US History Test #1 Study Questions
In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League
proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.
Florence Kelly (National Consumer's League)
reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers
Child labour in the late 19th century
38 states passed child labour laws. Minimum age of 12 years and maximum workday of 10 hours
Pragmatism
A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations.
Samuel Gompers was the leader of the
American Federation of Labor (focused on skilled workers)
Voter loyalties
American voters had extreme loyalties towards their chosen party
American Protective Association
An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration
The "internal combustion engine" was developed in
France, Germany and Austria(?)
Anarchists in the United States were responsible for the
Haymarket bombing
The business structure of standard oil is a good example of
Horizontal integration
Taylorism
Scientific management made human labour compatible with the demands of the machine age. Employers should reorganise the production process by subdividing tasks.
By 1890, populations in the biggest urban areas consisted of...
African Americans and immigrants
Populations of immigrants in Chicago, New York, and Detroit
Chicago: 87% , New York: 80% , Detroit 84%
Tammany Hall was a
Corrupted political machine that landed boss tweed in jail because of his extravagant use of public funds and kickbacks
1870s-1880s most immigrants came from...
England, Ireland, and Northern Europe
Political machines owed their existence to
Immigrants looking to assimilate into American life
Social Darwinism
Individuals rose or feel in a society according to their innate "fitness"
The "city beautiful" movement in the US was inspired, in part, by
Movement strove to impose a similar order and symmetry on the disordered life of cities around the country
Automobile production in 1917
Nearly 5 million
The first successful oil production occurred in...
Pennsylvania
Gospel of wealth
People of great wealth had not only great power but also a great responsibility to use their riches to advance social progress. "Private wealth as a public blessing"
Labour contract law meant what to immigrants
Permitted industrial workers to pay for the passage of workers in advance and deduct the amount later in their wages. Repealed I. 1885
The pull market strike began when George Pullman did what to wages
Pullman company slashed wages by about 25 percent, citing its own declining revenues in the depression, without lowering the rent it charged its employees
Efforts to reduce poverty in America
The Salvation Army attempted to help the issue of poverty. Little action was taken.
In the late 19th century, the surge of farming in the West was a result of...
The arrival of miners, the empire building of cattle ranchers, and the dispersal of indian tribes
Henry Ford mass production success
The assembly line
Social Darwinist argues that those who failed economically did so because
They were unfit for success. Capitalist argued that they earned their wealth through the honest, all-American virtues of competition and the free market
1900s work conditions in American factories
Unskilled workers, no job security due to technological advances, long work days, dangerous jobs, women and children often hired for lower wages
The business structure of Carnegie steel was a good example of
Vertical integration
The steel industry first emerged in...
Western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio
Pullman Strike of 1894
threatened to stop the delivery of U.S. mail by shutting down the nation's railroad lines, federal government stuck did not support union.