U.S. History to 1865 Final Exam
Small slaveholders accounted for about ___ of white families in the South. a) 60 percent b) 20 percent c) 40 percent d) 50 percent
20 percent
By 1700, more than ___ slaves had been brought to English colonies in the West Indies. a) 20,000 b) 750,000 c) 1 million d) 250,000
250,000
Nearly ___ million slaves lived in the South by 1860. a) 16 b) 8 c) 4 d) 12
4
The national census of 1790 counted nearly ___ Americans. a) 1.3 million b) 4 million c) 10 million d) 16 million
4 million
Just under ____ percent of all southerners were slaves. a) 50 b) 10 c) 40 d) 20
40
The Mexican Cession of 1848 added ___ acres to the United States. a) 500,000 b) 2 million c) 5 million d) 25,000
500,000
____ led to the unificiation of Spain. a) A papal decree b) A marriage c) The discovery of the Americas d) Warfare
A marriage
Which of the following was a consequence of Tyler's repeated use of his veto power to block the reestablishment of the Bank of the United States? a) He was impeached by Congress. b) The country fell into a deep depression. c) He resigned the presidency before his term was out. d) All but one member of his cabinet resigned.
All but one member of his cabinet resigned.
In which of the following states was slavery rapidly growing in the 1840s and 1850s? a) Virginia b) Maryland c) Delaware d) Arkansas
Arkansas
The Second Great Awakening was led by the Methodists and the ____. a) Episcopalians b) Anglicans c) Congregationalists d) Baptists
Baptists
Which of the following gained election to the Royal Society? a) John Wesley b) Benjamin Franklin c) Jonathan Edwards d) George Whitefield
Benjamin Franklin
In the mid-fourteenth century, a plague known as ____ struck Europe. a) Charlemagne's Plague b) Yellow Fever c) Black Death d) Falling Sickness
Black Death
In what way did Maryland come to resemble Virginia? a) Both were religiously homogenous. b) Both relied on tobacco cultivation to sustain their economies. c) Both were established by joint-stock companies. d) Both were founded to preserve religious freedom.
Both relied on tobacco cultivation to sustain their economies.
What did John Adams view as the gravest threat to American security and prosperity? a) British military policies b) British trade policies c) British Indian policies d) British diplomatic politices
British trade policies
Maryland was founded as a refuge for ___. a) Quakers b) runaway slaves c) Catholics d) European Jews
Catholics
Which of the following helped convince the Puritans who founded Massachusetts to leave England? a) Charles I's aggressive efforts to suppress them b) the belief that the Anglican Church could not be reformed c) a desire for adventure and profit d) disagreement with other radical Protestants about religious issues
Charles I's aggressive efforts to suppress them
What prompted France to enter the competition for New World territory in the first half of the sixteenth century? a) shifts in public opinion in France b) Cortes's conquest of the Aztecs c) the desire for better access to slave labor d) France's chronic fiscal problems
Cortes's conquest of the Aztecs
___ published his "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" in 1829. a) David Walker b) William Lloyd Garrison c) Frederick Douglass d) James Madison
David Walker
Nonslaveholding farmers, especially in the Lower South, tended to support the ____ Party. a) Know Nothing b) Democratic c) Whig d) Free Soil
Democratic
The expansion of French influence in Canada alarmed the ___. a) Spanish b) English c) Dutch d) Portuguese
English
Why did farming lead to population growth in the Americas? a) Farming produced a more varied diet than did hunting and gathering. b) Farming produced a more secure food supply than did hunting and gathering. c) Farming communities were less susceptible to disease. d) Farming communities were less warlike than nomadic clans.
Farming produced a more secure food supply than did hunting and gathering.
____ were the driving force behind Spain's efforts to control New Mexico and Florida. a) Jesuit missionaries b) Mercenary soldiers c) Merchant companies d) Franciscan priests
Franciscan priests
American negotiators feared that the ___ might strike a bargain with the British at the expense of the United States. a) Iroquois b) Dutch c) Russians d) French
French
From the time of the Glorious Revolution, English foreign policy aimed at limiting the expansion of ____ influence. a) Russian b) Prussian c) French d) Austrian
French
The Spanish advance into Texas met with resistance from the ___. a) Cherokee b) English c) Iroquois d) French
French
The original base of cotton cultivation in the United States was South Carolina and ____. a) Alabama b) Mississippi c) Louisiana d) Georgia
Georgia
Which of the following was an important difference between German and Irish immigrants in the 1840s? a) Germans were more likely to have been property owners before they left their homes. b) The vast majority of Germans settled in the port city through which they entered the country. c) The Irish usually entered the United States through Baltimore or New Orleans. d) The Irish left home for primarily political reasons.
Germans were more likely to have been property owners before they left their homes.
Hamilton's plan for dealing with the national debt was passed by congress after _____. a) Hamilton agreed to drop his national bank plan b) Hamilton withdrew his Report on Manufacturers c) Hamilton agreed that the entire debt would be paid back right away d) Hamilton made a deal with Jefferson and Madison
Hamilton made a deal with Jefferson and Madison
Why was Polk willing to compromise with Britain over Oregon? a) He had been bribed by the British. b) He had promised to do so during the election of 1844. c) He did not want to fight a two-front war. d) The British were willing to make a deal that was favorable to the United States.
