U.S History semester 1- Study guide

Identify an important pull factor for immigrants during the 1800's in the United States?

An important pull factor for immigrants during the 1800's in the United States was peace, religious freedom, new job opportunities, peace, and land.

Describe Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction that frustrated Congress.

Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction disenfranchised military officers and people who owned property worth over $20,000. He also let people petition to get out of this rule which upsetted Congress

How did the overproduction of goods affect the economy during the 1920s?

Consumer demand decreased, prices decreased, and the economy slowed.

Define culture

Culture is a group's shared beliefs, values, and ways of life.

The factor that lead to the formation of People's Party in 1891

Deflation was a huge factor that led to the formation of the populist party along with support of labor unions, and peoples distrust of the main political parties. In short it was formed to be a Populist alternative to the Democratic and Republican Parties.

Explain why so many European countries joined WWI so quickly

Each of these countries wanted to keep their empire strong and was afraid of other countries taking over new territories. They saw this as a threat to their own empires.

Describe two push factors to the Great Migration (from the south to the north of the U.S.)

Economic exploitation, social terror and political disenfranchisement were the push factors. The political push factors being Jim Crow, and in particular, disenfranchisement. Black people lost the ability to vote

Explain how mass production changed the type of workers that factory owners wanted to hire

Factory owners wanted to hire unskilled workers so they wouldn't have to pay them as much as skilled workers.

Describe how labor unions fought to improve the workers' pay and the working conditions

For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired.

Congress established the ______________________ in order to help people in need, build schools, and train teachers.

Freedmen's Bureau

What did Franklin Roosevelt promise during his 1932 presidential campaign?

He promised recovery with a "New Deal" for the American people. Roosevelt won by a landslide in both the electoral and popular vote, carrying every state outside of the Northeast and receiving the highest percentage of the popular vote of any Democratic nominee up to that time.

Henry Ford's effect on the automobile industry and society (households across the country)

Henry Ford's impact stretches beyond cars and even his lifetime. He was instrumental in giving higher wages to employees, he changed the way manufacturing plants operated. He was even able to change the economy of a city. Lastly, but certainly not least, he changed the way people travel to this day.

What region of immigrants came through Angel Island?

Immigrants that came through Ellis Island came from the regions of China and Japan

What region of immigrants came through Ellis Island?

Immigrants that came through Ellis Island came from the regions of Europe.

Explain the reasoning that Roosevelt gave as the need for a 2nd New Deal

In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for five major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance, national work relief program (the Works Progress Administration) to replace direct relief efforts

Which new weapon was a big part as why the stalemate went on for so long?

In their search for a weapon that could break the stalemate on the western front, generals turned to a frightening new weapon - poisonous gas. On 22 April 1915 near Ypres, the Germans released chlorine gas from cylinders and allowed the wind to blow the thick, green vapor across to the Allied trenches.

Summarize the living conditions in the typical America city

Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nation's cities. Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines.

Summarize Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow laws were laws that segregated the races. It restricted the rights of African Americans and limited their interaction with one another.

Describe the argument of the Liberal critics of the New Deal

Liberals felt the New Deal did not do enough to help the poor

Explain reasons why manufacturers would resist providing higher wages and safer workplaces to their employees

Manufacturers knew their companies would become less profitable.

List new technology/modern weapons used during WWI

Military technology of the time included important innovations in machine guns, grenades, and artillery, along with essentially new weapons such as submarines, poison gas, warplanes and tanks.

What are poll taxes? Why were they used during Reconstruction?

Poll taxes are a tax that was required in order for citizens to vote. They were used during reconstruction to prevent African Americans from voting.

What was the progressive movement during the early 1900's?

Progressivism, an urban, middle‐class reform movement, supported the government taking a greater role in addressing such issues as the control of big business and the welfare of the public. Many of its accomplishments were based on efforts of earlier reform movements.

Describe the impact both helpful and harmful of the railroad system to the American farmers

Railroads helped farmers by shipping crops to new markets but hurt farmers by charging high shipping rates

Describe home front efforts by Americans to support the war (for example, women)

Service on the Home Front by Louis Hirshman and William Tasker. The United States home front during World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. ... Gasoline, meat, and clothing were tightly rationed.

What is sharecropping? Why did it start happening in the south?

Sharecropping is renting a piece of land from someone and giving a potion of the crop to the land owner as the rent payment. This started happening in the South because slaves had no land and landowners had no people to work.

