we acing psych
Samuel became ill after eating pepperoni pizza and refuses to eat it now however he still enjoys playing pizza Samuels eating behavior illustrates
Discrimination
Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease include administering a chemical that will lead to increases in the patient's
Dopamine
a double blind control is essential for which of the following
assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms
what name corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photo receptors
Fovea
Perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its
Frequency
Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound
The sound has a high amplitude sound wave
After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that the specific tone is sounded there's evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when
The tone is only presented
drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensure that
each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
Which of the following system produces circulates and regulates levels of hormones in the body
endocrine system
which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect
it can be brought about by the individual's expectations
a disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that
participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out
The occipital lobes contain
The primary visual cortex
Of the following which is essential for operant conditioning to occur
A behavioral consequence
A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments after a few treatments the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room the treatment room has become
A conditioned stimulus
Person eat a hamburger at a restaurant and developed a very bad stomachache after finishing eating as a result of the sudden illness the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore just thinking about them makes a person feel sick to the stomach in this scenario the thought of the hamburger is
A conditioned stimulus
Which of the following is an example of discrimination learning
A dog train to salivate to a particular town does not salivate to any other tone
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems
A loss of motor coordination
The idea that the explanation for prejudice lies in the children's modeling of their parents prejudicial beliefs emotions and behavior that is most closely aligned with the theories of which of the following
Albert Bandura
Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in
An increase in respiratory rate
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons
And all or none response
Ethical principles developed by the American psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research
Are protected from physical and psychological harm
Although people can acquire phobias to almost any object or situation certain phobias are much more common than others this finding can best be explained by which of the following concepts
Biological preparedness
The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called
Blind spot
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following
Brocas area
Mary I was never afraid of spiders until spider bit her when she was eight today even the site of a plastic spider upsets her which of the following learning processes best explains Maria's fear of spiders
Classical conditioning
The tendency of most people to identify a three sided figure as a triangle even when one of its size does incomplete as a result of perceptual process known as
Closure
The coiled the tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
Cochlea
Even though it was nearly dark outside Casey could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange which of the following concepts is best illustrated by this example
Color constancy
Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery
Computerized axial tomography
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose
Computerized tomography (CT)
Robert Rescorla's contingency model of classical conditioning states that
Conditioning occurs only one one event reliably predicts another
Which of the following refers to the photo receptors responsible for color vision
Cones
When Rocco views the image below he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as B when it is part of the word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concepts
Context effects
Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of reinforcement schedule
Continuous
Domingo has hit play to begin listening to a new song he bought based on the structure of the year what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal
Eardrum
The theorist who conducted pioneering research on latent learning and cognitive maps was
Edward Tolman
Pain killing substances produced by the brain are known as
Endorphins
Which of the following is an example of shape constancy
Even though the angle from what she viewed the table she had changed Elise still perceive the table as rectangular
Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of the sensory cortex devoted to it
Face
BF Skinner claims that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for
Failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior
In order to get more audience participation a radio show offers a price to the first person to call the show at the beginning of every hour of the show is using which of the following schedules of reinforcement
Fixed interval
A rat always completes a maze successfully bur is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules
Fixed ratio
For every 20 cell phones that Tom says he will get a $50 bonus. the bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedule
Fixed ratio
Four year old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmothers house although he was not badly hurt he was very frightened now whenever his parents mentioned visiting his grandmothers house he feels anxious and fearful in classical conditioning terms what are the condition stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in this scenario respectively
Grandmothers house; falling
If Carmelitas stares at a red spot for one minute and then ships her gaze to a white piece of paper she is likely to experience an after image that is
Green
Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to
Hear sounds
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
Hippocampus
Which of the following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon
Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the
Inner ear
Which of the following is true for the reticular activating system
It regulates levels of arousal
Any classic study a group of flats right learn to run through a maze to obtain food in another group of rats explored the maze without receiving food sometime later the researcher compare the two group of rats to determine if both groups will find the food at the end of the maze according to the researcher the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trade routes as a result of
Latent learning
The network of structures involved in emotion motivation and memory is there
Limbic system
Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons
Lips
To study the effects of smoking on sense of smell a researcher would most likely conduct a
Longitudinal study on 100 smokers and a match sample of 100 non-smokers to determine whether the smoker sense of smell declined more overtime than the non-smokers did
People who have experienced severe damage to the front lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to
Make and carry out plans
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
Medulla
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the nervous system
Multiple sclerosis
The result of the evolutionary process that preserves treat and enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called
Natural selection
The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is
Near the center of the visual field
Four-year-old child frequently polls on the dogs tail to gain attention to reduce is undesirable behavior at the parent took away one hour of television viewing every time the child pulled on the dogs to within one week the undesirable behavior was significantly reduce the above scenario illustrates
Negative punishment
Because he is afraid of public speaking Scott withdraws from a class that requires an oral presentation and enrolled in another class without presentation requirement. he continues the pattern switching classes each semester to avoid giving presentations. Scott's behavior has been
