US History II: 16.1-16.3

According to Stokely Carmichael, black power meant that African Americans should A. use their economic and political strength to gain equality. B. pursue racial separation in order to gain independence. C. pressure the government to pass affirmative action laws. D. only follow the path of nonviolent protest to gain power.

A

Organizers of the Freedom Summer campaign hoped to achieve A. the registration of African Americans to vote in Mississippi. B. the elimination of Jim Crow laws in the South. C. the right to nonviolent protest in Mississippi. D. the desegregation of public schools in Arkansas.

A

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed A. the Justice Department to prosecute anyone who violated other people's civil rights. B. employers to use racial quotas in the hiring process. C. the U.S. Supreme Court to reverse previous rulings that had supported segregation. D. state officials to determine what proportion of schools were desegregated.

A

The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s led to A. an increase in African American voter participation. B. a decrease in the number of registered minority voters. C. an increase in the number of major political parties. D. a decrease in the number of political protests.

A

Thurgood Marshall changed the course of American history because he A. showed that the "separate but equal" principle was unconstitutional. B. became a respected and influential Justice on the Supreme Court. C. headed the NAACP legal team in the 1940s. D. won a civil rights case against a law school in Texas.

A

What effect did James Meredith's 1962 federal court case have on segregation in Mississippi? A. It forced the University of Mississippi to desegregate. B. It forced the Mississippi public school system to desegregate. C. It outlawed the use of federal forces to enforce desegregation in the states. D. It reaffirmed Mississippi's right to segregate within its own borders.

A

What effect did Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" have on the civil rights movement? A. It explained the necessity of civil rights reform and the tactic of nonviolence to obtain it. B. It denounced the disorder King saw in the campaigns of nonviolent civil rights activists. C. It generated support from white moderates for nonviolent action. D. It encouraged civil rights activists to advance the cause by any means necessary.

A

What was the legal basis for the government's involvement in desegregating the University of Mississippi? A. James Meredith and the NAACP won a federal court case. B. The Constitution allows federal involvement in education. C. The government had sued the University of Mississippi. D. The NAACP had sued the University of Mississippi in a state court.

A

What were the freedom rides meant to accomplish? A. desegregation of transportation by testing a Supreme Court decision B. to protest a Supreme Court decision upholding segregation of public transit C. desegregation of highway restrooms and motels by testing a Supreme Court decision D. to promote a report on transportation and interstate commerce released by the Federal Transportation Commission

A

Why did the "I Have a Dream" speech have such an impact on the civil rights movement? A. It expressed the movement's goal of freedom and equality. B. It redefined the American ideals of success and achievement. C. It suggested that dreams are often unrealistic and beyond reach. D. It urged the movement to shift its focus to economic issues.

A

Why did the Nixon administration establish affirmative action? A. to promote equal opportunities for blacks and whites B. to ensure the election of blacks to political office C. to establish all-black educational institutions D. to force the integration of traditionally segregated areas

A

How did Rosa Parks's actions redirect the tactics of the civil rights movement? A. They encouraged violent protests in the South. B. They inspired a mass movement of direct action to create political change. C. They showed that individual acts of protest could attract the attention of the media. D. They revealed that the integration of transportation was the movement's main goal.

B

In what ways did the Black Panthers represent a shift in tone and tactics for the Civil Rights movement? A. They promoted the ideal of racial equality. B. They represented a radicalization of urban youth and a new militancy. C. They supported the principle of nonviolent resistance. D. They represented a shift from economic issues to the goal of racial integration.

B

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Poor People's Campaign was an attempt to A. call for laws banning segregation in private businesses. B. address economic injustice. C. persuade militants that nonviolence was the best tactic. D. focus the nation's attention on voting rights laws.

B

President Truman used his executive power to enforce A. an antilynching law. B. the desegregation of the military. C. the federal protection of voting rights. D. an antidiscrimination law.

B

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was intended to A. increase economic assistance to states that discontinued the use of literacy tests. B. prevent states from restricting minority groups' access to the political process. C. increase minority groups' representation in all levels of government. D. prevent minority groups from seeking passage of an affirmative action law.

B

The freedom riders targeted transportation that crossed state lines because A. they wanted to protest a recent Supreme Court decision that protected segregation in interstate travel. B. they knew that the federal government regulated interstate travel and would act to defend a recent Supreme Court decision. C. they were acting in support of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. D. they knew that federal marshals would be waiting at the borders of states that had refused to recognize a recent federal law.

