Week 6: Chpt 36, 37, 38, 40, 41
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of
Graves disease
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stool
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori
_____ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
dehydration
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.
gangrene
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
heartburn
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis
The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is
hyperglycemia
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic β-cell destruction
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
______ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Obesity
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.
gastric bypass
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
hypoglycemia
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension.
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes
