________________________.
organized crime
Immigration affected American cities by contributing to ___________ housing. Many families had no choice but to live in _________ apartments located in _____ neighborhoods.
overcrowded ; tenement ; slum
A ____________is someone who gives some of their fortune to promote the common good.
philanthropist
The immigration laws of the 1920s were different from previous immigration laws in that they set ______ to limit the number of immigrants from many countries
quotas
The______ became a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s. People could now listen to news, music, and sports.
radio
The expansion of the _________ was the most significant improvement to U.S. transportation in the nineteenth century. It made transportation faster, encouraged migration to the West, and led to Native Americans being forced off their land.
railroads
Define suffrage
right to vote
Homesteaders (farmers) on the Great Plains had to adapt to their environment. They lived in _____ ________ built out of grass and dirt because they lacked access to ________ (wood)
sod houses ; timber
Define cultural diffusion
spread of culture from one place to another
The use of new weapons such as machine guns and trench warfare led to a _____________ on the Western Front during World War I (this meant neither side was winning).
stalemate
During the 1920s, there was a clash of values between the _________ and _________ .
traditionalists ; modernists
During the Great Depression, the economy collapsed and millions of people became ________________.
unemployed
The 19th amendment was passed after WWI. It gave women the right to______ .
vote
What time periods have we studied so far? Be sure to know them in chronological order.
• Gilded Age (1870-1900) • Imperialism (1898-1917) • Progressive Era (1900-1920) • World War I (1914-1918) • Roaring 20s (1920s) • Great Depression (1929-1941)
What is a tariff and how did it impact trade?
• Tax on foreign goods; led to a decrease in trade.
What were some domestic (think about the home front) impacts of WWI on U.S. society?
• The Great Migration • Women entered the workforce • Voluntary rationing • Liberty Bonds
What were the causes of the Spanish American War?
• Yellow journalism • DeLôme letter • Sinking of the USS Maine
