we acing psych

Samuel became ill after eating pepperoni pizza and refuses to eat it now however he still enjoys playing pizza Samuels eating behavior illustrates

Discrimination

Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease include administering a chemical that will lead to increases in the patient's

Dopamine

a double blind control is essential for which of the following

assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

what name corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photo receptors

Fovea

Perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its

Frequency

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound

The sound has a high amplitude sound wave

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that the specific tone is sounded there's evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when

The tone is only presented

drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensure that

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

Which of the following system produces circulates and regulates levels of hormones in the body

endocrine system

which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect

it can be brought about by the individual's expectations

a disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that

participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out

The occipital lobes contain

The primary visual cortex

Of the following which is essential for operant conditioning to occur

A behavioral consequence

A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments after a few treatments the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room the treatment room has become

A conditioned stimulus

Person eat a hamburger at a restaurant and developed a very bad stomachache after finishing eating as a result of the sudden illness the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore just thinking about them makes a person feel sick to the stomach in this scenario the thought of the hamburger is

A conditioned stimulus

Which of the following is an example of discrimination learning

A dog train to salivate to a particular town does not salivate to any other tone

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems

A loss of motor coordination

The idea that the explanation for prejudice lies in the children's modeling of their parents prejudicial beliefs emotions and behavior that is most closely aligned with the theories of which of the following

Albert Bandura

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in

An increase in respiratory rate

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons

And all or none response

Ethical principles developed by the American psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research

Are protected from physical and psychological harm

Although people can acquire phobias to almost any object or situation certain phobias are much more common than others this finding can best be explained by which of the following concepts

Biological preparedness

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called

Blind spot

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following

Brocas area

Mary I was never afraid of spiders until spider bit her when she was eight today even the site of a plastic spider upsets her which of the following learning processes best explains Maria's fear of spiders

Classical conditioning

The tendency of most people to identify a three sided figure as a triangle even when one of its size does incomplete as a result of perceptual process known as

Closure

The coiled the tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the

Cochlea

Even though it was nearly dark outside Casey could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange which of the following concepts is best illustrated by this example

Color constancy

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery

Computerized axial tomography

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose

Computerized tomography (CT)

Robert Rescorla's contingency model of classical conditioning states that

Conditioning occurs only one one event reliably predicts another

Which of the following refers to the photo receptors responsible for color vision

Cones

When Rocco views the image below he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as B when it is part of the word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concepts

Context effects

Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of reinforcement schedule

Continuous

Domingo has hit play to begin listening to a new song he bought based on the structure of the year what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal

Eardrum

The theorist who conducted pioneering research on latent learning and cognitive maps was

Edward Tolman

Pain killing substances produced by the brain are known as

Endorphins

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy

Even though the angle from what she viewed the table she had changed Elise still perceive the table as rectangular

Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of the sensory cortex devoted to it

Face

BF Skinner claims that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for

Failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior

In order to get more audience participation a radio show offers a price to the first person to call the show at the beginning of every hour of the show is using which of the following schedules of reinforcement

Fixed interval

A rat always completes a maze successfully bur is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules

Fixed ratio

For every 20 cell phones that Tom says he will get a $50 bonus. the bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedule

Fixed ratio

Four year old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmothers house although he was not badly hurt he was very frightened now whenever his parents mentioned visiting his grandmothers house he feels anxious and fearful in classical conditioning terms what are the condition stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in this scenario respectively

Grandmothers house; falling

If Carmelitas stares at a red spot for one minute and then ships her gaze to a white piece of paper she is likely to experience an after image that is

Green

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

Hear sounds

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

Hippocampus

Which of the following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system

Hypothalamus

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the

Inner ear

Which of the following is true for the reticular activating system

It regulates levels of arousal

Any classic study a group of flats right learn to run through a maze to obtain food in another group of rats explored the maze without receiving food sometime later the researcher compare the two group of rats to determine if both groups will find the food at the end of the maze according to the researcher the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trade routes as a result of

Latent learning

The network of structures involved in emotion motivation and memory is there

Limbic system

Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons

Lips

To study the effects of smoking on sense of smell a researcher would most likely conduct a

Longitudinal study on 100 smokers and a match sample of 100 non-smokers to determine whether the smoker sense of smell declined more overtime than the non-smokers did

People who have experienced severe damage to the front lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

Make and carry out plans

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

Medulla

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the nervous system

Multiple sclerosis

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves treat and enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

Natural selection

The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is

Near the center of the visual field

Four-year-old child frequently polls on the dogs tail to gain attention to reduce is undesirable behavior at the parent took away one hour of television viewing every time the child pulled on the dogs to within one week the undesirable behavior was significantly reduce the above scenario illustrates