He did not want to fight a two-front war.
How did Andrew Jackson respond to Supreme Court rulings that declared Indian removal in Georgia unconstitutional? a) He slowed, but did not stop, Indian removal. b) He ignored them. c) He pleaded with the Georgia legislature to reconsider its position. d) He ordered impeachment hearings against the Chief Justice.
He ignored them.
How did Lincoln respond to the Fort Sumter crisis? a) He ordered the fort's commander to evacuate the fort. b) He sent provisions to the fort, but no fresh troops. c) He sent both troops and provisions to the fort. d) He ordered the fort's commander to bombard Charleston.
He sent provisions to the fort, but no fresh troops.
In what way was Andrew Jackson different than all previous presidents? a) He used his veto power much more frequently. b) He was from the south. c) He was a member of a political party. d) He refused to run for a second term.
He used his veto power much more frequently.
Why did Henry Clay convince Nicholas Biddle to apply to Congress for a new charter for the Bank of the United States four years early? a) He was worried about volatility in the U.S. economy. b) He was sure the application would be denied. c) He wanted to use the bank as an issue in the presidential election of 1832. d) He was acting on Jackson's orders.
He wanted to use the bank as an issue in the presidential election of 1832.
Which of the following helps explain why Congress chose George Washington to command the Continental Army? a) He was the wealthiest man in North America. b) He was from Virginia. c) He had served with the British army in Europe. d) He had rise to the rank of general in the British army.
He was from Virginia.
____ was associated with the American System. a) William Crawford b) Henry Clay c) Andrew Jackson d) James Madison
Henry Clay
The single largest group in the Mexican Southwest was the ___. a) Spainards b) Indians c) criollos d) mestizos
Indians
Which of the following was an advantage of the rendezvous system? a) It made it harder for Indians to raise fur prices. b) It kept the British out of the fur trade. c) It eliminated the need for trading posts deep in Indian territory. d) It facilitated later settlement by farmers.
It elminated the need for trading posts deep in Indian territory.
Why was the Battle of New Orleans important? a) It ended any possibility of a British sphere of influence in Louisiana. b) It forced the British to sue for peace. c) It convinced the French not to enter the war. d) It convinced the Spanish not to enter the way.
It ended any possibility of a British sphere of influence in Louisiana.
Which of the following was true of Uncle Tom's Cabin? a) It emphasized the intellectual and moral inferiorirty of blacks. b) It focused public attention on how slavery subverted Christianity. c) It was as popular in the South as in the North. d) It sold very few copies in the first year after its publication.
It focused public attention on how slavery subverted Christianity.
Which of the following is true of the British Constitution? a) It was reviled by proponents of the republicanism. b) It was first codified in 1215. c) It is not a written document. d) It was first codified in 1688.
It is not a written document.
Which of the following best characterizes the English colonization of Ireland in the 1560s? a) It occurred at the behast of the Irish people. b) It ended religious and political strife in Ireland. c) It was accomplished through patient diplomacy. d) It was accomplished through brutal conquest.
It was accomplished through brutal conquest.
Which of the following was true of West African slavery? a) It was not necessarily a permanent status. b) It automatically applied to the children of slaves. c) It was rooted in ideas of racial difference. d) It was rooted in ideas of religious difference.
It was not necessarily a permanent status.
What made the Washington Temperance Society different from earlier temperance societies? a) It reached a mass audience. b) It was started by small businessmen and artisans. c) It had close connections to the benevolent empire. d) It was led by evangelical reformers.
It was started by small businessmen and artisans.
What made the Stamp Act different from previous taxes on the colonies? a) It was the first income tax. b) It was the first export duty. c) It was the first import duty. d) It was the first internal tax.
It was the first internal tax.
____ took the leading role in shepherding the amendments that would become the Bill of Rights through Congress. a) James Monroe b) James Madison c) George Washington d) Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
Jackson claimed that his aim was to restore the federal government to the ideal of ____. a) Revolutionary purity b) Washingtonian federalism c) Hamiltonian efficiency d) Jeffersonian republicanism
Jeffersonian republicanism
____ in New France tried to convert local Indians to Christianity. a) Coureurs de bois b) Government officials c) Jesuit missionaries d) Puritan preachers
Jesuit missionaries
_____ led the American negotiations with Spain over trade in 1786. a) John Adams b) John Jay c) Alexander Hamilton d) Ben Franklin
John Jay
Which of the following best explains the failure of the Whigs to enact their legislative program between 1840 and 1844? a) the unpopularity of their program b) incompetent leadership c) increasing international tensions d) John Tyler's vetoes
John Tyler's vetoes
Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, and ___ entered the Union between 1816 and 1821. a) Iowa b) Maine c) Wisconsin d) South Carolina
Maine
In 1774, both houses of the British Parliament declared ___ to be in a state of rebellion. a) Pennsylvania b) Massachusetts c) Maryland d) New York
Massachusetts
The ____ created Mesoamerica's most advanced writing and calendrical systems. a) Mayans b) Incas c) Aztecs d) Olmecs
Mayans
Which of the following was true of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention? a) All of the delegates were lawyers. b) More than one-third of the delegates had fought in the Revolution. c) They were a representative cross-section of American society. d) Four out of five were born outside of the United States.
