U.S. History Fall Final Exam Review

What was the pull factor that led to migration of African Americans to Northern cities during WWI? What was this population movement called?

Economic opportunities in industrialized cities. The Great Migration

Theodore Roosevelt used the Big Stick Policy to secure the land to build the Panama Canal. What are some benefits of the Panama Canal?

Helped the U.S. military move more quickly and improved international trade

During the_____ ______ many Americans feared that communists were infiltrating the United States.

Red Scare

Reforms such as: ___________, _________, and _______ were designed to involve ______ more directly in the political process.

Referendum ; initiative ; recall ; voters

During World War I, American women did what?

Replaced men in the workforce

Which events caused the U.S. to enter WWI in 1917?

Sinking of the Lusitania Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman telegram

What was a cause of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed?

Speculators had purchased stocks on margin with borrowed funds

What is the name of the peace settlement that made Germany accept sole responsibility for WWI?

The Treaty of Versailles

What was the effect of the U.S. winning the Spanish American War, acquiring colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, and building the Panama Canal?

The U.S. became a WORLD POWER!

The building of the ______________ Railroad and other railroads changed people's standard of living by increasing the availability and variety of ________ ________.

Transcontinental ; consumer goods

What were the effects of the Spanish American War?

U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and the U.S. became a WORLD POWER

Define bias

a statement that is not based on facts - a strong opinion.

Define isolationism

avoiding involvement in foreign affairs

The decade of the 1920s was characterized by increased consumer ___________ and __________.

borrowing and spending

The growth of big __________ occurred during the Gilded Age.

business

Define urban

city

Define free enterprise system

economic system in the U.S. in which privately owned businesses compete againsteach other

What amendment dealt with the prohibition of alcohol?

• 18th

What event triggered the start of the Great Depression?

The Stock Market Crash of 1929

Many Americans called the homeless communities at the edge of cities _____________

"Hoovervilles"

In what year did the Spanish American War occur?

1898

What years did WWI begin and end? What event led to the outbreak of WWI in June 1914?

1914 - 1918 The assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

Bank failures High tariffs Overproduction of goods Overspeculation in the stock market/buying stocks on margin

The__________ process produced ______ faster and cheaper and enabled the construction of bridges and skyscrapers

Bessemer ; steel

The first person to fly solo, nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean was _______ ________ . His historic flight in 1927 inspired a sense of hope and pride in America. He was proclaimed a hero after flying his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, from New York to Paris

Charles Lindbergh

The ___________ were an important source of labor in the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.

Chinese

The federal government passed the _________ ________ ___ in 1882 to limit Chinese immigration.

Chinese Exclusion Act

_______________ was a major concern for President Theodore Roosevelt. This led him to establish ________ _________

Conservationism ; national parks

How did New Deal programs such as the CCC, WPA, and PWA stimulate economic recovery?

Created public works jobs to reduce unemployment.

How did the 17th Amendment give Americans a greater voice in government?

Direct election of senators.

What did W.E.B. DuBois fight for? What organization did he establish?

Ending racial discrimination. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

The 16th Amendment was a Progressive Era reform. What was its purpose?

Established the income tax

How did muckrakers provide a service to the American people?

Exposed abuses in government and industry.

Which New Deal agency continues to protect against the loss of savings in bank accounts?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

To silence opponents of WWI, Congress passed the Espionage and Sedition Acts, which made it a crime to criticize the government. Which constitutional amendment was compromised by these laws?

First Amendment

What happened in the presidential election of 1932?

Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president

____________made his Model T available at an affordable price by introducing the moving ____________ to automobile manufacturing. The mass production of cars caused an expansion in related industries such as glass, steel, rubber, and petroleum

Henry Ford ; assembly line

Congress passed the ________ ________ in 1862 giving settlers 160 acres of free land if they would stay on the land 5 years and plant crops. This developed the ________ ________ into a major agricultural area.

Homestead Act; Great Plains

What was the Mexican Repatriation Act and why was it passed?

It forced people of Mexican descent to leave the country due to competition over jobs.

Why did many Americans oppose U.S. membership in the League of Nations? .

It may have led to U.S. involvement in international conflicts without congressional approval

_______ _______ established ____ ______, a settlement house that provided services to the poor and help for immigrants to assimilate to life in America

Jane Addams ; Hull House

What type of music grew in popularity during the 1920s? Where did it originate?

Jazz New Orleans

The U.S. troops in WWI were known as the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and were led by General______ _ ______ .

John J. Pershing

________-_______ the philosophy that government should not be involved in the affairs of business.

Laissez-faire

_______ _________was the belief that is was America's fate to settle from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was used to justify expansion into lands inhabited by__________ ________

Manifest Destiny ; Native Americans

What was the greatest obstacle faced by U.S. engineers when they began construction of the Panama Canal?

Mosquito borne diseases such as malaria and yellow fever

__________ is a feeling of citizens who see immigrants as a threat. __________ wanted to restrict immigration

Nativism ; Nativists

President Roosevelt's domestic program to bring about economic relief from the Great Depression was known as the _____ ______.

New Deal

What were the goals of those who supported U.S. expansion?

Overseas markets and naval bases

What caused the dust storms that struck the Great Plains?

Poor agricultural practices and severe drought.

What was the purpose of the 18th Amendment?

