Week 9 pre-class quiz: Bones
Examples of irregularly shaped bones include:
sesamoids and vertebrae
The mandible is connected to the rest of the skull by this type of joint:
synovial
Which joints contain hyaline cartilage?
synovial
What produces synovial fluid?
synovial membrane
What is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower part of the pelvic limb?
tibia
At the distal end of the humerus, what is the name of the articular surface that articulates with the ulna?
trochlea
Flexion decreases the angle between two bones. t/f
true
Horses have a large metatarsal bone and two small metatarsal bones (the splint bones). t/f
true
Periosteum and endosteum contain bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. t/f
true
Processes can be sites of tendinous attachments or have articular functions. t/f
true
The ends of long bones are called epiphyses. t/f
true
The external acoustic meatus is the only ear structure that is visible from the outside. t/f
true
The pituitary fossa is located in the sphenoid bone. t/f
true
The sesamoid bones of the horse help to prevent the tendons from wearing from constant back-and-forth movement over joints. t/f
true
Which bones help to warm and humidify air before it enters the lungs?
turbinates
The medial and lateral palpable surfaces at the distal end of the humerus are the:
epicondyles
Which of the following bones is not paired? temporal nasal ethmoid frontal
ethmoid
Where is the paranasal sinus housed in humans and horses?
ethmoid bone
Condyles are found on the distal ends of the femur, humerus, and scapula. t/f
false
Interparietal bones are located between the frontal and parietal bones on the skull. t/f
false
Once osteoclasts are surrounded by bone, they are called osteoblasts. t/f
false
The bones of the limbs make up the axial skeleton. t/f
false
The clavicle plays an important role in forming the shoulder joint in domestic animals. t/f
false
The hard palate is made of the palatine and incisive bones. t/f
false
The medial and lateral cruciate ligaments help prevent the bones of the stifle from sliding back and forth as the joint bends and straightens. t/f
false
The most caudal bone of the skull is the parietal bone. t/f
false
The olecranon is the socket component of the ball-and-socket joint of the hip joint. t/f
false
The tall spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae form joints with rib heads. t/f
false
The tuber coxae projects medially and joins with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. t/f
false
To what bone does the gastrocnemius muscle attach distally?
fibular tarsal bone
When a dog lowers its head to sniff the ground, what movement is occurring between the cervical vertebrae?
flexion
Ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called:
floating ribs
The spinal cord passes through this hole:
foramen magnum
In cattle, what bone is the cornual process a part of?
frontal
What is the name of the largest process on the proximal head of the femur?
greater trochanter
The proximal humerus has several processes, the largest of which is called:
greater tubercle
Compact bone consists of tightly compacted cylinders of bone called:
haversian systems
What common bone feature is a somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of long bones?
head
In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist?
horse
Which of the following animals has the fewest number of coccygeal bones? dogs pigs cattle humans
humans
This bone is considered by some authors to be a separate bone of the axial skeleton and not a bone of the skull.
hyoid
Intramembranous bone formation only occurs:
in certain skull bones
Where are amphiarthroses found?
in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses
Which of the following bones is not considered an internal bone of the face?
incisive
What is the name of the carpus in horses?
knee
What is the name of the knob at the distal end of the fibula?
lateral malleolus
Which of the following bones is paired? vomer malleus sphenoid occipital
malleus
What structure forms the "point of the elbow?"
olecranon process
What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in an animal's body?
patella
What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?
pivot joint
In what muscle tendon is the patella located?
quadriceps femoris
Which bone forms a joint with the pelvis?
sacrum
An animal with 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, and 6 lumbar vertebrae USUALLY has this many pairs of ribs:
13
Which statement is false? In humans, the tailbone consists of fused sacral bones. Rib heads are fused to the lateral articular facets of thoracic vertebrae to form suture joints. The first, most cranial, sternebra is called the xiphoid process. All of the above.
All of the above.
Which of the following statements is false? Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones. The two maxillary bones make up most of the upper jaw. The lacrimal bones form part of the medial portion of the orbit of the eye. The palatine bones form the caudal part of the hard palate.
Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones.
Gliding joints allow the most extensive movements of all the types of joints. t/f
False
Which metacarpal bone has evolved to be the large weight-bearing bone in the horse?
III
What metacarpal bones do cattle have?
III and IV
Which statement is false? Cattle have two dewclaws. Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I.
In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.
Which statement is true? The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone. The proximal sesamoid bone in the horse is called the navicular bone. The proximal-most phalanx in the horse is called the short pastern. The joint between the metacarpal bone and first phalanx is called the stifle.
The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone.
Which of the following statements is false? The zygomatic arches are the bony landmarks below and behind the eyes that form the widest part of the skull in dogs and cats. The two incisive bones are also called the premaxillary bones. The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture. The ramus of the mandible has the articular condyle that forms the temporomandibular joints with the temporal bone.
The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture.
Which statement is true? In most species, the styloid process articulates with the tarsus. The two bones of the forearm, or brachium, are the radius and ulna. The head of the humerus forms a ball-and-socket joint with the spine of the scapula. The radius is the main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium.
The radius is the main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium.
Which of the following statements is true? Cats and dogs have eight cervical vertebrae. Intervertebral discs house and protect the spinal cord. The wings of the atlas can sometimes be palpated just behind the skull. The dens of the atlas is an important part of the atlantoaxial joint.
The wings of the atlas can sometimes be palpated just behind the skull.
Blood vessels pass through countless tiny channels in bone called:
Volkmann's canals
Which of the following is true? Yellow bone marrow consists primarily of hematopoietic tissue. Yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow makes up the majority of bone marrow of young animals. Red bone marrow consists primarily of adipose connective tissue.
Yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow.
Where are fibrous joints found?
between the splint bones and the large metatarsal and metacarpal bones in horses in the skull
This hormone helps to prevent hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium in bones:
calcitonin
In the horse, what are the splint bones?
carpal bones II and IV
What animals have an os cordis?
cattle
What are the names of the ligaments inside the stifle joint?
cruciate ligaments
In which joints will ligaments be found?
diarthroses