More than one-third of the delegates had fought in the Revolution.
Which of the following characterizes public opinion on slavery in the colonies in the 1760s and 1770s? a) Most colonists were unwilling to endorse the abolition of slavery. b) Most colonists supported the abolition of slavery, but were unwilling to join antislavery organizations. c) Most colonists were opposed to slavery. d) Most colonists were active and enthusiastic supporters of slavery.
Most colonists were unwilling to endorse the abolition of slavery.
Whose broken promise contributed to worsening Anglo-American tensions in 1810? a) George III b) Lord North c) James Madison d) Napoleon
Napoleon
Which of the following was true of Nat Turner's Rebellion? a) Nat Turner was never captured. b) Nat Turner's rebels terrorized the South Carolina countryside. c) Nat Turner's conspiracy to revel was discovered before it could be launched. d) Nat Turner was inspired by prophetic visions.
Nat Turner was inspired by prophetic visions.
Which of the following contributed to the intensification of vocal support for slavery from the 1830s on? a) The Stono Rebellion b) The election of Franklin Pierce c) Nat Turner's Rebellion d) The Panic of 1837
Nat Turner's Rebellion
By 1840, ____ led the nation in both urbanization and industrialization. a) the Upper South b) the Midwest c) the Lower South d) New England
New England
The Land Ordinances of 1785 adopted the ____ system of land settlement. a) New York b) Virginia c) Western d) New England
New England
The Whigs enjoyed the most support in which of the following regions? a) The West b) The Lower South c) The Upper South d) New England
New England
Which of the following regions attracted the fewest immigrants in the eighteenth century? a) New England b) the backcountry c) the Mid-Atlantic d) the Lower South
New England
The ____ Plan kept the basic structure of the Confederation Congress. a) Rhode Island b) Virginia c) New Jersey d) Connecticut
New Jersey
Which of the following accurately characterizes Indian views on land ownership? a) Indians did not believe anyone could claim sovereignty over a given territory. b) No Indian claimed individual ownership of a specific tract of land. c) Indians held the notion of private property to be sacred. d) Indians believed that land sale transferred the right to claim ownership of land, but not the right to use it.
No Indian claimed individual ownership of a specific tract of land.
Of the roughly 70,000 loyalists who became refugees, the majority fled to ____. a) Nova Scotia and Upper Canada b) the western territories c) the West Indies d) Britain
Nova Scotia and Upper Canada
Which of the following was true of the American militias in the early months of the war? a) Most soldiers were drafted into the army. b) Most soldiers were from the middle classes. c) Officers were often elected. d) A majority of soldiers had prior military experience.
Officers were often elected.
Why did Stephen A. Douglas seek passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? a) He thought it was the only moral solution to the issue of slavery. b) Passage would facilitate the construction of a transcontinental railroad. c) Passage would ensure a Democratic majority in the Senate. d) He believed it would lead to a relaxation of sectional tensions.
Passage would facilitate the construction of a transcontinential railroad.
Republican strategists concluded that they should pick a candidate who could appeal to voters in ____. a) Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey b) Wisconsin, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont c) Maryland, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia d) New York, Ohio, Michigan, and Maine
Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey
As 1777 drew to a close, the Continental Army established its winter camp outside ___ at Valley Forge. a) Philadelphia b) Boston c) Hartford d) New York City
Philadelphia
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the start of the Mexican-American War? a) Santa Anna deliberately set out to draw the United States into a war. b) Polk deliberately set out to draw Mexico into a war. c) Neither side really wanted to go to war in 1846. d) The Whigs were determined to start a war with Mexico.
Polk deliberately set out to draw Mexico into a war.
In the seventeenth century, the Dutch competed with the ___ for control of the West African slave trade. a) English b) Spanish c) French d) Portuguese
Portuguese
The ___ prohibited white settlement west of the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains. a) Townshend Act b) Coercive Acts c) Declatory Act d) Proclamation of 1763
Proclamation of 1763
The Intolerable Acts included the Coercive Acts and the ___. a) Port Act b) Declaratory Act c) Proclamation Act d) Quebec Act
Quebec Act
Which state blocked Robert Morris's efforts to create a 5 percent national tax on imported goods? a) Rhode Island b) Virginia c) South Carolina d) New York
Rhode Island
Most German immigrants from the Rhine Valley traveled to ____. a) British North America b) the West Indies c) Spain or Italy d) Russia and Prussia
Russia and Prussia
Under the leadership of Thayendanegea, the Mohawks and the ___ joined the British. a) Cherokee b) Oneidas c) Senecas d) Tuscaroras
Senecas
The first migrants to the Americas originated in _____. a) Western Europe b) modern China c) Southeast Asia d) Siberia
Siberia
The ___ were the dominant power on the northern and central Great Plains. a) Kiowa b) Sioux c) Creek d) Pawnee
Siouz
Which of the following was true of slavery in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? a) The French economy depended on slave labor. b) Slavery persisted longer in Southern Europe than in other regions. c) Slavery had disappeared from Europe by 1600. d) English law made no provisions to protect personal freedom.
