Week 9 pre-class quiz: Bones

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Examples of irregularly shaped bones include:

sesamoids and vertebrae

The mandible is connected to the rest of the skull by this type of joint:

synovial

Which joints contain hyaline cartilage?

synovial

What produces synovial fluid?

synovial membrane

What is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower part of the pelvic limb?

tibia

At the distal end of the humerus, what is the name of the articular surface that articulates with the ulna?

trochlea

Flexion decreases the angle between two bones. t/f

true

Horses have a large metatarsal bone and two small metatarsal bones (the splint bones). t/f

true

Periosteum and endosteum contain bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. t/f

true

Processes can be sites of tendinous attachments or have articular functions. t/f

true

The ends of long bones are called epiphyses. t/f

true

The external acoustic meatus is the only ear structure that is visible from the outside. t/f

true

The pituitary fossa is located in the sphenoid bone. t/f

true

The sesamoid bones of the horse help to prevent the tendons from wearing from constant back-and-forth movement over joints. t/f

true

Which bones help to warm and humidify air before it enters the lungs?

turbinates

The medial and lateral palpable surfaces at the distal end of the humerus are the:

epicondyles

Which of the following bones is not paired? temporal nasal ethmoid frontal

ethmoid

Where is the paranasal sinus housed in humans and horses?

ethmoid bone

Condyles are found on the distal ends of the femur, humerus, and scapula. t/f

false

Interparietal bones are located between the frontal and parietal bones on the skull. t/f

false

Once osteoclasts are surrounded by bone, they are called osteoblasts. t/f

false

The bones of the limbs make up the axial skeleton. t/f

false

The clavicle plays an important role in forming the shoulder joint in domestic animals. t/f

false

The hard palate is made of the palatine and incisive bones. t/f

false

The medial and lateral cruciate ligaments help prevent the bones of the stifle from sliding back and forth as the joint bends and straightens. t/f

false

The most caudal bone of the skull is the parietal bone. t/f

false

The olecranon is the socket component of the ball-and-socket joint of the hip joint. t/f

false

The tall spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae form joints with rib heads. t/f

false

The tuber coxae projects medially and joins with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. t/f

false

To what bone does the gastrocnemius muscle attach distally?

fibular tarsal bone

When a dog lowers its head to sniff the ground, what movement is occurring between the cervical vertebrae?

flexion

Ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called:

floating ribs

The spinal cord passes through this hole:

foramen magnum

In cattle, what bone is the cornual process a part of?

frontal

What is the name of the largest process on the proximal head of the femur?

greater trochanter

The proximal humerus has several processes, the largest of which is called:

greater tubercle

Compact bone consists of tightly compacted cylinders of bone called:

haversian systems

What common bone feature is a somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of long bones?

head

In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist?

horse

Which of the following animals has the fewest number of coccygeal bones? dogs pigs cattle humans

humans

This bone is considered by some authors to be a separate bone of the axial skeleton and not a bone of the skull.

hyoid

Intramembranous bone formation only occurs:

in certain skull bones

Where are amphiarthroses found?

in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses

Which of the following bones is not considered an internal bone of the face?

incisive

What is the name of the carpus in horses?

knee

What is the name of the knob at the distal end of the fibula?

lateral malleolus

Which of the following bones is paired? vomer malleus sphenoid occipital

malleus

What structure forms the "point of the elbow?"

olecranon process

What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in an animal's body?

patella

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?

pivot joint

In what muscle tendon is the patella located?

quadriceps femoris

Which bone forms a joint with the pelvis?

sacrum

An animal with 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, and 6 lumbar vertebrae USUALLY has this many pairs of ribs:

13

Which statement is false? In humans, the tailbone consists of fused sacral bones. Rib heads are fused to the lateral articular facets of thoracic vertebrae to form suture joints. The first, most cranial, sternebra is called the xiphoid process. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following statements is false? Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones. The two maxillary bones make up most of the upper jaw. The lacrimal bones form part of the medial portion of the orbit of the eye. The palatine bones form the caudal part of the hard palate.

Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones.

Gliding joints allow the most extensive movements of all the types of joints. t/f

False

Which metacarpal bone has evolved to be the large weight-bearing bone in the horse?

III

What metacarpal bones do cattle have?

III and IV

Which statement is false? Cattle have two dewclaws. Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I.

In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.

Which statement is true? The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone. The proximal sesamoid bone in the horse is called the navicular bone. The proximal-most phalanx in the horse is called the short pastern. The joint between the metacarpal bone and first phalanx is called the stifle.

The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone.

Which of the following statements is false? The zygomatic arches are the bony landmarks below and behind the eyes that form the widest part of the skull in dogs and cats. The two incisive bones are also called the premaxillary bones. The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture. The ramus of the mandible has the articular condyle that forms the temporomandibular joints with the temporal bone.

The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture.

Which statement is true? In most species, the styloid process articulates with the tarsus. The two bones of the forearm, or brachium, are the radius and ulna. The head of the humerus forms a ball-and-socket joint with the spine of the scapula. The radius is the main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium.

The radius is the main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium.

Which of the following statements is true? Cats and dogs have eight cervical vertebrae. Intervertebral discs house and protect the spinal cord. The wings of the atlas can sometimes be palpated just behind the skull. The dens of the atlas is an important part of the atlantoaxial joint.

The wings of the atlas can sometimes be palpated just behind the skull.

Blood vessels pass through countless tiny channels in bone called:

Volkmann's canals

Which of the following is true? Yellow bone marrow consists primarily of hematopoietic tissue. Yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow makes up the majority of bone marrow of young animals. Red bone marrow consists primarily of adipose connective tissue.

Yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow.

Where are fibrous joints found?

between the splint bones and the large metatarsal and metacarpal bones in horses in the skull

This hormone helps to prevent hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium in bones:

calcitonin

In the horse, what are the splint bones?

carpal bones II and IV

What animals have an os cordis?

cattle

What are the names of the ligaments inside the stifle joint?

cruciate ligaments

In which joints will ligaments be found?

diarthroses


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