Arguments made against U.S. imperialism

Some arguments made against US imperialism were the US and Europe's desire to find new sources of raw materials, establish new markets for trade, spread Christianity and Western ideas, and create strategic military bases. The arguments against was un-American and fear of immigration to the US from colonized areas.

Arguments made in favor of U.S. imperialism

Some arguments made in favor of imperialism was that the US had a manifest destiny to spread democracy and peace and therefore had nothing to do with imperialism, it would help with military power, and would make the economy more competitive.

Summarize the 14th Amendment

The 14th amendment granted African Americans the right to citizenship saying that anyone born in the United States was a citizen. It also keeps states from denying the rights to life, liberty, and property without due process. Ratification took place on July 9, 1868

What made the Civil Rights Act of 1866 significant?

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was significant because it guaranteed the rights of African Americans and made it illegal for others to infringe on those rights. The act established the rights of freedmen and made it a crime to mess with these rights. This was in the first time in U.S. history that African Americans were officially considered citizens.

What factors lead to the Dust Bowl?

The Dust Bowl was caused by several economic and agricultural factors, including federal land policies, changes in regional weather, farm economics and other cultural factors. After the Civil War, a series of federal land acts coaxed pioneers westward by incentivizing farming in the Great Plains.

Summarize the 18thAmendment

The Eighteenth Amendment declared the production, transport, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal, though it did not outlaw the actual consumption of alcohol. Shortly after the amendment was ratified, Congress passed the Volstead Act to provide for the federal enforcement of Prohibition.

What was the Harlem Renaissance (for example, Langston Hughes)

The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.

Summarize the reasons why the U.S. entered the war (for example, Zimmermann Telegram)

The U.S. entered World War I because Germany embarked on a deadly gamble. Germany sank many American merchant ships around the British Isles which prompted the American entry into the war

Describe how the invention of the elevator revolutionized the American city

The elevator revolutionised the Vertical transportation and logistics. Prior to that, even though the usual transportation between places was developed mainly because of the advancements in the vehicle and naval transportation, moving things "up" and vertically was super difficult. Mainly moving people. The elevator allowed the development of the Skyscraper. Tall buildings that could house thousands of people and eventually that would become the symbol of America.

Summarize the impact of land grants to the railroad system had of developing industries in the west

The grants allowed industries in the West to grow because they encouraged settlement and new industrial opportunities.

Which hate group was formed by a former Confederate soldier?

The hate group that was formed by former Confederate soldiers was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). This hate group was established in 1866 in Tennessee and wore disguises to hide their identities .

Explain the main reason Congress gave for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson

The main reason that Congress gave to impeach Andrew Jackson was that they were tired of him getting in the way of congressional plans. Also because he violated tenure of office, he was criticizing congress and abusing his presidential powers.

Describe the main reason that the U.S. Government placed restrictions on Asian immigration

The main reason that the U.S Government places restrictions on Asian immigration because many Americans held nativist or racist views and thought they would make the U.S unsafe

Describe the military action that initiated WWI

The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo. The assassin was a supporter of the Kingdom of Serbia, and within a month the Austrian army invaded Serbia.

How did the steel industry change our global standing?

The steel industry changed our global standing because it became one of the most important building materials in the world.

Stock market crash leads to what type of economic consequences that directly affected the people?

The stock market crash crippled the American economy because not only had individual investors put their money into stocks, so did businesses. When the stock market crashed, businesses lost their money. Consumers also lost their money because many banks had invested their money without their permission or knowledge.

Summarize the working conditions in the typical American factory

The working conditions in factories were often harsh. Hours were long, typically ten to twelve hours a day. Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents. Tasks tended to be divided for efficiency's sake which led to repetitive and monotonous work for employees.

Explain why the U.S. government encouraged Panama to declare independence from Colombia

They wanted Panama to become independent since Colombia raised the price for the rights to build the Panama canal.

Describe the goal of Americanization from 1875-1910

To encourage immigrants to assimilate into American culture

What was the purpose behind the "New Deal"

To provide immediate relief to Americans in greatest need, help the nation's recovery, and reform institutions to make future depressions less likely.

Define stalemate

a situation in which further action or progress by opposing or competing parties seems impossible.

Define alliances

a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Roosevelt's philosophy on conservation led to the ____________________________________

creation of national parks.

define Entertainment (Example, "talkies")

the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment.

Describe the argument of the conservative critics of the New Deal

the conservatives felt too much was spent to help the poor.

The suffrage movement focused on the right for women to_______

vote