Slavery persisted longer in souther Europe than in other regions.
Timbuktu was an important center of trade and government for the ____. a) kingdom of Mali b) Songhai Empire c) kingdom of Benin d) Ghanaian Empire
Songhai Empire
The Trans-Continental Treaty of 1819 resolved a number of outstanding issues between the United States and ____. a) France b) Spain c) Russia d) Britain
Spain
Which of the following had the greatest presence on the North American mainland in 1763? a) France b) Portugal c) Russia d) Spain
Spain
In adopting slave labor in the West Indies, English planters followed the example set by ____ plantations. a) Dutch and Portuguese b) French and Dutch c) Spanish and Portuguese d) French and Spanish
Spanish and Portuguese
Who was most responsible for getting the compromise through the Senate? a) John C. Calhoun b) Henry Clay c) Stephen A. Douglas d) William Seward
Stephen A. Douglas
John Tyler was intent on annexing ___. a) California b) New Mexico c) Florida d) Texas
Texas
In what way did the 1680 Pueblo Revolt differ from Bacon's rebellion and King Philip's War? a) The Indians won. b) It was sparked by disputes over land. c) It involved a number of European powers. d) It was launched by Europeans.
The Indians won.
Why did the Americans try to take the British military post at Detroit in 1778? a) The fort coordinated attacks on settlements in Kentucky. b) The fort guared a large supply of weapons. c) The fort had immense strategic importance. d) The fort was the key to controlling the Mississippi River.
The fort coordinated attacks on settlements in Kentucky.
Which of the following best characterizes economic trends in eighteenth-century American cities? a) More and more working poor people entered the middle classes. b) Heavy taxes made it difficult for wealthy people to grow wealthier. c) The gap between rich and poor grew larger. d) Demand for labor fell along with demand for colonial exports.
The gap between rich and poor grew larger.
___ resisted compulsory-school attendance laws and a longer school year. a) The laboring poor b) Eastern elites c) The middle classes d) Protestant churches
The laboring poor
Which of the following advantages did the Mid-Atlantic region have over New England? a) It had closer ties to Britain. b) The soil was better. c) Its economy was focused more on manufacturing than agriculture. d) Its society was more homogenous.
The soil was better.
Which of the following best characterizes reaction in the north to the execution of John Brown? a) Most people in the North responded with stoic resignation. b) The was an outpouring of grief and admiration c) Most northerners saw Brown as a mad man and were happy he was dead. d) There was little if any overt reaction in the North to the event.
There was an outpouring of grief and admiration.
Why did southern congressmen agree to a ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory? a) They were bribed to do so. b) They did not expect slavery to survive in the United States for so long. c) They gained new tax exemptions in exchange for their government. d) They expected slavery to be allowed in the region south of the Ohio River.
They expected slavery to be allowed in the region south of the Ohio River.
Which of the following was true of the Articles of Confederation? a) The gave Congress the power to tax in time of war. b) They created a separate executive branch. c) They created a supreme court. d) They gave Congress the power to declare war.
They gave Congress the power to declare war.
How did the British justify their decisions to keep their western forts after the Revolutionary War was over? a) They claimed that they had never agreed to give them up. b) They claimed they were threatened by both French and Spanish forces. c) They made no real effort to justify their actions. d) They pointed to the failure of the United States to live up to the terms of the Treaty of Paris.
They pointed to the failure of the United States to live up to the terms of the Treaty of Paris.
Which of the following best characterizes the attitudes and allegiances of most settlers in the lower Midwest? a) They tended to distrust centralized authority. b) They tended to oppose slavery. c) They tended to see themselves as Yankees. d) They tended to vote for the Whig Party.
They tended to distrust centralized authority.
Why did the British increase their imports to the U.S. in 1815 and 1816? a) They had pent up supply following the Napoleonic Wars. b) They were required to do so by the terms of the Treaty of Ghent. c) They needed to raise revenue to pay for the War of 1812. d) They wanted to inhibit the growth of the American industry.
They wanted to inhibit the growth of American industry.
What was the most important function of Hamilton's Bank of the United States? a) To provide loans to the government b) To provide the nation with a stable currency c) To support private investment d) To finance the army
To provide the nation with a stable currency
Advocates of colonial rights took to calling themselves Whigs and their opponents ___. a) Monarchists b) Conservatives c) Tories d) Republicans
Tories
The ___ was the largest and most important new department in Washington's administration. a) State b) Treasury c) Interior d) War
Treasury
Why did planters in Virginia and Maryland begin to shift from servants to slaves in the 1680s? a) The white population of the Chesapeake began to shrink. b) The laws governing indentured servitutde were changed. c) The average size of plantations increased dramatically. d) White indentured servants became harder to find.
White indentured servants became harder to find.
