U.S. History- Final Exam Review
Who founded the National's Women Party, which used public protest marches to demand the right to vote? (Ch. 17)
Alice Paul
Who formed the Women's Trade Union League to push for laws that would benefit women working in factories? (Ch. 17)
Florence Kelley
True or False? 1 out of 5 kids between the ages of 10 & 16 worked rather than attended school. (Ch. 13)
True
True or False? President Theodore Roosevelt promoted a program called the Square Deal to protect the interests of small business owners and the poor. (Ch. 17)
True
True or False? The Hepburn Act gave the government the authority to set and limit shipping costs. (Ch. 17)
True
True or False? The work of naturalist John Muir led Congress to establish Yosemite National Park in 1890. (Ch. 17)
True
True or False? Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States when William McKinley was assassinated. (Ch. 17)
True
True or False? Unions protected both skilled and unskilled laborers. (Ch. 13)
True
True or False? Women had the opportunity to work as laundresses, telegraph operators, & typists as a result of industrialization. (Ch. 13)
True
the invention that made skyscrapers practial
elevator
a person who invests money in a business venture to make a profit (Ch. 13)
entrepreneur
What gave Congress the power to create an income tax? (Ch. 17)
16th Amendment
What stated that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex" (Ch. 17)
19th Amendment
After the Civil War, farmers' debt... (Ch. 16) a. increased as a result of falling crop prices b. decreased as a result of lower transportation costs c. decreased as a result of the stronger influence in politics d. increased as a result of greater crop production
A
At processing stations, officials met with immigrants to determine their medical condition and... (Ch. 14) a. legal standing b. religious preferences c. poor economic conditions d. potential employment
A
Consumption patterns were most influenced by... (Ch. 14) a. advertising b. transportation c. new educational theories d. special-interest newspapers
A
Following the Civil War, African Americans in the South... (Ch. 15) a. gained access to education through basic-literacy schools b. were denied membership in the Farmers' Alliance c. felt betrayed by ratification on the Fifteenth Amendment d. became fully integrated in the society of the New South
A
How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers? (Ch. 15) a. provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets b. allowed cowboys to travel easily between cattle herds and their homes c. made it easier for ranchers to keep track of their herds d. encouraged eastern cowboys to make a living in the West
A
In response to the Granger movement, (Ch. 16) a. the federal government disbanded the Interstate Commerce Commission b. membership in the Farmers' Alliances declined c. the Supreme Court overturned laws regulating the railroads d. Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota set maximum rates for shipping and grain storage
A
In the mid-1800s, the most numerous and nomadic Native Americans in the United States were the... (Ch. 15) a. Plains Indians b. Chinook Indians c. Klamath Indians d. Pueblo Indians
A
Republicans argued that high tariffs would... (Ch. 16) a. allow American industries to grow b. lead to a loss of manufacturing jobs c. increase the costs of consumer goods d. make it harder for farmers o sell products abroad
A
The belief that white people born in America are superior to newcomers is called... (Ch. 14) a. Nativism b. Exclusion c. idealism d. both a & c
A
The first great boom in the West was spurred by... (Ch. 15) a. mining b. vigilantes c. farming d. rancing
A
The first reliable streetcars were powered by... (Ch. 14) a. Electricity b. Coal c. animals d. gasoline
A
What did Du Bois view as the key to "everything"? (Ch. 16) a. suffrage b. freedom c. protest d. marriage
A
Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as "captains of industry"? (Ch. 13) a. Industrialists' support for technology benefited the economy b. Monopolies' forced small companies out of business c. Consumers were harmed by inflated prices d. Workers' wages rose as industrialists profited
A
Which event led to the formation of the NAACP? (Ch. 17) a. the 1908 Springfield riot b. the Plessy v. Ferguson decision c. the first meeting of the Niagara Movement d. the segregation of federal government offices in 1914
A
Which group of people made up the majority of immigrants to America before 1870? (Ch. 14) a. European Protestants b. Scandinavian Catholics c. Chinese Buddhists d. South American Jews
A
Which party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the 1912 presidential election? (Ch. 17) a. the Democratic party b. the Progressive Party c. the Republican party d. the Congressional Government Party
A
