VTNE review

Sasha, a 11-year-old spayed female domestic short hair cat, was accidentally overhydrated with IV fluids. You would expect her urine specific gravity to be 1.030 1.060 1.002 1.012

1.002

To separate plasma from the cellular components, blood tubes should be counterbalanced and centrifuged for ____minutes at _____rpm. 2; 1000 5; 1000 10; 2000 15; 2000

10; 2000

To avoid serum lipemia, animals should be fasted for: 2 hours 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours

12 hours?

Erythrocyte life spans vary from species to species, but the average is generally considered to be 180 days 60 days 75 days 120 days

120 days

When performing urinalysis testing, the sample should be analyzed within ___ minutes or refrigeration is required 40 10 20 30

30

The total white blood cell count of a healthy adult dog ranges from 4000 to 8000/μL 6000 to 17,000/μL 1000 to 3000/μL 30,000 to 50,000/μL

6,000 to 17,000/ uL

What percentage of the glomeruli in both kidneys must be nonfunctional before serum chemistry changes indicate renal disease? 10% 50% 75% 20%

75%

Blood cells continue to utilize glucose at a rate of _______% to _____% per hour if allowed to remain in contact with the serum. 5; 7 7; 10 10; 12 3; 5

7; 10

Plasma is composed of 90% water and 10% dissolved substances 80% water and 20% dissolved substances 70% water and 30% dissolved substances 60% water and 40% dissolved substances

90% water and 10% dissolved substances

What percentage is the body's calcium is in the bone? 99% 49% 59% 79%

99%

When evaluating the liver of dogs and cats, AST should be evaluated in conjunction with Lipase LDH Glucose ALT

ALT

The humoral immune system involves Erythrocytes Monocytes B cells T cells

B cells

What cells are chiefly concerned with the production and secretion of antibodies? B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Neutrophils Monocytes

B lymphocytes

What laboratory test evaluates kidney function and is a breakdown product of protein? Creatinine Glucose SGTP (ALT) BUN

BUN

What serologic test is used for the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia? Coombs test Coggins test Intradermal testing Latex agglutination test

Coombs test

What does the buccal mucosa bleeding time test assess? Platelet function Prothrombin time (PT) Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) Fibrinogen

Prothrombin time (PT)

ALT is also known as SGPT SGOT GGT AST

SGPT

A test done to help diagnose hyperthyroidism is Cortisol Bile acids T4 LH

T4

A canine RBC is A biconcave disk-shaped cell A concave disk-shaped cell A biconvex disk-shaped cell A convex disk-shaped cell

a biconcave disk-shaped cell

What is fructosamine? Another term for blood glucose A type of insulin A carbohydrate molecule to which glucose binds A protein to which glucose binds

a protein to which glucose binds

RBCs with multiple, irregularly spaced projections are Crenated cells Schistocytes Acanthocytes Anisocytes

acanthocytes

The extent to which measurements agree with the true value of the quantity measured is Reliability Quality control Precision Accuracy

accuracy

A false positive urine glucose reading may result from administration of NaOH Acetaminophen Morphine NaCl

acetaminophen

Serology is the branch of science involved with detection of: Bacteria or fungi Viruses or prions Antibodies or antigens Endoparasites and ectoparasites

antibodies or antigens

Calcium oxalate crystals Are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity Have three to six sides Have a characteristic coffin-lid appearance Are seen with hepatic disease

are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity

Under the microscope you observe leukocytes that you identify as an eosinophil. The eosinophil cytoplasm contains numerous rod-shaped granules. This blood sample is most likely from a healthy adult Cow Dog Cat Horse

cat

Decrease in albumin may occur in Chronic liver disease A vegetarian diet A carnivorous diet Gastroenteritis

chronic liver disease

Hemagglutination is: Clumping of erythrocytes Lysing of erythrocytes Crenation of erythrocytes Swelling of erythrocytes

clumping of erythrocytes

Anuria is: Decreased urine output Decreased drinking Complete lack of urine production Excessive drinking

complete lack of urine production?

What test is routinely used to diagnose equine infectious anemia? Indirect fluorescent antibody test Coggins test Coombs test Hemoglobin electrophoresis

coombs test

Which of the following substances is a by-product of muscle metabolism, produce at a constant rate, and filtered out by the renal glomeruli? Sodium Urea Creatinine Glucose

creatinine

Acanthocytes are Spherocytes Poikilocytes Schistocytes Crenated cells

crenated cells?

What urinary stone is most associated with a urinary tract infection? Calcium oxalate crystal Struvite crystal Calcium carbonite crystal Cystine crystal

cystine crystal

What are the two preferred methods of collecting a urine sample for culture? Catheterization and voiding Expressing the bladder and cystocentesis Cystocentesis and catheterization Cystocentesis and voiding

cystocentesis and catheterization

Pancytopenia is characterized by: Decreased numbers of white blood cells Decreased numbers of all blood cells Decreased numbers of red blood cells Decreased numbers of granulocytes and monocytes

decreased number of all blood cells

Oliguria is: Excessive eating Green urine Excessive bilirubin in the urine Decreased urine output

decreased urine output

Urine specific gravity readings indicate Dissolved minerals Dissolved solids Amount of bacteria Number of cells in the urine

dissolved solids

Painful urination is recorded as: Dysuria Hematuria Pyuria Proteinuria

dysuria

An increase in unconjugated bilirubin may be the result of Either pre-hepatic or post-hepatic failure Either hepatic or pre-hepatic failure Either hepatic or post-hepatic failure Either hepatic or biliary failure

