Week 6: Chpt 36, 37, 38, 40, 41

Most gallstones are composed of

cholesterol

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

Elevated ferritin

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of

Graves disease

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

More prone to hypotension

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?

Blood and mucus in the stool

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

blocked cortisol production

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?

Alkaline phosphatase

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

regular

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?

Bloody stools

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?

Chest pain during meals

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Helicobacter pylori

_____ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

Wilson

An early indicator of colon cancer is

a change in bowel habits

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is

adhesions

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

alcohol-induced injury

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

appendicitis

It is true that Graves disease is

associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to

blood or semen

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat

cerebral edema

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to

decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

dehydration

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

diabetes mellitus

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

enterocolitis

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

fat

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

functional bowel obstruction

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.

gangrene

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of

gastric ulcer

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

goiter

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

heartburn

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

hepatitis

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

hyperglycemia

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

hyponatremia

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

hypoparathyroidism

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

hypothyroidism

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction

The formation of active vitamin D

is impaired in renal failure

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.

low-protein and high-fiber

It is true that gallstones are

more common in women

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by

osteoblasts

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is

pain control

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

pancreatic β-cell destruction

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

pancreatitis

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to

remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

respiratory alkalosis

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?

No change in serum glucocorticoid level

______ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Obesity

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and

absent bowel sounds

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.

gastric bypass

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

hypoglycemia

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

increased blood ammonia levels

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis

indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones

is inhibited by iodine deficiency

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called

kernicterus

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

liver disease

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

necrotizing enterocolitis

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to

need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

nonketotic hyperosmolality

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display

normal birth length and weight

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

octreotide acetate

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.

portal

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

portal hypertension.

Barrett esophagus is a

preneoplastic lesion

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

results from inadequate ADH secretion

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults

results in the condition of acromegaly

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for

sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.

steady and boring

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

stomatitis

It is true that biliary cancer

tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

tremor

Normal bile is composed of

water, electrolytes, and organic solutes