Week 7 Patho

Microvascular complications of DM include

-Retinopathy (eyes) -neuropathy (renal system)

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

C. Alcoholism

What are therapies for type 1 DM?

Carbohydrate counting, daily exercise, and insulin

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) should be interpreted as ____ hepatitis

D. Acute

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with A. an increased indirect serum bilirubin. B. hemolytic reactions. C. Gilbert syndrome. D. hepatitis.

D. hepatitis

Barrett's esophagus is

D. preneoplastic lesion (preneoplastic condition)

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after ___procedures?

GASTRIC BYPASS

________ levels are most important in evaluating DM long term

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

A. Bloody diarrhea (inflammatory bowel condition)

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

A. Diabetes Mellitus

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

A. Helicobacter pylori

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

A. appendicitis

celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

A. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

A. necrotizing enterocolitis

Is it true that growth hormone excess in adults

A. results in condition of acromegaly

vomiting of blood can lead to

ANEMIA

which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Nausea b. Heartburn c. Diarrhea d. Abdominal cramps

B. Heart burn

rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension & carries a high ___ rate

B. Morbitity

Is it true that gallstones are a. a minimal risk for Native Americans. b. more common in women. c. more common in men. d. at highest risk among Asians.

B. More common in women

An early indicator of colon cancer is

C. Change in bowel habits

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis. b. cardiac angina. c. gastric ulcer. d. dysphagia.

C. Gastric Ulcer

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. gallbladder disease. b. appendicitis. c. pancreatitis. d. peritonitis.

C. Pancreatitis

hep B is usually transmitted by exposure to

C. blood or semen

the definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. lithotripsy of stones. b. chemical dissolution of stones. c. antibiotics and antinflammatories. d. cholecystectomy.

D. Cholecystectomy

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

Goiter

type 2 DM is due to

INSULIN RESISTANCE B-CELL DYSFUNCTION

_______ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus a. cardiovascular disease b. aging c. obesity d. sedentary lifestyle obesity

OBESITY

esophageal varices represent a complication of _____ hypertension?

PORTAL

Chronic cholecystitis can lead to (Select all that apply) a. biliary sepsis b. calcified gallbladder c. porcelain gallbladder d. cirrhosis e. diabetes mellitus

a. biliary sepsis b. calcified gallbladder c. porcelain gallbladder

Gastroesophageal varices will present with a history of

alcoholism with hematemesis & profound anemia (pts who have history of alch w/ hematemesis (vomiting of blood which leads to anemic situation) leads to gastroesophageal varices)

Most gallstones are composed of

cholesterol

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormone

is inhibited by iodine deficiency

diabetic nephropathy is due to a decrease in

myoinositol transport (type of amino acid)

Type 2 DM is associated with

nonketotic hyperosmolaity (this will make blood thicker/ more sluggish, pts can develop cardiac issues, issues w/ extremities)

Type 1 DM is due to

pancreatic b-cell destruction

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

results from inadequate ADH secretion

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.

A. GANGRENE

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

A. Fat

Jaundice is a common manifestation of A. malabsorption syndromes. B. anemia. C. liver disease. D. cholecystitis.

C. liver disease

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

Stomatitis

What are some clinical findings for Type 1 DM?

THE THREE POLYS -POLYURIA (inc urination) -POLYDIPSIA (inc thirst) -POLYPHAGIA (inc hunger)

Hypoglycemia will present with

TREMORS (shaking feeling)