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol.

Which New Deal agency created a system of insurance for the elderly?

SSA

Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the lead attorneys in the _____________ . What did the trial concern?

Scopes Trial Teaching evolution

Which New Deal program was designed to correct abuses in the stock market?

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

What law did Congress pass in 1917 to draft soldiers for WWI?

Selective Service Act

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court violated which constitutional principle? • What is the purpose of this principle? •

Separation of powers. Prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.

The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the - ________ __________ ___ (1890) were efforts by the federal government to eliminate___________

Sherman Antitrust Act ; monopolies.

Why did many U.S. farmers from the Great Plains leave their farms and migrate to California in the 1930s?

The Dust Bowl - dust storms destroyed their crops.

What term describes the period of significant African-American contributions to art, music, and literature in the 1920s and early 1930s?

The Harlem Renaissance

The first talkie movie,__ ______ ________, ended the silent film era.

The Jazz Singer

What was the Fourteen Points? • Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace. Which part of the plan did Wilson consider most important?

The League of Nations.

What law was passed due to public outcry caused by Uptown Sinclair's novel The Jungle?

The Meat Inspection Act

What territories did the U.S. acquire in the late 1800s located in the Pacific Ocean?

The Philippines and Guam (after the Spanish American War) • Hawaii (annexed in 1898)

Theodore Roosevelt said the U.S. would act as a police power and send troops in order to prevent Europeans from interfering in Latin America. What was this policy called?

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

What cavalry unit was led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War?

The Rough Riders

During the Great Depression, what usually happened when a majority of investors and brokers couldn't repay their loans to the bank?

The banks failed.

What is a long-term effect of the Great Depression?

The economic role of government was expanded; the government takes more responsibility for people's economic welfare and helps during times of economic distress

What led to the U.S. annexation of Hawaii?

The overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy (queen)

Why did people overextend their use of credit in the stock market during the 1920s?

They thought they'd make quick profits and easily repay their debts.

Why did President Woodrow Wilson want to create the League of Nations?

This organization would resolve international conflicts peacefully and prevent wars

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy?

To establish free trade with China.

Why was there a desire to construct a canal in Panama?

To provide a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Define expansionism/imperialism

When stronger nation rules a weaker nation.

What was the purpose of the 19th Amendment?

Women the right to vote (suffrage).

What did Susan B. Anthony fight for? .

Women's suffrage (right to vote)

Define rural

farm

Roosevelt's radio speeches were called

fireside chats

The_________ style represented the changing roles and attitudes of women in the 1920s. The_____ Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, contributed to these changing roles.

flapper ; 19th

The ________ _________ system promotes ____________ among corporations.

free enterprise ; competition

Define domestic

home; inside the U.S.

The growth of _________ _______ made it possible for many Americans to buy goods on ________.

installment plans ; credit

Long working hours, low pay, unhealthy working conditions all explain the growth of ______ _______.

labor unions

The Republican Presidents of the 1920s, Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, supported the policy of______-______ , which means the________________________________________.

laissez-faire ; government does not interfere with business

The invention of the ______ ______ contributed to industrial growth in the United States by making it possible for production to continue at night

light bulb

During the Gilded Age, many immigrants supported corrupt political __________ in exchange for jobs and assistance.

machines

The exclusive control of an industry is called a ___________

monopoly

Define nativism

opposition to immigration

The prohibition of alcohol contributed to the growth of ________________________.

organized crime

Immigration affected American cities by contributing to ___________ housing. Many families had no choice but to live in _________ apartments located in _____ neighborhoods.

overcrowded ; tenement ; slum

A ____________is someone who gives some of their fortune to promote the common good.

philanthropist

The immigration laws of the 1920s were different from previous immigration laws in that they set ______ to limit the number of immigrants from many countries

quotas

The______ became a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s. People could now listen to news, music, and sports.

radio

The expansion of the _________ was the most significant improvement to U.S. transportation in the nineteenth century. It made transportation faster, encouraged migration to the West, and led to Native Americans being forced off their land.

railroads

Define suffrage

right to vote

Homesteaders (farmers) on the Great Plains had to adapt to their environment. They lived in _____ ________ built out of grass and dirt because they lacked access to ________ (wood)

sod houses ; timber

Define cultural diffusion

spread of culture from one place to another

The use of new weapons such as machine guns and trench warfare led to a _____________ on the Western Front during World War I (this meant neither side was winning).

stalemate

During the 1920s, there was a clash of values between the _________ and _________ .

traditionalists ; modernists

During the Great Depression, the economy collapsed and millions of people became ________________.

unemployed

The 19th amendment was passed after WWI. It gave women the right to______ .

vote

What time periods have we studied so far? Be sure to know them in chronological order.

• Gilded Age (1870-1900) • Imperialism (1898-1917) • Progressive Era (1900-1920) • World War I (1914-1918) • Roaring 20s (1920s) • Great Depression (1929-1941)

What is a tariff and how did it impact trade?

• Tax on foreign goods; led to a decrease in trade.

What were some domestic (think about the home front) impacts of WWI on U.S. society?

• The Great Migration • Women entered the workforce • Voluntary rationing • Liberty Bonds

What were the causes of the Spanish American War?

• Yellow journalism • DeLôme letter • Sinking of the USS Maine