____ implemented a strategy that led to British victory in the Seven Years' War. a) William Pitt b) Edward Braddock c) Lord Loudoun d) Charles Townshend
William Pitt
The Lincoln-Douglas debates took place in the context of ____. a) a U.S. House of Representatives election in Illinois b) an Illinois legislative assembly election c) a U.S. senate election in Illinois d) a presidential election in Illinois
a U.S. senate election in Illinois
By the 1850s, the Upper South had ____. a) a labor shortage b) surpassed the Lower South in cotton cultivation c) a labor surplus d) more black slaves than free whites
a labor shortage
Which of the following would be most likely to approve of the Lecompton Constitution? a) a northern Democrat b) a southern Democrat c) a Conscience Whig d) a Republican
a southern Democrat
Conflict between the English and the Dutch in the seventeenth century grew out of ____. a) deep religious differences b) a struggle for trade supremacy c) dynastic politics d) a tangled web of European alliances
a struggle for trade supremacy
The Mayflower Compact bound all signers to _____. a) fight for liberty and freedom b) contribute money to the church c) respect the religious beliefs of all settlers d) abide by the decisions of the majority
abide by the decisions of the majority
Spanish missionaries insisted that Indian converts ___. a) speak only Spanish b) fight for them in times of war c) renounce familial loyalties d) adopt Spanish ways of life
adopt Spanish ways of life
Nathaniel Bacon led a violent campaign against ___. a) Catholic settlers b) free blacks c) The Cherokee d) all Indians
all Indians
The goal of the American Colonization Society was to make America ____. a) a mirror of Great Britain b) all free and all white c) a land of racial diversity and equality d) a segregated society
all free and all white
The Direct Tax of 1798 was enacted to pay for ___. a) an expanded military b) the construction of Washington D.C. c) Spanish lands in the West d) the federal judicial system
an expanded military
The gag rule prevented congressional debate of ____. a) cotton tariffs b) fugitive slave laws c) antislavery petitions d) temperance proposals
antislavery petitions
Most of the members of the Sons of Liberty were ___. a) unskilled laborers and apprentices b) wealthy merchants and lawyers c) artisans and shopkeepers d) planters and farmers
artisans and shopkeepers
Deists viewed God ____. a) as a master clockmaker b) as a close personal friend c) as dynamic presence in the lives of individuals d) as a strange and dangerous adversary
as a master clockmaker
The Peace of Paris ___. a) was a unilateral treaty between Britain and America. b) ignored economic considerations c) was a disappointment for the Americans d) awarded significant North American territory to SPain
awarded significant North American territory to Spain
In 1689, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights, which ____. a) bound future monarchs to abide by the rule of law b) listed the rights of individual English counties c) defined the relationship between Britain and its colonies d) ended monarchial rule in England
bound future monarchs to abide by the rule of law
The Battle of Fallen Timbers ______. a) made General Anthony Wayne a laughingstock b) broke the back of Indian resistance in Ohio c) was a turning point in the struggle for control of Florida d) split apart the Iroquois Confederation
broke the back of Indian resistance in Ohio
Which of the following was the main factor in the dramatic increase in the number free blacks between 1750 and 1800? a) the rise antislavery sentiment in the Lower South b) a dramatic increase in African American birthrates c) changes begun by the Revolution d) the demise of plantation agriculture in the mid-Atlantic region
changes begun by the Revolution
Local associations known as ___ enforced the rights of squatters to purchase land they had settled and improved. a) claims clubs b) free soil clubs c) citizens' bands d) regulator parties
claims clubs
In the first half of the eighteenth century, the most direct political confrontations between Britain and the colonies focused on the role of ___. a) colonial governors b) the British army c) the British navy d) Parliametn
colonial governors
The vast majority of the American tobacco crop was eventually sold to consumers in ____. a) New England b) Asia c) continental Europe d) Britain
continental Europe
Which of the following gave rise to the Regulator movement in South Carolina? a) criminal activity in the aftermath of the Cherokee War b) a military draft imposed by the colonial legislature c) the trial and execution of a popular backcountry farmer d) new British import duties
criminal activity in the aftermath of the Cherokee War
Eastern merchants and planters tended to see the inhabitants of the backcountry as ___. a) quaint b) heroic c) inhuman d) crude
crude
Shays's Rebellion can best be seen as a conflict between ___. a) debtors and creditors b) whites and Indians c) blacks and whites d) new immigrants and more established Americans
debtors and creditors
The War of 1812 was officially a war to ____. a) seize Canada b) defend individual liberty and civil rights c) drive the British from North America d) defend American neutrality
defend American neutrality
The Ladies' Association of Philadelphia was established in 1780 to ____. a) urge men to enlist in the army b) spy on the British c) demonstrate women's loyalty to Britain d) demonsrate women's patriotism
demonstrate women's patriotism
European slave traders ____. a) faced stiff resistance from most African rulers. b) established independent kingdoms in West Africa c) almost always paid for slaves with gold d) did not themselves enslave Africans
did not themselves enslave Africans
Which of the following was the leading cause of death on the Oregon Trail? a) Indian attacks b) disease c) accidents d) starvation
disease
New Netherland was notable for its ____. a) diversity b) disinterest in trade c) large population d) efficient government
diversity
Which of the following helps explain the Democratic victory in the election of 1852? a) the Dred Scott decision b) divisions within the Whigs c) events in Europe d) a sharp economic downturn
divisions within the Whigs