Negatively reinforced
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
Neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neutral signal across the synapse
Susie screamed at her little brother and her mother yelled "we do not yell in this house" Susie continues to yell at her brother despite her mother reprimanding her Susie's behavior is best explained by
Observational learning
Which of the following brain regions is part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for processing of visual stimuli
Occipital lobe
After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color this perceptual phenomenon is best explained by
Opponent process theory
What name corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
Optic nerve
The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for
Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
When his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had ever seen Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing even though the movie was not very funny. what concept is Willard demonstrating
Perceptual set
The brains ability to adapt after it is damage is known as
Plasticity
Barney is a somewhat distractible second grade student who is finds school work a bit boring.. after a couple of minutes of working silently Barney often starts miss behave until his teacher Miss Skinner call his name to scold him. however he enjoys his attention from her and continues to miss behave. with respect to Barney's misbehavior miss Skinners attention serves as
Positive reinforcement
Management is most effective in illuminating and desired behavior when the
Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior
The most common form of color blindness is related to the deficiencies in the
Red green system
all of the following are American psychological Association ethical guidelines for research EXCEPT:
Research may not involve deception
A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing depth
Retinal disparity
In phase One of a study a researcher classically conditioned a dog to salivate to the ringing of the bell and the second phase the researcher pairs of flashing light with the ringing of the bell after several pairings of the light and the bell the dog will
Salivate when the light is flashed
Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful
Secondary reinforcer
When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place the effect is referred to as
The phi phenomenon
Raul wants to teach his daughter, Sonia to tie her shoes first two praises her when she manipulates her shoelaces in anyway then she praises her when she makes a simple that when she does that consistently he praises her only when she makes the knot and a loop continues the pattern until she can do all the steps required to take her shoes Raul's actions are an example of which of the following techniques
Shaping
For most people which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain
Simple spatial reasoning
As you watch your friend walk away from you your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. despite that she did not perceive him to be shrinking. this is an example of
Size constancy
Which part of the brain represented is indicated in blue
Somatosensory cortex
Climbing an it regular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears an eyepatch over when eye primarily because
Some depth perception is lost
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
Spicy
Dylan has difficulty solving a physics problem in class the next day he said only thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching your friends play the guitar the thought process that Dylan experienced is an example of
Spontaneous recovery
Do the following is NOT a product of learning
Squinting at a bright light
A monkey's choosing a circle from an array of geometric shapes in order to be rewarded with a banana is an example of
Stimulus discrimination
A child who learns that spoons or tableware and then correctly calls forks and Knives tableware is demonstrating
Stimulus generalization
Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear
Sympathetic
Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. this is due to the activation of that
Sympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron
Terminal buttons
For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the condition stimulus (CS), and unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
The CS is repeated Lee presented in the absence of the UCS and the CR loses strength
The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called
The action potential
Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American psychological Association to ethical issues in research
They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants in animal subjects
Which of the following best reflects contemporary interpretations of classical conditioning
They take into account cognitive processes like expectancy
People listening to rock music played backwards often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for .that phenomenon best illustrates
Top down processing
Damage to the Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in
Understanding language
When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a clients to score with another person
When the client provides written permission to share results
In High school, it did not seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always learned poor grades. now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. according to the concept of learned helplessness which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class
Why study there is an anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills
a research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants. one group receives a one time treatment, and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatments had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research
an experiment
which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior
behaviorist
which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information
cognitive
A mental image of a spatial layout is called
cognitive map
in an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter
dependent
in experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a
difference not likely due to chance
Visual acuity is best in the
fovea
which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized
humanistic
in the 1800s, the activist Dorothea Dix led a movement in support of
improving the treatment of patients with mental disorders who were housed in asylums
in a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean
it contains the middle 68% of the distribution
which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variable in experiements
meta analysis
which of the following measures can be percisely located on a graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations
mode
A dog retrieves the newspaper every day because in the past it received a food reward for this behavior the dogs behavior is an example of which of the following
operant response
the belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives
psychoanalytic
a researcher surveyed social adjustment in the same group of 20 people from early childhood throughout adulthood. In this example, the group of 20 people surveyed was the study's
sample
the correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a
scatterplot
standard deviation is a measure of how much
scores in a group differ from the mean of that group
the most distinctive characteristics of the experimental method is that it
seeks to establish cause effect relationships
introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
self-examination of mental processes
psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of
sigmund freud
in their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?
socialization
which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable
some aspect of a participants response that is measured in an experiments
a research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of
statistical inference
cognitive psychologists are most likely to study
the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving
a teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that
the exam was too difficult