Negative punishment

Because he is afraid of public speaking Scott withdraws from a class that requires an oral presentation and enrolled in another class without presentation requirement. he continues the pattern switching classes each semester to avoid giving presentations. Scott's behavior has been

Negatively reinforced

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neutral signal across the synapse

Susie screamed at her little brother and her mother yelled "we do not yell in this house" Susie continues to yell at her brother despite her mother reprimanding her Susie's behavior is best explained by

Observational learning

Which of the following brain regions is part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for processing of visual stimuli

Occipital lobe

After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color this perceptual phenomenon is best explained by

Opponent process theory

What name corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Optic nerve

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

When his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had ever seen Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing even though the movie was not very funny. what concept is Willard demonstrating

Perceptual set

The brains ability to adapt after it is damage is known as

Plasticity

Barney is a somewhat distractible second grade student who is finds school work a bit boring.. after a couple of minutes of working silently Barney often starts miss behave until his teacher Miss Skinner call his name to scold him. however he enjoys his attention from her and continues to miss behave. with respect to Barney's misbehavior miss Skinners attention serves as

Positive reinforcement

Management is most effective in illuminating and desired behavior when the

Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior

The most common form of color blindness is related to the deficiencies in the

Red green system

all of the following are American psychological Association ethical guidelines for research EXCEPT:

Research may not involve deception

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing depth

Retinal disparity

In phase One of a study a researcher classically conditioned a dog to salivate to the ringing of the bell and the second phase the researcher pairs of flashing light with the ringing of the bell after several pairings of the light and the bell the dog will

Salivate when the light is flashed

Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful

Secondary reinforcer

When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place the effect is referred to as

The phi phenomenon

Raul wants to teach his daughter, Sonia to tie her shoes first two praises her when she manipulates her shoelaces in anyway then she praises her when she makes a simple that when she does that consistently he praises her only when she makes the knot and a loop continues the pattern until she can do all the steps required to take her shoes Raul's actions are an example of which of the following techniques

Shaping

For most people which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain

Simple spatial reasoning

As you watch your friend walk away from you your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. despite that she did not perceive him to be shrinking. this is an example of

Size constancy

Which part of the brain represented is indicated in blue

Somatosensory cortex

Climbing an it regular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears an eyepatch over when eye primarily because

Some depth perception is lost

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

Spicy

Dylan has difficulty solving a physics problem in class the next day he said only thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching your friends play the guitar the thought process that Dylan experienced is an example of

Spontaneous recovery

Do the following is NOT a product of learning

Squinting at a bright light

A monkey's choosing a circle from an array of geometric shapes in order to be rewarded with a banana is an example of

Stimulus discrimination

A child who learns that spoons or tableware and then correctly calls forks and Knives tableware is demonstrating

Stimulus generalization

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear

Sympathetic

Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. this is due to the activation of that

Sympathetic nervous system

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron

Terminal buttons

For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the condition stimulus (CS), and unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

The CS is repeated Lee presented in the absence of the UCS and the CR loses strength

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called

The action potential

Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American psychological Association to ethical issues in research

They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants in animal subjects

Which of the following best reflects contemporary interpretations of classical conditioning

They take into account cognitive processes like expectancy

People listening to rock music played backwards often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for .that phenomenon best illustrates

Top down processing

Damage to the Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

Understanding language

When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a clients to score with another person

When the client provides written permission to share results

In High school, it did not seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always learned poor grades. now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. according to the concept of learned helplessness which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class

Why study there is an anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills

a research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants. one group receives a one time treatment, and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatments had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research

an experiment

which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior

behaviorist

which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information

cognitive

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

cognitive map

in an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter

dependent

in experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a

difference not likely due to chance

Visual acuity is best in the

fovea

which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized

humanistic

in the 1800s, the activist Dorothea Dix led a movement in support of

improving the treatment of patients with mental disorders who were housed in asylums

in a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean

it contains the middle 68% of the distribution

which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variable in experiements

meta analysis

which of the following measures can be percisely located on a graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations

mode

A dog retrieves the newspaper every day because in the past it received a food reward for this behavior the dogs behavior is an example of which of the following

operant response

the belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives

psychoanalytic

a researcher surveyed social adjustment in the same group of 20 people from early childhood throughout adulthood. In this example, the group of 20 people surveyed was the study's

sample

the correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a

scatterplot

standard deviation is a measure of how much

scores in a group differ from the mean of that group

the most distinctive characteristics of the experimental method is that it

seeks to establish cause effect relationships

introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of

sigmund freud

in their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?

socialization

which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable

some aspect of a participants response that is measured in an experiments

a research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of

statistical inference

cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

a teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that

the exam was too difficult