Colonists stressed ___ arguments in their petitions against the Sugar Act. a) religious b) political c) economic d) ethical
economic
The Navigation Act of 1651 was intended to ____. a) help Britain gain a foothold in India and North Africa b) cripple the Spanish economy c) eliminate Dutch competition in overseas trade d) enrich the British colonies in North America
eliminate Dutch competition in overseas trade
The Judiciary Act of 1801 ___. a) reduced the number of Supreme Court justices b) was opposed by the Federalists c) raised the pay of federal judges d) enlarged the judiciary
enlarged the judiciary
In 1834, General Santa Anna ____. a) was elected president b) established himself as a dictator c) attacked the Alamo d) overturned the liberal Mexican constitution of 1824
established himself as dictaor
The Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers, believed that ____. a) the English monarchy was illegitmate b) God determined who would be saved at the beginning of time c) every soul had a spark of grace d) North America belonged to them, and them alone
every soul had a spark of grace
The 1836 decision of the Bank of England to tighten its credit policies led to ___. a) skyrocketing land prices b) falling cotton prices c) hyperinflation d) a shortage of staple crops
falling cotton prices
What labor system was predominant in New England in 1750? a) wage labor b) indentured servitude c) family farms d) slavery
family farms
The Federalists _____. a) favored strong central government b) opposed Jay's Treaty c) generally supported the French Revolution d) drew their strongest support from the South and the West
favored strong central government
In the seventeenth century, the vast majority of southern slaves were ____. a) skilled laborers b) domestic servants c) artisans and craftspeople d) field hands
field hands
By 1784, the constitutions of all thirteen states guaranteed ___. a) the right of all free adults to vote b) the right to own slaves c) freedom of the press d) the right to bear arms
freedom of the press
Born a slave, Anthony Johnson ____. a) became a leading abolitionist b) escaped and fled north when he was sixteen c) died a slave d) gained his freedom and purchased slaves of his own
gained his freedom and purchased slaves of his own
The Townshend Duty Act of 1767 imposed new duties on a number of products, including ____. a) glass b) indigo c) cod d) wheat
glass
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court overturned a law that ___. a) funded the construction of a railroad b) segregated railroad cars c) granted a monopoly on steamboat service d) shut down a canal
granted a monopoly on steamboat service
William Lloyd Garrison supported the idea of ___. a) greater roles for women in the abolitionist movement b) limited equality for blacks c) distinct roles for men and women in the abolitionist movement d) gradual, compensated emancipation
greater roles for women in the abolitionist movement
Proponents of Manifest Destiny argued that Americans ____. a) were defined by their beliefs, not by their ancestry b) had a superior racial pedigree c) should not venture west of the Mississippi River d) were strong because they were diverse
had a superior racial pedigree
Percentages of slave ownership and of slaves in the overall population of the Upper South were roughly ___ than those in the cotton South. a) one tenth b) the same as c) half d) double
half
Most planters expected their wives to ____. a) work with them in the fields b) do little or no labor c) remain out of the public eye d) help supervise the slaves
help supervise the slaves
After 1663, the French government _____. a) improved Canada's military defenses b) gave control of New France to a private company c) began shipping large numbers of settlers to New France d) turned its back on New France
improved Canada's military defenses
The Specie Circular stipulated that ___ could only be purchased with hard currency. a) large tracts of public land b) shares in overseas companies c) cotton d) slaves
large tracts of public land
In all slave states except Louisiana, slaves could not ____. a) be freed by their masters b) work in factories c) learn how to work as a blacksmith d) legally marry
legally marry
Jefferson replaced Washington and Adams's levees with ___. a) less formal dinners b) state banquets open to the public c) elaborate balls d) breakfast meetings
less formal dinners
The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms ____. a) listed colonial grievances b) declared the colonies to be in a state of treasonous rebellion c) justified slave rebellions d) was meant to protect the Americans from prosecution after the war
listed colonial grievances
The repartimiento was a(n) ____. a) mandatory draft of Indian labor for public projects b) punishment inflicted on Indians who refused to attend religious services c) special tax imposed by the Spanish on non-Catholics d) administrative division within the Spanish colonial government
mandatory draft of Indian labor for public projects
Mormonism assigned complete spiritual and secular authority to ___. a) men b) lay preachers c) priests d) government officials
men
What was the primary motive behind the Dutch overseas expansion? a) religion b) overpopulation c) political persecution d) money
money
Most eighteenth-century American colonists lived in ___. a) one or two room dwellings b) log cabins c) two story houses d) apartment buildings
one or two room dwellings
The Southwest Ordinance _____. a) limited the total number of slaves that could be brought into the old Southwest b) said nothing about the status of slavery in the Old Southwest c) required a vote on slavery when a territory became a state d) opened all territories south of the Ohio River to slavery
opened all territories south of the Ohio River to slavery
The Whigs chose their party name because of its association with ____. a) Jeffersonian republicanism b) the antislavery movement c) English common law traditions d) opponents of monarchial tyranny
opponents of monarchial tyranny
The Liberty Party _____. a) condoned racial discrimination b) grew out of the American Colonization Society c) opposed any expansion of slavery in the territories d) was rejected by most black abolitionists
