Vascular Review

True

An arteriole is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries A. True B. False

True

Endovascular stent grafts for treatment are a less invasive approach to the repair of an aneurysm A. True B. False

Right sided heart failure

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of: A. Budd-Chiari syndrome B. Marfan syndrome C. Left sided heart failure D. Right sighted heart failure

Right renal vein

From the list below, which vessel would be the shortest in length? A. Right renal vein B. Right renal artery C. Left renal vein D. Left renal artery

True

In a renal artery, it is normal to see spectral broadening when evaluating the Doppler signal A. True B. False

High resistance

In small bowel ischemia, the postprandial SMA will yield what flow pattern? A. High resistance B. Low resistance

At the fissure for the ligamentum teres

Recanalized paraumbilical vein is located A. At the confluence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins B. Along the gallbladder wall C. At the splenic hilum D. At the fissure for the ligamentum teres

Hydronephrosis

Sonographic findings in portal hypertension can include all of the following except A. Increased portal vein diameters B. Hepatofugal flow C. Hydronephrosis D. Ascites

True

TIPS stands for Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt A. True B. False

Left ventricle

The aorta originates at the: A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

Celiac Trunk

The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: A. SMA B. Celiac trunk C. Renal arteries D. Hepatic artery

Low Resistance

The hepatic artery should demonstrate: A. High resistance B. Low resistance

Tunica Intima

The inner wall layer of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the: A. Tunica media B. Tunica intima C. Tunica rugae D. Tunica adventitia

Splenic vein and SMV

The main portal vein is created by the union A. Splenic vein and SMV B. SMV and IMV C. Splenic vein and IMV D. Splenic vein and gastroduodenal vein

Fusiform

The most common shape of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is: A. Saccular B. Bulbous C. True D. Fusiform

Renal cell carcinoma

The most common tumor to fill the IVC is: A. Islet cell carcinoma B. Renal cell carcinoma C. Venous angioma D. Nephroma

Intestinal tract

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver. A. Hepatic artery B. Intestinal tract C. Splenic artery D. Peripheral venous system

Posterior

The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC). A. Anterior B. Posterior C. Lateral D. Medial

SMA

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the: A. SMA B. Celiac trunk C. Renal arteries D. Heaptic artery

True

The three branches of the celiac trunk are the hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries A. True B. False

Hepatic Veins

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the: A. Renal veins B. SMV C. Hepatic veins D. Celiac trunk

Atherosclerosis

What disease begins as fibro-fatty plaque on the intima of large arteries? A. Thromboangiitis B. Arteritis C. Arteriosclerosis D. Atherosclerosis

Thrombus within the aorta

What is a possible explanation for a 63-year-old patient who presents with multiple low-level echoes within the aorta that persist with gain and sensitivity changes? A. Blood flow B. Reverberations C. Tortuous aorta D. Thrombus within the aorta

Thrombus

What is often described has having a homogeneous ultrasound appearance with smooth borders and is found within the sac of an aneurysm? A. Calcification B. Plaque C. Intimal disruption D. Thrombus

Thin linear flap seen pulsating within the aortic lumen with blood flow visible on both sides of the flap

What is the typical sonographic appearance of an aortic dissection? A. A uniform dilation of the wall of the aorta B. A dilation of one side of the aorta, typically the left C. Discontinuity of the wall of the arota with a large hematoma surrounding the vessel D. Thin linear flap seen pulsating within the aortic lumen with blood flow visible on both sides of the flap

Low resistance

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA A. High resistance B. Low resistance

Apply pressure with the ultrasound probe to disperse the gas

What technique can be applied by the sonographer to best help with visualization in the presence of bowel gas? A. Elevate the patients legs B. Apply pressure with the ultrasound probe to disperse the gas C. Have the patient Valsalva D. Switch to fundamental imaging

Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms

Which of the following statements about the abdominal aorta is NOT true? A. Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms B. The abdominal aorta is located just left of the midline C. The most common location of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is infrarenal D. The abdominal aorta is considered to be retroperitoneal in location

Echogenicity increases as the thrombus ages

Which of the following statements about thrombus in the IVC is correct? A. Echogenicity decreases as the thrombus ages B. Echogenicity increases as the thrombus ages C. The thrombus expands slightly as it ages D. Free floating thrombus is associated with chronic disease

Both arteries and veins contain valves to keep blood moving

Which of the following statements regarding arteries and veins is false? A. The walls of the arteries and veins contain the same three layers B. Both arteries and veins contain valves to keep blood moving C. Because the wall of veins contain less muscle, they are more easily compressed D. Arteries have a thicker muscle layer and therefore maintain a constant shape

Hepatic veins

Which of the following would have a pulsatile blood flow pattern? A. Renal veins B. Hepatic veins C. Gonadal veins D. Common iliac veins

Pseudoaneurysm

Which type of aneurysm typically has a neck and demonstrates a swirling pattern on color Doppler? A. Dissection B. Pseudoaneurysm C. Fusiform D. Mycotic

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes: A. Marfan syndrome B. Klinefelter syndrome C. Morrison syndrome D. Budd-Chiari syndrome

SMA

Of the following, which vessel will show a different flow pattern after eating? A. Celiac Trunk B. Splenic artery C. Renal artery D. SMA

False

The most common cause of aneurysms is trauma A. True B. False

Tunica adventitia

The outer wall of a vessel is the: A. Tunica media B. Tunica intima C. Tunica rugae D. Tunica adventitia

Marfan Syndrome

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is: A. Wilm's tumor B. Meckel-Gruber syndrome C. Marfan Syndrome D. Kleinman syndrome

Right gastric artery

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except: A. Right gastric artery B. Hepatic artery C. Splenic artery D. Left gastric artery

3 cm

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds: A. 10mm B. 2.5mm C. 3 cm D. 2mm

Mycotic

An anuerysm associated with infections is termed: A. Recanalized B. Saccular C. Fusiform D. Mycotic

Neck Pain

Clinical findings of an abdominal aortic aneurysm include all of the following except: A. Lower extremity pain B. Back pain C. Abdominal Bruit D. Neck Pain

Thrombosis of the IVC

While scanning a patient that presented to your lab with bilateral lower extremity swelling, you observed the IVC with low level echoes within and you confirm no flow. What is it? A. Thrombosis of the IVC B. Extrinsic compression of the IVC C. Budd-Chiari D. None of the above

Celiac Trunk

You are asked to image the "Seagull" What vessel are you going to image? A. SMA B. IMA C. Celiac Trunk D. None of the above