US HISTORY Nov 16 test review UNIT 5

Which statement BEST describes President Lincoln's views of the Reconstruction of the South following the Civil War?

"With malice towards none, with charity for all."

Another name for the Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction

10% Plan

Which BEST describes a result of the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?

A slave was not a citizen but rather the property of an owner.

How did the state of Confederate railroads mainly impact that group's efforts in the Civil War?

A sparse amount of rails made it difficult to transport Southern troops and munitions.

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South." Who was the source of this famous statement regarding slavery and sectionalism in the years leading up to the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln

"I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it so far as practicable unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself."

Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address.

Southern state and local elections in 1876 differed from those in previous years in that

African-American candidates won numerous local and state offices.

· Took place on September 17, 1862 · Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced each other · The Confederate offensive was stopped · Was the bloodiest day of the Civil War These are describing the Civil War Battle of

Antietam.

Why was Lincoln's successor Andrew Jackson impeached?

Because of issues surrounding Johnson's post-Civil WarReconstruction policy and, more specifically, his firing of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.

"(They) must make annual contracts for their labor in writing; if they should run away from their tasks, they forfeited their wages for the year. Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work." This passage from 1865 is part of a series of rules immediately after the Civil War that were known as

Black Codes.

The purpose of this pamphlet is to give the public the facts, in the belief that there is still a sense of justice in the American people, and that it will yet assert itself in condemnation of outlawry and in defense of oppressed and persecuted humanity. In this firm belief the following pages will describe the lynching of nine colored men, who were arrested near Palmetto, Georgia, about the middle of March, upon suspicion that they were implicated in the burning of the three houses in February preceding. The nine suspects were not criminals, they were hard-working, law-abiding citizens, men of families...Still they were lynched" - excerpt from Ida B. Wells, "Lynch law in Georgia" How is Ida B. Well's purpose in writing the editorial shown similar to the purpose of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Both hope to draw empathy of the readers to stop the injustice by humanizing the victims

guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race or color, were entitled to the same treatment in public areas (inns, theatres, etc.) - ruled unconstitutional during the Slaughterhouse Cases

Civil Rights Act of 1866

California was initially admitted as a "free state," while citizens of the Utah and New Mexico territories were left to decide the issue for themselves. Which of these set this up?

Compromise of 1850

This was an agreement that California would be admitted to the Union, the slave trade in the District of Columbia would be restricted, and the Fugitive Slave Law would be enforced

Compromise of 1850

an agreement between Republicans & Democrats that ENDED Reconstruction

Compromise of 1877

Race of Delegates to 1867 State Constitutional Conventions State White Black % White Statewide White Population (%) Virginia 80 25 76% 58 North Carolina 107 13 89% 63 South Carolina 48 76 39% 41 Georgia 133 33 80% 54 Florida 28 18 61% 51 Alabama 92 16 85% 52 Mississippi 68 17 80% 46 Which statement BEST describes the essence of this chart?

Despite the many gains since the Civil War, blacks in the Reconstruction Era still struggled to find political participation.

Which statement BEST explains why Reconstruction ended

Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of POLITICAL COMPROMISE.

Beginning in 1879, thousands of African-Americans fled the racial oppression of the Reconstruction-era South and settled in Kansas because of its racial tolerance and abolitionist history. Which term refers to these migrants?

Exodusters

This Virginia town was the site of an attempted slave revolt led by John Brown.

Harper's Ferry

This was a U.S. author who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Which of these BEST describes the Compromise of 1877?

Hayes becomes President and Reconstruction ends.

How did the election of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency impact African Americans in the South?

Hayes ended Reconstruction, which negatively impacted the African American community by returning power to white southern politicians.

Which is the BEST description of Stephen Douglas's stance regarding slavery during the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858?

He supported the idea of "popular sovereignty" and felt that it was the right of the citizens of a territory to permit or prohibit slavery.

Which controversial action did President Lincoln take early in the Civil War that limited the rights of certain U.S. citizens?

He suspended the writ of habeas corpus.

In what region of antebellum America would a scene like this MOST likely have been found?Man in a factory

In what region of antebellum America would a scene like this MOST likely have been found?

He represented the Constitutional Union Party in the Election of 1860. He was from Tennessee, and although he owned slaves, he argued against secession. He carried only 12.6 % of the popular vote and 3 states in the election: Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. What presidential candidate in the Election of 1860 is being described by these facts?

John Bell

In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced this bill to the Senate, to allow states to enter the Union with or without slavery.