opposed any expansion of slavery in the territories
The Mennonites and the Moravians stressed ____. a) the creation of wealth b) rational discourse over emotional responses c) social conformity above all else d) personal piety over theological doctrine
personal piety over theological doctrine
Who benefited most directly from the expansion of voting rights in the early nineteenth century? a) Southern planters b) free blacks c) urban elites d) poor white men
poor white men
John Calvin is most closely associated with the doctrine of _____. a) salvation through good works b) predestination c) purgatory d) papal infallibility
predestination
Which of the following agricultural tasks was primarily the responsibility of West African men? a) harvesting crops b) preparing fields for planting c) weeding fields d) cultivating crops
preparing fields for planting
After General Gage dissolved the Massachusetts legislature in 1774, its delegates ___. a) declared their loyalty to Britain b) returned to their homes c) fled to Philadelphia d) reformed as the Provincial Congress
reformed as the Provincial Congress
In 1761, Neolin experienced a vision in which God commanded the Indians to ___. a) embrace Christianity b) move west and start their lives over c) reject their dependence on European goods d) learn to read and write
reject their dependence on European goods
Members of the Constitutional union Party rejected the idea of ____. a) compensated emancipation b) any restrictions on slavery c) sectional political parties d) popular sovereignty
sectional political parties
In return for agreeing to a simple majority vote on trade legislation, southern delegates exacted concessions on the issue of ____. a) slavery b) freedom of religion c) the right to bear arms d) income tax
slavery
Which of the following was the the core of the sectional crisis that led to civil war? a) economic divergence b) cultural differences c) slavery d) states' rights
slavery
Eighteenth-century emigrants avoided the Chesapeake Tidewater because ____. a) slavery predominated there b) taxes were high there c) it was illegal for them to settle there d) they were unwelcome there
slavery predominated there
As a result of the Revolution, American women benefited from ____. a) slightly less restrictive divorce laws b) expanded civil rights c) dramatically improved property rights d) the right to vote
slightly less restrictive divorce laws
The most typical settlers on the southern frontier were ___. a) mid-sized planters b) small farmers with five to ten slaves c) large planters d) small independent yeomen farmers
small independent yeomen farmers
The Sugar Act took aim at ____. a) Spanish planters b) consumers c) smugglers d) colonial assemblies
smugglers
The Preemption Act of 1841 protected ___. a) Indians b) squatters c) free blacks d) land speculators
squatters
What did the workingmen's movement of the 1820s push for? a) the legalization of unions b) an eight-hour working day c) the creation of a progressive income tax d) state-sponsored public education
state-sponsored public education
Which of the following provided the first breakthrough in the transportation revolution? a) paved roads b) canals c) steamboats d) railroads
steamboats
Between 1774 and 1805, the total real wealth of private American individuals ___. a) suffered a steady decline b) flucutaed wildly c) rose sharply d) remained stagnant
suffered a steady decline
The Jeffersonians favored ___. a) the gradual abolition of slavery b) an expanded federal government c) protective tariffs d) territorial expansion
territorial expansion
The Monroe Doctrine stated that ____. a) Indian peoples were sovereign in their own lands b) the United States would always be an ally of Great Britain c) the Americas were closed to further colonization by Europe d) the United States would go to war to protect its current borders
the Americas were closed to further colonization by Europe
Which of the following was the worst American defeat of the war? a) The Battle of Saratoga b) The Battle of Kings Mountain c) the Battle of Charleston d) The Battle of Bunker Hill
the Battle of Charleston
Which of the following was the slowest to turn to African slaves to supply colonial labor needs? a) the English b) the Portuguese c) the Dutch d) the Spanish
the English
Edmond Genet was ______. a) a spy in the pay of Britain b) a reckless land speculator c) the French minister of war d) the French ambassador to the United States
the French ambassador to the United States
Which of the following doomed the Dominion of New England? a) Shays's Rebellion b) the CHartist movement c) the Glorious Revolution d) the War of the Spanish Succession
the Glorious Revolution
As a consequence of the Dred Scott decision, _____. a) free blacks won greater security b) the Republican Party gained support in the North c) the Missouri Compromise was reinforced d) thousands of white southerners migrated west
the Republican Party gained support in the North
The Marquis of Rockingham was convinced that ___. a) the colonists should be punished for resisting the Stamp Act b) the colonists were right to resist the Stamp Act c) the Stamp Act was critical to the survival of the empire d) the Stamp Act should be repealed
the Stamp Act should be repealed
Which of the following was not explicitly granted in the Constitution? a) Congress's right to impose taxes b) the president's right to veto congressional legislation c) Congress's right to regulate commerce d) the Supreme Court's right of judicial review
the Supreme Court's right of judicial review
The strongest reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act was in ___. a) the black communities of the urban North b) the towns and cities of the Old Northwest c) the backcountry and the Piedmont d) the planter-dominated Lower South
the black communities of the urban North
Which of the following was an uninteneded consequence of John Cabot's voyages to the New World? a) a fresh round of warfare between France and Spain b) the creation of a large European cod fishing industry c) the discovery of the Mississippi River d) the establishment of a settlement near present-day Toronto
the creation of a large European cod fishing industry