either hepatic or pre-hepatic failure

Which of the following is not an electrolyte? Calcium Glucose Phosphorous Potassium

glucose

What type of cast is the most common one found in urine? Granular Erythrocyte Leukocyte Waxy

granular

What color blood collection tube top indicates that heparin is the anticoagulant? Blue Gray Purple Green

green

Types of effector T cell include Erythrocytes B cells Helper T cells Monocytes

helper T cells

Blood in the urine is reported as: Dysuria Hematuria Pyuria Proteinuria

hematuria

Epithelial cells in urine are estimated as the average number per Low-power field High-power field Medium-power field Oil-immersion field

high-power field

Calcium carbonate crystals are often seen in ___ urine. Dog Horse Cat Cattle

horse

Normal voided urine is clear, except in which of the following species? Dogs Horses Cows Cats

horses

Creatinine concentrations in serum are influenced by Amylase concentration Liver disease Hydration level Insulin production

hydration level

When reviewing a blood smear, you come across an erythrocyte that does not contain its full amount of hemoglobin. What is this known as? Polychromasia Hypochromasia Basophilia Hyperchromasia

hypochromasia

Which of the following is not a malfunction of the immune system? Allergy Immunodeficiency Autoimmune disease Immunity by vaccination

immunity by vaccination?

With significant dehydration in an otherwise healthy patient which of the following would likely be seen on a urinalysis and CBC? Increase urine SG and increased PCV Increased urine SG and decreased PCV Decreased urine SG and decreased PCV Decreased urine SG and increased PCV

increase urine SG and increased PCV

A urine specimen collected by free catch at 8 AM and left at room temperature until the afternoon could be expected to have: Decreased numbers of bacteria Increased numbers of bacteria Decreased numbers of epithelial cells Increased numbers of epithelial cells

increased numbers of bacteria

Urine often has a sweet odor is which of the following is present? Bacteria Bilirubin Ketones Protein

ketones

Erythropoietin is produced in the: Bone marrow Kidney Liver Pituitary gland

kidney

What blood chemistry test is not a test for liver damage? Lipase Bile acids ALT GGT

lipase

Which pair is up of cells that are both agranulocytes? Lymphocytes and eosinophils Monocytes and neutrophils Lymphocytes and monocytes Eosinophils and basophils

lymphocytes and monocytes

When performing a CBC, a stained blood film will not allow you to evaluation the morphology of Small lymphocytes Large lymphocytes Platelets Macrophages

macrophages

What cells respond more quickly to a second antigen exposure than to the initial exposure? Thymocytes Monocytes Memory B cells Neutrophils

memory B cells

A canine patient experiencing high triglycerides may have serum that is colored: Milky Yellow Red Clear

milky?

Brown urine most likely contains Myoglobin Hemoglobin Bilirubin Bile pigments

myoglobin

A neutrophil with a four-segmented nucleus would be classified as a: Hypersegmented neutrophil Immature neutrophil Normal neutrophil Aged neutrophil

normal neutrophil

Nucleated erythrocytes are normally not found in which species? Avian Reptilian Ovine Amphibian

ovine

Which of the following ions is a cation? Chloride Potassium Bicarbonate Hydroxide

potassium

The ability to obtain the same results time after time on the same sample is Accuracy Reliability Quality control Precision

precision

Polyuria is: Lack of urine production Production of excessive amounts of urine Lack of water intake Excessive protein in the urine

production of excessive amounts of urine

An excessive number of WBCs in the urine is reported as: Dysuria Hematuria Pyuria Proteinuria

pyuria

The ability of a method to be both accurate and precise is Accuracy Quality control Precision Reliability

reliability

Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC? Total protein Reticulocyte count Total WBC count Differential WBC count

reticulocyte count

Hypoglycemia may result from Insufficient insulin Serum remaining on the RBCs too long Cushing disease Heavy lactation after giving birth

serum remaining on the RBCs too long

Amylase acts to break down Starches and glycogen Fats and starches Protein and amino acids Fats and carbohydrates

starches and glycogen

Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include The amount of carbohydrate ingested Insufficient ADH The amount of protein ingested Insufficient insulin

the amount of protein ingested

Urine samples collected in the morning from housebroken dogs tend to be: Unacceptable for sediment analysis The most concentrated samples Bright orange The least concentrated samples

the mot concentrated samples

What is the definition of hematopoiesis? The destruction of platelets The production of blood cells and platelets The creation of fibrinogen The decrease of red blood cells

the production of blood cells and platelets

When referring to the alteration of bilirubin in the liver, the verb conjugation means To become pigmented To break apart, in equal parts To precipitate To join together

to join together

Fibrinogen is considered a part of Total plasma protein Total serum protein Total serum globulin Total plasma albumin

total plasma protein

What crystal is commonly described as having a coffin-lid appearance? Bilirubin crystal Calcium oxalate crystal Cystine crystal Triple phosphate crystal (Struvite)

triple phosphate crystal (Struvite)

An alkaline urine pH can be the result of: Urinary tract obstruction Uncontrolled diabetes Prolonged diarrhea Starvation

uncontrolled diabetes?

Which of the following substances used to evaluate kidney filtration and function is excreted by the kidneys and up to 40% reabsorbed by the tubules? Glucose Sodium Urea Creatinine

urea

Glycosuria exists When blood glucose levels are lower than the renal threshold for absorption of glucose When urine glucose levels are lower than the renal threshold for absorption of glucose When blood glucose level exceed the renal threshold for absorption of glucose When urine glucose levels are higher than the serum threshold for absorption of glucose.

when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for absorption of glucose