War of 1812 Test

"What three main foreign policy difficulties did the early republic face?

"Foreign Policy: General objectives that guide the activities and relationships of one or more sovereign nations. Neutral Trade: Trade that doesn't favor one nation or cause. Expansion: Expanding west and into Canada.

"Jefferson Administration (1801 - 1809)

"Jefferson: Democratic-Republican; nation of small farmers, laws made by state legislatures, commerce is better than war, dismantled Federalists programs started by the Washington Administration (abolished tax on whiskey, reducing army and navy, believed strict interpretation of the Constitution).

"How successful was the U.S. military effort against Great Britain?

"June of 1812: Congress votes for total war with GB (House 79-49 and Senate 19-13). U.S. military was often under-equipped, inexperienced, and incompetent. The war lasted for over two years, and the military suffered from several military mistakes and disasters. U.S. trade suffered: British navy created a blockade along the coast, which halted trading routes to other nations. (Andrew Stonewall Jackson - New Orleans)

What was "peaceable coercion" and why did it fail?

"Peaceable coercion" is a foreign policy tactic believed by Jefferson that commerce is better than war. Embargo Act of 1807: Confined all U.S. ships to harbor in an effort to deny France and Great Britain of goods.

Why did Henry Clay steer the United States towards war with Great Britain?"

"War hawks" - Henry Clay wanted to go to war with Great Britain and continue to expand west. He also believed the British were supplying weapons to Native Americans."

The Washington Administration

Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of Treasury): Manufacturing, tax on whiskey, trad with other nations, land and national banks, assuming national debt. Thomas Jefferson: Agriculture, especially supplying France with crops.

What are the major foreign policy achievements of Jefferson's administration?

Commerce: Activities that relate to the buying and selling of goods and services. Louisiana Purchase: Bought it from Napoleon because he believed the "cost was not worth the gain." Toussaint L'Ouverture.

How did the people in the United States react to the news about the French Revolution?

Constitutional Republic: A state where the officials are elected as representatives of thee people, and must govern according to the existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens. Treaty: An official agreement between two or more nations.

Madison's First Administration (1809 - 1813).

Erskine Agreement (1809): Stated that Britain would drop its requirements for U.S. ships to stop to be searched for war materials, as long as the U.S. ceased trade with France.

What were the consequences of the war for the United States?

Even with the failures at war, the country as supportive of the country and prideful for defending against tyranny and the success of Louisiana Purchase. "Era of Good Feeling"

Why did thee arrival of the new French minister Edward Genet to the United States pose a dilemma for the new Washington administration?

French Minister leave France for South Carolina to create stronger business alliance with Southern agriculture economy (Jefferson).

What kind of relationship developed between Great Britain and France?

GB and U.S. found some compromises in supporting the Monroe Doctrine because it ensure Spanish influence in the western hemisphere would be curbed. GB respected cooperated with the U.S. and the Monroe Doctrine, and the British navy helped to enforce the doctrine. Treaty of Ghent end the War of 1812 (New Orleans).

How did deteriorating relations between Great Britain and France affect the United States?

Great Britain's naval power threatened and scared France. Berlin Decree (1806): ordered nations of Europe to stop buying british goods. Order of Council: Required ships to stop in Great Britain before they made their main voyage to France and other European nations.

How did regional difference foreshadow secession?

Hartford Convention (page 39)--reduced South's voting power. Southern states resented high tariffs on cheaper British manufactured goods. Tariffs forced Southerners to buy expensive goods from the North.

How did Hamilton and Jefferson respond to the President's questions?

Jefferson: Accept French minister and create alliance with France. Hamilton: Do not accept French minister, unstable government, Treaty of Paris is nullified, threat of angering Great Britain.

What was the purpose of Macon's Bill #2?

Macon's Bill #2: Stop BG and France from seizing American ships and continued to use commerce rather than going to war.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Monroe Doctrine (1823): foreign policy that demanded that European nations would not interfere in the Western Hemisphere as a defense to U.S. security, values, interests. It also validated and justified U.S. expansion west.

Why did Jefferson refuse to submit the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty to Senate for ratification.

Monroe-Pinkney Treaty: Did not address impressment. Jefferson did not want to send the treaty for ratification unless impressment was addressed.

Whose position did Washington accept?

Neutrality Proclamation (1793): Washington declared that the US would pursue relations that were both friendly and impartial with the warring nations of Europe; avoided using words nullify, void, and neutrality.

How did westward expansion affect the Native Americans?

New Englanders: war affected trade because coastal cities were dependent on maritime trade. As states were added to the union, New England states felt its representation dwindling. Missouri Compromise: maintained the ratio of representatives from free and slave states in the Senate. Missouri - part of the Louisiana Purchase- became a slave state and Maine a free state. The remainder of the state was split into two.

How did the NonintercourseAct affect trade?

Nonintercourse Act: Forbade all trade with GB and France, but allowed the president to reopen trade with whatever nation lifted trade restrictions first.

What constitutional question did Washington's Neutrality Proclamation provide?

Precedent: Something done or said that can be used as an example or rule to be followed in the future. Congress argued that Washington overstepped his executive power by not allowing the legislative branch to make a decision on foreign affairs.

What precedent did the Neutrality Proclamation set?

Presidential assertions of foreign policy with regard to war were only assertions, unless supported by legislation from the legislative branch.

How did the War of 1812 affect concerns about national security?"

Trail of Tears: Jackson deported Cherokee tribes out of Georgia. Native Americans were punished for their involvement in War of 1812, and by the 1820s these tribes were moved to the lands west of the Mississippi."

What two foreign policy precedents did receiving Minister Genet establish?"

Two precedents: U.S. would accept representatives for other foreign nations. Thee executive branch would be in charge of establishing relationships with foreign nations."

How did the continuing impressment of sailors affect relations with Great Britain?

USS Chesapeake was attacked. As a result, James Monroe was sent to GB to ask for an apology and address impressment.