The revivals of the Great Awakening emphasized ___. a) the emotional aspects of Christianity b) the solmenity of proper religious practice c) the rational aspects of Christianity d) the importance of distinctions based on social status
the emotional aspects of Christianity
Which of the following was at the heart of Puritan spiritual life? a) meditation and prayer b) self-denial c) the experience of conversion d) acts of charity
the experience of conversion
Which of the following helps explain the decision of the Spanish to halt their northward expansion in North America in the mid-sixteenth century? a) the failure to find gold and silver b) civil war in Spain c) repeated outbreaks of disease d) the military might of Indian peoples
the failure to find gold and silver
The core institution of slave life was ____. a) the school b) the church c) the family d) the work gang
the family
Dorothea Dix discovered that ___ in her state were dumped into jails and almshouses. a) elderly widows b) unwed mothers c) poor children d) the insane
the insane
Which of the following was most important in facilitating the cotton boom of the early nineteenth century? a) the growing American population b) the development of a railroad network in the South c) the intensification of the Atlantic slave trade d) the invention of the cotton gin
the invention of the cotton gin
The religious revival of 1857-1858 was concentrated in ____. a) the poorer areas of the Upper South b) southern port cities c) the large urban centers of the Northeast d) the small towns of the Old Southwest
the large urban centers of the Northeast
Which of the following Chinese inventions played an important role in the European voyages of discovery? a) the magnetic compass b) the caravel c) the astrolabe d) the clock
the magnetic compass
Which of the following convinced the Mormons they had to leave the East and settle in Utah? a) the Mexican-American War b) the murder of Joseph Smith c) the acquisition of Utah by the United States d) a series of religious visions
the murder of Joseph Smith
Which of the following helps explain why neither France nor Britain was able to dominate North America in the first half of the eighteenth century? a) the cost and distraction of European wars b) a prolonged global depression c) the lack of interest in this goal in London and Paris d) the neutralist policy of the Iroquois
the neutralist policy of the Iroquois
Which of the following contributed the most to the greater efficiency of cotton cultivation on plantations than on small farms? a) the greater investments in machinery on plantations b) the lower transportation costs of plantation owners c) the lower taxes enjoyed by plantation owners d) the opportunity to use the gang system of labor
the opportunity to use the gang system of labor
Which of the following was one of the key motives behind European overseas exploration in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries? a) the possibility of making new Christian converts b) the desire to discover a new continenet c) the need for an outlet for the growing number of unemployed people d) the need to increase Europe's food supply
the possibility of making new Christian converst
Under the terms of the Alien Act, ____. a) the states could set immigration quotas by nationality b) the president could deport foreigners from countries at war with the United States c) the Supreme Court could extend residency requirements for U.S. citizenship d) Congress could block all new immigration
the president could deport foreigners from countries at war with the United States
Which of the following was an important legacy of the General Union for Promoting the Observance of the Chrisitian Sabbath? a) the importance of broad-based national support b) the lessons it taught about the need to employ coercion in the service of reform c) the tensions it created between evangelical churches d) the techniques it developed for turning reform impulses into direct political action
the techniques it developed for turning reform impulses into direct political action
According to Lewis Cass, ____ should decide slavery's fate in each potential state. a) Congress b) the territorial residents c) a national referendum d) the Supreme Court
the territorial residents
The Missouri crisis made white southerners aware that ___. a) civil war between the North and the South was inevitable b) the North would always compromise on the issue of slavery c) the South was the center of political power in the nation d) they were a political minority
they were a political minority
The Democratic-Republican societies attacked the Washington administration for failing _____. a) create a national bank b) to assist France c) to launch a war against western Indians d) purchase Louisiana
to assist France
What did the British hope to achieve in 1777 by sending an army down the Hudson River? a) to create a larger army to conquer the South b) to prevent the French from entering the war c) to cut off American trade with the Spanish d) to isolate New England
to isolate New England
Congress earmarked revenue from the Tariff of 1816 for ___. a) transportation projects b) building projects in Washington D.C. c) new schools d) an expanded military
transportation projects
Between 1800 and 1810, the number of Americans living west of the Appalachian Mountains ____. a) increased ten-fold b) doubled c) tripled d) increased by 50 percent
tripled
British strategy in 1814 called for _____. a) the introduction of over 1 million fresh troops b) a war of attrition c) gradual withdrawal d) two major offensives
two major offensives
According to republican ideology, too much power in the hands of a ruler led to ___. a) tyranny b) anarchy c) fascism d) social upheaval
tyranny
Which of the following was most likely to heed Edmund Ruffin's suggestions for reform? a) factory owners b) the urban middle class c) well-to-do farmers d) poor whites
well-to-do farmers
In 1820, 80 percent of the free labor force in the United States ___. a) worked in agriculture b) was foreign-born c) lived in cities d) lived in New England
worked in agriculture
The War Hawks were generally _____. a) east coast elites b) small farmers from the Mid-Atlantic region c) younger men from the South and West d) older Federalists
younger men from the South and West
