Week 3: Autonomic Nervous System
What is the sympathetic effect on heart rate?
: increase
Which of the following signs occurs in Horner's syndrome?
A, B, and C
Areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that modulate autonomic control include which of the following?
A, B, and C (Thalamus, hypothalamus, emotion/motivation system)
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of the autonomic efferent system?
Activation of effectors is usually voluntary.
Autonomic regulation of the heart is dependent on which one of the following?
Both A and B
Which statement is true regarding afferent autonomic pathway(s)?
Cranial nerves conveying autonomic afferent information include CN7, CN9, and CN10
Sympathetic activation does NOT produce which of the following?
Increased digestive activity
Through Afferent Pathways, information from visceral receptors enters the central nervous system by two routes. What are the two routes?
Into the brainstem and spinal cord
Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
Lateral horn of spinal cord T1-L2 levels
Which type of syncope is commonly triggered by emotional distress?
Neurocardiogenic
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter extending from ______.
S2-S4 and brainstem
During acute appendicitis, the contribution of the somatosensory nociceptive afferents is which of the following?
Signaling conscious awareness of pain in the umbilical region
Capacitance vessels include which of the following?
Skeletal muscle veins and venules
Drugs that block beta-1 (β1) receptors are used to treat which one of the following?
Tachycardia
Which is true regarding the role of the adrenal gland in the autonomic nervous system?
The adrenal medulla releases both epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. These bind to adrenergic receptors on their target organs.
True or False. Neglect is more severe and more persistent following right hemisphere damage.
True
Neurons that secrete epinephrine or norepinephrine are called ____.
adrenergic
Receptors on the effector organ that bind epinephrine or norepinephrine are called ____.
adrenergic
Information from visceral receptors entering the central nervous system are carried by which pathways?
afferent pathways
Which is true regarding the autonomic system?
all of these choices
Which autonomic neurons secrete acetylcholine?
all preganglionic neurons in the ANS
Norepinephrine can bind to which receptors?
alpha and beta adrenergic
Adrenergic receptors are grouped into two groups, ____ and ______.
alpha; beta
Which system maintains homeostasis by regulating the activity of internal organs and vasculature?
autonomic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic effect on heart rate?
decrease
What is the parasympathetic effect on pupil diameter?
decrease
What is the sympathetic effect on bowel and bladder emptying?
decrease
What is the sympathetic effect on pancreatic secretions?
decrease
Which cranial nerves convey autonomic afferent information?
facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
The maintenance of an optimal, balanced internal environment , including body temperature and chemical composition of tissues, is called
homeostasis
What is the parasympathetic effect on GI tract peristalsis?
increase
What is the parasympathetic effect on bowel and bladder emptying?
increase
What is the parasympathetic effect on liver glycogen synthesis?
increase
What is the parasympathetic effect on pancreatic secretions?
increase
What is the parasympathetic effect on production of tears?
increase
What is the sympathetic effect on bronchi diameter?
increase
What is the sympathetic effect on force of heart contraction?
increase
What is the sympathetic effect on lung blood vessel diameter?
increase
What is the sympathetic effect on sweat production?
increase
What is the sympathetic effect on thick salivary secretion?
increase
Sympathetic efferent neurons innervate all of the following except:
kidney
Receptors on the effector organ that bind acetylcholine are called ____.
muscarinic
Which constituent of tobacco can activate receptors on the postsynaptic autonomic neurons and on the medulla?
nicotine
Receptors on the postganglionic neuron that bind acetylcholine are called
nicotinic
Acetylcholine can bind to which receptors?
nicotinic and muscarinic
Which receptors respond to stimuli that threaten or damage tissue?
nociceptors
Craniosacral outflow refers to the _____.
parasympathetic nervous system
In regards to efferent pathways of the ANS, the neuron extending from the ganglion to the effector organ is called______.
postganglionic
In regards to efferent pathways of the ANS, the neuron extending from the central nervous system to the ganglion is called______.
preganglionic
In regards to central nervous system output, autonomic efferents innervate all of the following except_______.
skeletal muscle
In regards to central nervous system output, somatic efferents innervate _______.
skeletal muscle
Which is the main visceral sensory nucleus where most visceral information entering the brainstem via cranial nerves will converge?
solitary nucleus
Thoracolumbar outflow refers to the _____.
sympathetic nervous system
Efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system are divided into _______and ________.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
What information is transmitted by the cranial nerves conveying autonomic afferents?
taste and information from the viscera
Connections from the central nervous system to autonomic effectors us a _____-neuron pathway.
two