Kansas Nebraska Act

A major area of disagreement between Abraham Lincoln and the Radical Republicans was that

Lincoln felt that Reconstruction was primarily the pardoning of individuals, a presidential power.

"Our present condition, achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history of nations, illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established." - Jefferson Davis' "Inaugural Address" as President of the Confederate States of America, February 18, 1861

Lincoln's goal at the start of the Civil War was to preserve the Union.

Historically, the map shown (of usa with trails leading from St. Lous Missouri to the East coast by California ) is relevant because it shows

Manifest destiny route

Which statement BEST represents the information given by the map? (major railroads 1860 of East coast )

More railroads were built in the northeast section of the United States.

Confederate general who after the war formed the KKK

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Was Andrew Johnson found guilty during impeachment trial?

No. He was found innocent and continued his term as President.

What brought on the end of Reconstruction?

President Hayes's REMOVAL of federal troops from the South in 1877

Pro black group of members of Congress who wanted the Federal government to PUNISH the South after the war

Radical Republicans

The situation that resulted in President Andrew Johnson's impeachment was, at its heart, an issue surrounding

Reconstruction of the South.

Andrew Johnson's Plan for reconstruction

Reconstruction plan nicknamed "Restoration"; did not punish the South except for the rich & highest ranking Confederate officers; xxxx opposed equal rights for African Americans

Lincoln's plan for reconstruction

Reconstruction plan that required 10% of the population to swear loyalty; granted amnesty to all Southerners except Confederate leaders; required new Constitution

Which President oversaw the end of the Reconstruction Era?

Rutherford B. Hayes

Which presidential hopeful won the popular vote in the 1876 election but LOST the office of the presidency because of the Compromise of 1877?

Samuel J. Tilden

The new Northern majority in the Congress would make the government of the United States an engine of Northern aggrandizement and that Northern leaders had an agenda to promote the industry of the United States at the expense of the people of the South." --Mississippi Senator Jefferson Davis, 1840.

Sectionalism.

What was Harriet Beecher Stowe's BIGGEST role in the Antebellum United States?

She wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." - The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1865 Which statement describes the effect that the Thirteenth Amendment had on American society?

Slavery was made illegal in the United States.

The "Compromise of 1877" regarding the election dispute between Hayes and Tilden is BEST characterized by which of these facts?

Southern Democrats wanted federal TROOPS WITHDRAWN from the South and voting rights of the freedmen decided by state governments.

Which of these statements accurately describes the terms offered to Lee at Appomattox Court House?

Southern troops were allowed to return to their homes with mules and horses for the spring planting, as long as they promised loyalty to the Union.

Which statement BEST describes the importance of the "border states"?

States that allowed slavery but were loyal to the Union.

In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the capitals of the Reconstruction states. Which of these was an effect of this decision?

Subversive groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the Redeemers regained control of politics in the southern states.

Which of these BEST describes the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The President publicly endorsed the abolition of slavery in southern states.

Which statement describes the attitude of the "Radical Republicans" following the Civil War?

The Southern states have been conquered and should be punished for their actions."

Why did President Lincoln call for martial law and suspend citizen's rights in the border states during the Civil War?

The border states had confederate sympathizers and slave holders so there was division in those states.

Which is the BEST explanation for why the Northern economy was based on industry during the antebellum period?

The geography of the north was better suited for factories than for farming, and the region had a steady supply of labor due to the vast number of immigrants drawn to Northern cities.

Picture of John Brown, The Martyr, Currier and Ives, 1870. How is the concept of "sectionalism" conveyed in this image?

The image conveys support for Northern abolitionists.

13th Amendment (1865)-Abolition of Slavery 14th Amendment (1866)-Definition of Citizenship; Due Process 15th Amendment (1869)-Right to Vote not based on Race or previous servitude What conclusion can be drawn from the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

The passage of the amendments was to abolish slavery and establish rights to previous slaves.

"But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we may take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg, Pennsylvania November 19, 1863 Which of Lincoln's statements did NOT hold true?

The world will not long remember what we say here.

George McClellan→ Henry Halleck→ Joseph Hooker→ George Meade→ ??? Which Civil War general's name would accurately complete the list above?

Ulysses S. Grant

This is the name of the work of fiction, published in 1852, that dramatically portrayed the lives of slaves in the American South, serving as not only a spark in the abolition movement but as a motivating factor of the Civil War.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

In the American Civil War, General Robert E. Lee's military skills were instrumental in leading Confederate forces in

Virginia

Which statement BEST identifies a positive effect of westward expansion in the years before the Civil War?