Whites accused Chinese workers on the West Coast of... (Ch. 16) a. taking "white" jobs b. claiming the best land c. destroying "Oriental" schools d. attacking railroad property
A
_____________ employed mostly women who worked 12 hours a day, 6 days a week on machines making mass-produced goods. (Ch. 13) a. sweatshops b. company towns c. collectives d. unions
A
_______________ was an influential philosophy on labor union organizers & protestors. (Ch. 13) a. Socialism b. Capitalism c. Communism d. Racism
A
a steel tycoon who used vertical integration to increase profits (Ch. 13)
Andrew Carnegie
a large immigrant processing station on the West coast
Angel Island
A 1913 California law forced Japanese Americans to... (Ch. 17) a. learn English b. sell their land c. sign unfair labor contracts d. become United States citizens
B
Crazy Horse was credited for killing General Custer and his men in the... (Ch. 15) a. Sand Creek Massacre b. Battle of Little Big Horn c. Battle of Wounded Knee d. Red River War
B
In 1872, Susan B. Anthony... (Ch. 16) a. formed the Women's Christian Temperance Union b. was arrested for voting in an election in New York. c. attended college to earn a graduate degree d. drafted a constitutional amendment granting women suffrage
B
Isolated communities near work places in which housing was owned by the company & rented to the workers were called... (Ch. 13) a. communes b. company towns c. collective towns d. compounds
B
Most Midwestern cities were established near... (Ch. 14) a. mountains b. water c. skyscrapers d. manufacturing plants
B
President Wilson pushed for the passage of the Adamson Act to... (Ch. 17) a. protect labor unions b. prevent a nationwide railroad strike c. give wages to disabled workers d. prosecute illegal stock trading
B
Starting in the mid-1800s, hoards of people traveled to the West out of desire to... (Ch. 15) a. live in urban environments b. strike it rich by finding gold or silver c. see the Pacific Ocean d. hunt buffalo
B
Steel changed people's lives by making possible the... (Ch. 13) a. invention of radio b. construction of skyscrapers c. development of electricity d. establishment of time zones
B
The "Exodusters" were... (Ch. 15) a. Mexican Americans who fled after the Mexican-American War b. African Americans who fled the South after Reconstruction c. Chinese Americans who fled the North after the Gold Rush d. Native Americans who fled the East after the Battle of the Fallen Timbers
B
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882... (Ch. 16) a. barred U.S. cities from hiring Chinese workers b. prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country c. stripped Chinese Americans of their U.S. citizens d. forced Chinese children to attend segregated schools
B
The Farmers' Alliance did which of the following? (Ch. 16) a. encouraged farmers to disband cooperatives b. established postal banks to provide farmers with low-interest loans c. excluded African Americans farmers d. ran candidates in local elections to end the gold standard
B
The NWP and NAWSA primarily differed in their... (Ch. 17) a. goals b. strategies c. organization d. geographic focus
B
The assimilation of Native Americans was a goal of... (Ch. 15) a. the Battle of Little Big Horn b. the Dawes General Allotment Act c. leaders such as Crazy Horse d. leaders such a Chief Joseph
B
The concept of "rational use" suggested that... (Ch. 17) a. all wild areas be left untouched b. forests be preserved for public use c. private companies manage resources d. the federal government sell Alaskan lands
B
The public system that were created to carry a large number of people fairly cheaply & helpful shape cities was called... (Ch. 14) a. Urbanization b. mass transit c. institutionalized commuting d. suburbia
B
Theodore Roosevelt supported powerful corporations that... (Ch. 17) a. were efficient b. did business fairly c. controlled railroads d. bullied smaller companies
B
What social problems did Upton Sinclair's novel 'The Jungle' describe? (Ch. 17) a. the struggles of black Americans b. the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards c. the ruthless business methods of John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil d. the conflict between California farmers and the Southern Pacific Factory
B
Which Gilded Age President was known for his integrity? (Ch. 16) a. Chester Arthur b. Grover Cleveland c. Benjamin Harrison d. Rutherford B. Hayes
B
Which group formed the Anti-Defamation League to defend itself against verbal attacks and false statements? (Ch. 17) a. Asian Americans b. Jewish Americans c. Native Americans d. Mexican Americans
B
Which of the following best describes Native Americans' situation at the end of the Indian Wars? a. They held onto their traditional homelands. b. They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations c. They lived traditional lives on reservations throughout the North. d. They assimilated into American culture.