B

Why did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocate the use of nonviolent protest to resist segregation and oppression? A. because he concluded that African Americans were too few in number to use violence effectively B. because he believed that protesters should act lovingly toward their oppressors C. because he feared that using violence would cause African Americans to abandon their political goals D. because he thought that African Americans had used violence unsuccessfully in the past

B

Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas? A. to prevent enforcement of the Brown v. Board ruling B. to enforce state compliance with federal laws C. to reinforce the Arkansas state National Guard D. to compel states to provide protection for minority students

B

Why did the freedom riders take the route that they did? A. Southern whites had threatened violence if they chose another route. B. They wanted to challenge segregated public transportation in the South. C. They planned to join a huge civil rights march in Florida. D. It was the shortest route between Washington, D.C., and Jackson, Mississippi.

B

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1957 significant? A. It minimized the Attorney General's influence in civil rights cases. B. It mandated the desegregation of all public schools. C. It forced states to repeal laws that restricted voting rights. D. It prohibited states from forcefully stopping nonviolent demonstrations.

B

Civil rights activists organized the 1963 March on Washington in order to increase A. public support for the use of nonviolent methods of protest. B. pressure on the federal government to adopt an antilynching law. C. pressure on Congress to pass a proposed civil rights bill. D. public support for providing military protection for civil rights protesters.

C

How did Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus's actions in the Little Rock crisis provoke a political conflict between state and federal governments? A. He encouraged people to boycott the Montgomery bus system in Alabama, which was a state beyond his jurisdiction. B. He criticized the policies of the Eisenhower Administration for condoning racism. C. He resisted the Supreme Court's Brown decision to desegregate, which forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops. D. He tried to alter the Arkansas legal system to prevent civil rights demonstrations from occurring in the state.

C

How did the Hernandez v. Texas case affect the civil rights of Mexican Americans? A. It meant that they were no longer excluded from jury duty in court cases. B. It ended the practice of forcing Mexican Americans to attend segregated schools. C. It meant that they could participate more fully in the justice system. D. It showed that Mexican Americans could win a Supreme Court case.

C

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 authorized the federal government to A. transfer oversight of voting registration to the states. B. share oversight of voting registration with the states. C. oversee voting registration and elections in certain states. D. supervise elections in all states.

C

Which event caused the CORE 'freedom ride' in 1961 to become violent? A. African American passengers attacked whites who attempted to board the bus. B. The President withdrew military protections placed along the bus routes. C. Segregationists firebombed a bus after it departed from Anniston, Alabama. D. A mob attacked riders after they used white restrooms in a bus station.

C

Which practice was judged unconstitutional by the Brown v. Board of Education ruling? A. enforcing the Southern Manifesto B. enforcing de facto segregation C. creating separate but equal schools D. creating White Citizens Councils

C

Why did Ella Baker help form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee? A. to organize protests against the passive policies of President Kennedy B. to promote equality for college-educated African Americans C. to expand the civil rights movement to include all African Americans D. to offer an alternative to the NAACP's legal methods of protest

C

Why were the Kerner Commission's findings so controversial? A. It blamed all racial groups for the problems of the urban poor. B. It proposed using some of the funds being spent on the Vietnam War. C. It recommended funding federal programs to solve problems. D. It argued against expanding federal spending to solve problems.

C

How did the Twenty-Fourth Amendment affect the voting rights of African Americans? A. It prevented states from redrawing congressional districts in order to minimize African American votes. B. It prevented states from conducting literacy tests to determine voting eligibility. C. It prevented states from holding protests over African American registration. D. It prevented states from collecting a poll tax that discouraged poor African Americans from voting.

D

How was the strike by Memphis sanitation workers linked to the goals of the civil rights movement? A. Most of the sanitation workers were African Americans. B. Memphis sanitation workers were not well paid. C. The strikers used nonviolent methods. D. They sought to end job-related discrimination.

D

What effect did the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson have on the nation? A. It ensured that segregated facilities for African Americans would be equal in quality to facilities for whites. B. It deprived African Americans of their voting rights. C. It limited segregation to only those states in the South. D. It made segregated schools, parks, restaurants, and other facilities that served the public legal anywhere in the United States.

D

What impact did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have on American law? A. It banned segregation in public schools throughout the country. B. It overturned the majority decision in Brown v. Board of Education. C. It mandated that federal marshals be stationed at public institutions. D. It outlawed discrimination in employment and public accommodations.

D

Where did federal authorities first join the freedom ride to provide the riders with protection? A. Jackson, Mississippi B. Washington, D.C. C. Birmingham, Alabama D. Montgomery, Alabama

D

Why would whites-only primary elections have further weakened the voting power of African Americans? A. because they applied only to elections held in the South B. because many African Americans could not afford the poll tax to vote in primary elections C. because their legality was upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson D. because the few black voters could vote only for candidates chosen by whites

D