Westward expansion led to an economic "boom" in the Midwest, as new cities and markets were connected by rail and canals.

Which statement BEST identifies a negative consequence of westward expansion in the years before the Civil War?

Westward expansion led to loss of life and territory for Native Americans and added to the growing conflict between "free" and "slave" states before the Civil War.

In 1848, many men left Oregon and went to California. What was the driving force that led the men to California?

a desire to find gold

Andrew Johnson was impeached, but not convicted, because

a few Republicans voted "not guilty" to stop a possible imbalance in the three branches.

15th Ammendment

amendment that gave VOTING rights to African-American MEN

14th Amendment

amendment that granted CITIZENSHIP to African-Americans

13th Ammendment

amendment that officially BANNED SLAVERY in the US

What was the major effect of the actions shown in this engraving (Union destroying buildings)?

bringing destruction to the Confederate infrastructure

poll tax

charging money in order to vote; used to prevent African-Americans from voting

Radical Republicans supported______________

civil rights for blacks: wanted to enact a sweeping transformation of southern social and economic life, permanently ending the old planter class system, and favored granting freed slaves full-fledged citizenship including voting rights.

"With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." This excerpt from Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address indicates that the president

desired reconciliation and peace between the North and South and a smooth transition back into the Union.

The Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862 was instrumental in what area of society?

education

Which of these groups was promised "Forty Acres and a Mule" after the Civil War?

former slaves

A writ of __________ is used by courts to determine whether or not an accused person can continue to be held in custody.

habeas corpus

Hiram Rhodes Revels was a key figure during the Reconstruction era because

he was the first African-American elected to a seat in the U.S. Congress.

The MAIN purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

help slaves adjust to their newfound freedom.

The North's naval superiority was most important in the U.S. Civil War because

it allowed the North to blockade the South and shut off most of its trade.

The purpose of the Freedman's Bureau was to

provide work, education, and relief for former slaves.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

required Southern states to approve new constitutions and set up a five districts led by Union generals to keep the peace

Abraham Lincoln's biggest objective in the Civil War was to

save the Union.

Jim Crow laws

series of state laws passed after 1877 that segregated African Americans and whites; some placed requirements on African Americans prior to voting

During the first two years of the American Civil War, the war in the East was marked by

significant Confederate victories.

Which statement regarding the era of Reconstruction is FALSE?

state laws and customs upheld the constitutional amendments

Following the Civil War, ___ were very common in Southern agriculture, bringing with them work tools and work animals.

tenant farmers

In the period before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty meant that whether or not a territory allowed slavery would be left up to

territorial legislatures.

Dred Scott Case

the 14th amendment overruled this Supreme Court case in establishing that African Americans born in the US were in fact citizens

"Our present position has been achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history of nations. It illustrates the American idea that government rests upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish a government whenever it becomes destructive of the ends for which it was established. The declared purposes of the compact of Union from which we have withdrawn were to establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, to provide for the common defence, to promote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity; and when in the judgment of the sovereign States now comprising this Confederacy it had been perverted from the purposes for which it was ordained, and had ceased to answer the ends for which it was established, an appeal to the ballot box declared that so far as they were concerned the government created by that compact should cease to exist" --Jefferson Davis, Inaugural Address, 1861. Jefferson Davis would likely point to __________________ as justification for the Confederacy's secession from the Union.

the American Revolution

What agency was created by the United States Congress in 1865 to set up schools and churches, supply food and clothing, and solve employment issues for the former slaves?

the Freedmen's Bureau

"A truce - not a compromise, but a chance for high-toned gentlemen to retire gracefully from their very civil declarations of war." - Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly, Feb. 17, 1877. This cartoon of a hand refers to the end of

the Reconstruction Era.

This Reconstruction-era cartoon shows images of the Ku Klux Klan and the White League. Which organization had similar motives and goals during this time period?

the Red Shirts

agriculture plantation system slave labor In what region were these factors prevalent in the years leading up to the Civil War?

the South

The most significant and longest-lasting impact of the "Gold Rush" of the mid-1800s was

the expansion of Americans across the continent.

The BEST example of conformity in the United States in the 19th century is

the overwhelming response to Lincoln's call for 750,000 troops to serve the Union.

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution What was the main goal of the 15th Amendment?

to grant former slaves voting rights

Ft. Sumter is MOST significant for being

where the first shots of the Civil War were fired.

scalawag

white Southern Republicans who supported the North during the war