B
Which of the following did the Populist Party suggest would raise crop prices? (Ch. 16) a. government ownership of railroads b. the coinage of "free silver" c. an alliance of urban workers d. a graduated income tax
B
Which of the following factors contributed to the demise of the open-range system? a. an increase in the price of beef b. the invention of barbed wire c. the development of railroads d. the disappearance of big mining companies
B
Which of the following provided Americanization programs for new immigrants? (Ch. 14) a. Congress b. Settlement houses c. ghettos d. trade unions
B
Which of the following threatened the livelihoods of southern farmers? (Ch. 15) a. the railroad b. the boll weevil c. northern banks d. the Farmers' Alliance
B
Which reform did the Nineteenth Amendment enact? (Ch. 17) a. temperance laws b. women's suffrage c. a ban on child labor d. African American men's suffrage
B
Why did the United States banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s? (Ch. 17) a. Interest rates for loans rarely fluctuated b. The nation had no central authority to supervise banks c. Too many people controlled the reserve funds of the nation's banks d. Banks could access their reserves too easily
B
Zoning laws were designed primarily to... (Ch. 14) a. encourage growth of heavy industry b. separate functions within a city c. create immigrant ghettoes d. protect water from pollutants
B
As farms became mechanized, (Ch. 13) a. immigrants bought more land b. more people became farmers c. farmers moved to urban areas d. farm workers became rural entrepreneurs
C
Cartels, monopolies, trusts, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of... (Ch. 13) a. driving up costs b. raising wages c. increasing profits d. combining resources
C
Corporations had the important advantage of (Ch. 13) a. being run by an individual or a family b. developing into monopolies c. reducing the financial risk for individuals d. keeping prices high
C
Even though unlit city streets were dangerous, (Ch. 14) a. most city planners did nothing about it b. professional police officers refused to patrol them c. factory workers had to travel to and from work in the dark d. city government rejected electric streetlights
C
How did southern blacks lose rights in the years after the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments? (Ch. 15) a. New amendments later limited black southerners' legal status. b. Few black southerners took advantage of their newfound freedoms. c. Some white southerners used state legislation, segregation, and violence to limit the freedoms of blacks. d. Black southerners did not lose any rights during these years
C
How did the South keep railroad construction costs down? (Ch. 15) a. joined rural areas with urban hubs b. connected major cities with railroad lines for increased busniess c. used prison labor and lobbied the federal government d. expanded small hubs
C
In contrast to white settlers, Native Americans viewed nature as... (Ch. 15) a. a resource to provide wealth b. pleasant c. sacred d. less important than railroads
C
Industrial workers often labored... (Ch. 17) a. for high wages b. under ideal conditions c. with unsafe machinery d. in well-ventilated factory
C
The Coinage Act of 1873 caused protest by... (Ch. 16) a. ending production of paper money. b. allowing the use of both gold and silver coins c. stopping the minting of silver coins d. overturning the gold standard
C
The Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887... (Ch. 15) a. recognized Native American tribes as Independent nations b. presented land to individual tribes c. granted each Native American family a 160-acre farmstead d. improved the reservation system
C
The National Reclamation Act directly affected the management of which natural resource? (Ch. 17) a. oil b. coal c. water d. lumber
C
The Populist Party lost power in large part as a result of... (Ch. 16) a. their refusal to endorse William Jennings Bryan b. their exclusion of African Americans c. the 1896 election of McKinley d. the collapse of the gold standard
C
The Pullman Strike began over... (Ch. 13) a. discrimination in hiring b. workers could not afford to ride in luxury train cars they made c. cut wages d. both a & b
C
The Sherman Antitrust Act imposed limitations upon which group? (Ch. 13) a. farmers b. Congress c. large corporations d. small-business owners
C
The United States Indian Peace Commission concluded that lasting peace would come only if Native Americans... (Ch. 15) a. resumed hunting b. became Christian c. settled on farms d. educated themselves
C
The middle-class lifestyle of the Gilded Age featured (Ch. 14) a. a return to classical ideals b. a reflection of rural values c. a new emphasis on acquiring goods d. renewed interest in controlling journalists
