US History Test #1 Study Questions

In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League

proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.

Florence Kelly (National Consumer's League)

reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers

Child labour in the late 19th century

38 states passed child labour laws. Minimum age of 12 years and maximum workday of 10 hours

Pragmatism

A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations.

Samuel Gompers was the leader of the

American Federation of Labor (focused on skilled workers)

Voter loyalties

American voters had extreme loyalties towards their chosen party

American Protective Association

An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration

The "internal combustion engine" was developed in

France, Germany and Austria(?)

Anarchists in the United States were responsible for the

Haymarket bombing

The business structure of standard oil is a good example of

Horizontal integration

Taylorism

Scientific management made human labour compatible with the demands of the machine age. Employers should reorganise the production process by subdividing tasks.

By 1890, populations in the biggest urban areas consisted of...

African Americans and immigrants

Populations of immigrants in Chicago, New York, and Detroit

Chicago: 87% , New York: 80% , Detroit 84%

Tammany Hall was a

Corrupted political machine that landed boss tweed in jail because of his extravagant use of public funds and kickbacks

1870s-1880s most immigrants came from...

England, Ireland, and Northern Europe

Political machines owed their existence to

Immigrants looking to assimilate into American life

Social Darwinism

Individuals rose or feel in a society according to their innate "fitness"

The "city beautiful" movement in the US was inspired, in part, by

Movement strove to impose a similar order and symmetry on the disordered life of cities around the country

Automobile production in 1917

Nearly 5 million

The first successful oil production occurred in...

Pennsylvania

Gospel of wealth

People of great wealth had not only great power but also a great responsibility to use their riches to advance social progress. "Private wealth as a public blessing"

Labour contract law meant what to immigrants

Permitted industrial workers to pay for the passage of workers in advance and deduct the amount later in their wages. Repealed I. 1885

The pull market strike began when George Pullman did what to wages

Pullman company slashed wages by about 25 percent, citing its own declining revenues in the depression, without lowering the rent it charged its employees

Efforts to reduce poverty in America

The Salvation Army attempted to help the issue of poverty. Little action was taken.

In the late 19th century, the surge of farming in the West was a result of...

The arrival of miners, the empire building of cattle ranchers, and the dispersal of indian tribes

Henry Ford mass production success

The assembly line

Social Darwinist argues that those who failed economically did so because

They were unfit for success. Capitalist argued that they earned their wealth through the honest, all-American virtues of competition and the free market

1900s work conditions in American factories

Unskilled workers, no job security due to technological advances, long work days, dangerous jobs, women and children often hired for lower wages

The business structure of Carnegie steel was a good example of

Vertical integration

The steel industry first emerged in...

Western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio

Pullman Strike of 1894

threatened to stop the delivery of U.S. mail by shutting down the nation's railroad lines, federal government stuck did not support union.