C
Travel accommodations for most immigrants to the US... (Ch. 14) a. were in the first class steamship cabins b. allowed them to bring many belongings c. were dirty, crowded, and unhealthy d. were spacious and expensive
C
Under President William Howard Taft, the federal government... (Ch. 17) a. upheld the Standard Oil trust. b. strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act c. brought lawsuits against many corporations d. continued Roosevelt's "rule of reason" policies
C
Unlike African American men, women in the late 1800s... (Ch. 16) a. had to pay a poll tax to vote b. were able to vote under grandfather clauses c. did not have the legal right to vote d. experienced no restrictions when voting
C
W.E.B. Du Bois was an outspoken critic of.... (Ch. 17) a. Ray Stannard Baker b. William Monroe Trotter c. Booker T. Washington d. Woodrow Wilson
C
What did political cartoonist Thomas Nast work to expose? (Ch. 16) a. the conspiracy behind James Garfield's assassination b. the awarding of thousands of postal jobs in exchange for votes c. the illegal activities of "Boss" Tweed d. the secret deal behind the election of Rutherford B. Hayes
C
Which of the following called for an African Americans to "pull themselves up from their own bootstraps?" (Ch. 16) a. W.E.B. Du Bois b. Rutherford B. Hayes c. Booker T. Washington d. Ida B. Wells
C
Which of the following encouraged President Arthur to pursue civil service reform? (Ch. 16) a. adoption of the gold standard b. arrest of William "Boss" Tweed c. assassination of President Garfield d. loss of thousands of jobs in the U.S. Postal Service
C
Which of the following helped fuel economic growth by encouraging people to buy American goods? (Ch. 13) a. monopolies b. patents c. protective tariffs d. laissez faire
C
Which of the following was an effect of the transcontinental railroad? (Ch. 15) a. The nation's economy suffered. b. Utah and Nevada became heavily settled. c. The population of the West increased. d. Industrial development was stalled.
C
Which reform resulted from the fire at Triangle Shirtwaist Factory? (Ch. 17) a. a ban on child labor b. antitrust legislation c. workers' compensation laws d. the spread of settlement houses
C
Why was the Farmers' Alliance formed in the 1870s? (Ch. 15) a. to fight foreign competition b. to improve agricultural equipment c. to negotiate lower prices for supplies d. to eradicate the boll weevil
C
Wilson tried to protect workers by... (Ch. 17) a. vetoing an income tax b. relaxing corporate controls c. lowering import tariffs d. encouraging price hikes
C
What spelled out activities in which businesses could not engage? (Ch. 17)
Clayton Antitrust Act
Homesteaders on the plains usually built homes of... a. bricks b. wood c. stone d. sod
D
How did John Wanamaker attract customers to his department store? (Ch. 14) a. he offered money back guarantees b. he made sale signs in different languages c. he placed large newspaper and advertisements d. both a & c
D
Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called... (Ch. 17) a. trusts b. commissions c. municipal services d. political machines
D
The 1903 Muller v. Oregon decision upheld... (Ch. 17) a. women's right to vote b. higher wages for women c. women's right to birth control d. limited work hours for women
D
The culture of the western cowboy originated with... (Ch. 15) a. African Americans b. immigrants c. Anglo Americans d. Mexican vaqueros
D
The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee... (Ch. 13) a. labor union activity b. interstate communications c. patent awards d. railroad operations across the nation
D
The spoils system made political parties more powerful by (Ch. 16) a. allowing party workers to push for civil service reform b. encouraging wealthy businessmen to donate money to the party c. blocking legislation introduced by the opposing political party d. filling important government positions with party supporters
D
Urban leaders counted on schools to... (Ch. 14) a. train professional police officers b. Americanize immigrants c. produce disciplined workers d. both b & c
D
Uriah Smith Stephens & Terence V. Powderly were once leaders of the _____________. (Ch. 13) a. Homestead Strike b. American Federation of Labor c. International Congress of Workers d. Knights of Labor
D
W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington... (Ch. 16) a. worked together to overturn Jim Crow laws in the South. b. argued that African Americans should demand full and immediate equality. c. rejected the United States and moved to Ghana. d. disagreed over whether achieving equality was the burden of the nation or of African Americans.
D
What assets did the South possess to rebuild its economy in the late 1800s? (Ch. 15) a. well-trained and productive workers b. technical and engineering schools c. strong banks with investment capital d. natural resources
D
What was the result of the Homestead Strike? (Ch. 13) a. people died b. workers lost public support c. Carnegie began donating to charities to improve d. all of the above
D
Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play? (Ch. 13) a. Bessemer process b. telegraph technology c. refrigeration d. electricity
D
Which of the following best describes the lives of typical western homesteaders in the late 1800s? (Ch. 15) a. overcrowded but exciting b. challenging yet comfortable c. peaceful and prosperous d. difficult and lonely
D
Which of the following was a factor that limited the economic recovery of the South after the Civil War? (Ch. 15) a. New cities rose up in Georgia, Texas, and Tennessee. b. Railroad lines were expanded in southern states. c. Southerners lobbied the federal government for financial help. d. Southern banks with modest assets struggled to support industrial development.
D
Which of the following was a profession created as a result of the needs of this time period? a. Fireman b. Policemen c. city planners d. all of the above
D
Which of these factors pulled immigrants to the US? (Ch. 14) a. lack of food b. religious persecution c. poor economic conditions d. potential employment
D
Which women founded the National Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who were less fortunate? (Ch. 17) a. Susan B. Anthony b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton c. Alice Paul d. Ida B. Wells
D
What was established to monitor business practices that might lead to a monopoly? (Ch. 17)
FTC
True or False? In the 1912 presidential election, Theodore Roosevelt ran as the candidate of the New Nationalism Party. (Ch. 17)
False
True or False? The Pure Food and Drug Act required federal inspection of meat processing plants? (Ch. 17)
False
True or False? (Ch. 13) The AFL allowed women to be members.
False
What placed the national banks under the control of a central authority? (Ch. 17)
Federal Reserve Act
Mark Twain's label for the last decades of the 19th century
Gilded Age
a steelworkers' strike that resulted in a standoff between workers & Pinkertons (Ch. 13)
Homestead strike
novelist who wrote about success in America
Horatio Alger
Who was a schoolteacher, journalist, and anti-lynching activist? (Ch. 16)
Ida B. Wells
In the late 1800s, _________________ photographed tenement buildings in which the urban poor lived. (Ch. 17)
Jacob Riis
_________________ was a leading figure in the settlement house movement. (Ch. 17)
Jane Addams
What legislation meant to segregate blacks and whites? (Ch. 16)
Jim Crow Laws
an oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to decrease costs and increase profits (Ch. 13)
John D. Rockefeller
a union that included all workers of any trade (Ch. 13)
Knights of Labor
Who was the group of Mexican Americans that fought to protect land claims? (Ch. 16)
Las Gorras Blancas
What organization identified products made under healthful working conditions and encouraged women to buy these products? (Ch. 17)
National Consumer's League
What set out President Woodrow Wilson's plan for government in the United States? (Ch. 17)
New Freedom
the inventor who wanted to develop affordable lighting for homes (Ch. 13)
Thomas Eddison
Who was the Democratic presidential candidate who supported "'free silver"? (Ch. 16)
William Jennings Bryan
Who was the Republican winner of the 1896 presidential election? (Ch. 16)
William McKinley
publisher of sensational & popular newspapers
William Randolph Hearst
Who sent federal troops to break up the miner's strike in Ludlow? (Ch. 17)
Woodrow Wilson
What system includes federal jobs in the executive branch that are filled by people who have expertise in that area? (Ch. 16)
civil service system
a business in which ownership is shared (Ch. 13)
corporation
A[n] _________________ is an election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. (Ch. 17)
direct primary
_________________, such as Upton Sinclair, reported on the hazardous conditions in factories and cities during the Progressive Era. (Ch. 17)
muckrakers
when consumption patterns become similar across the classes/society
mass culture
a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and cheaply (Ch. 13)
mass production
a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively (Ch. 13)
mass production
blending of people to create a single culture
melting pot
complete control of a product or service (Ch. 13)
monopoly
What was the tool used to prevent African Americans from voting by charging them money? (Ch. 16)
poll tax
The _________________ allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature. (Ch. 17)
refrerendum
The _________________ blended ideas from German socialism and American Progressivism into a plan for building a better society. (Ch. 17)
social gospel
the right to vote
suffrage
a small, hot, dirty workhouse (Ch. 13)
sweatshop
What was the campaign to promote the practice of never drinking alcohol? (Ch. 17)
temperance movement
low cost multifamily housing designed to hold many people
tenements
the rapid growth of cities and their populations
urbanization
medley of musical drama, songs & comedy
vaudeville