week eight final quiz

Which of the following are true about punishment? (Choose all that are correct) A. The consequence will only be considered punishment if the organism finds the consequence aversive and the future occurrence of the behavior decreases as a result of receiving the consequence. B. Punishment is also known as negative reinforcement. C. Punishment can decrease the future likelihood of undesired behaviors. D. Punishment can decrease the future likelihood of desired behaviors.

A, C, and D

Which of the following is/are possible outcomes of punishment if punishment is effective? (Choose all that are correct) A. The punished behavior declines in frequency and intensity B. The punished behavior increases in intensity C. The punished behavior declines in intensity D. The punished behavior declines in frequency E. The punished behavior increases in frequency and intensity F. The punished behavior increases in frequency

A, C, and D

Assume typical responses to the following stimuli and events. Meaning if on average people find the stimuli or event aversive, assume it is aversive; and if on average, people find the stimuli or event desirable, assume it is desirable. Match the stimuli or event with whether it would be considered a positive or negative punisher. A. Positive punisher B. Negative punisher Being hit Giving money to a cause you despise

A. Being hit B. Giving money to a cause you despise

Mellanie wakes up at the exact same time every morning (5 AM). When she started waking up at this time, she used an alarm clock to wake herself up. Now, she has noticed her body wakes up naturally around 4:55 AM. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Classical conditioning B. Positive punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Negative punishment E. Negative reinforcement F. None of these

A. Classical conditioning

Match the operant conditioning response with the correct way the stimulus or event is presented for that response. A. Removal of a desired or pleasant stimulus or event B. Addition of a desired or pleasant stimulus or event C. Removal of an undesired or aversive stimulus or event D. Addition of an undesired or aversive stimulus or event Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

A. Negative punishment B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement D. Positive punishment

Amalia dislikes people talking in the audience while others are performing. During one performance she politely told two people to stop talking and they did. Amalia is now more likely to politely ask other audience members to stop talking if they are. What response consequence did she experience? A. Negative reinforcement B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment

A. Negative reinforcement

Mary and her sister were playing when Mary hit her sister. Mary's father then spanked her. Mary is now less likely to hit her sister in front of her father. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive punishment B. Classical conditioning C. Negative punishment D. Positive reinforcement E. Negative reinforcement F. None of these

A. Positive punishment

Last week, Kaitlin was watching television with her big brother, Winston. All of a sudden, Winston leaned over and punched Kaitlin in the arm. For doing so, Winston's mom took away his television privileges. Winston hasn't punched Kaitlin since. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Positive punishment E. Classical conditioning F. None of these

C. Negative punishment

Match the term to the correct definition. A. Addition of an aversive stimulus or event following a behavior that causes the future likelihood of that behavior occurring to decrease B. Process during which the desired behavior is being reinforced and when the organism engages in the undesired behavior, they are unable to be reinforced. C. Removal of a desired stimulus or event following a behavior that causes the future likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future to decrease D. When the consequence of engaging in a behavior decreases the future likelihood of engaging in that behavior in a similar situation in the future E. A stimulus or event that decreases the likelihood of the behavior it follows occurring again in a similar situation in the future in response to this consequence Positive punishment Negative punishment Omission training Punisher Punishment

A. Positive punishment B. Omission training C. Negative punishment D. Punishment E. Punisher

Match the operant conditioning response with the correct change in the future likelihood of the behavior. A. Decrease in the future likelihood of the behavior happening again in a similar situation in the future B. Increase in the future likelihood of the behavior happening again in a similar situation in the future Reinforcement Punishment

A. Punishment B. Reinforcement

Assume typical responses to the following stimuli and events. Meaning if on average people find the stimuli or event aversive, assume it is aversive; and if on average, people find the stimuli or event desirable, assume it is desirable. Match the stimuli or event with whether it would be considered a positive or negative punisher. A. Negative punisher B. Positive punisher Being reprimanded Receiving the "cold shoulder"

A. Receiving the "cold shoulder" B. Being reprimanded

Nicole is unassertive and her friends take advantage of her but she enjoys spending time with them. When she was assertive by telling a friend she was unable to help her out, her friend told Nicole she was no longer able to hang out with her that night. Nicole has not been assertive with that friend since then. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Classical conditioning B. Negative punishment C. Positive punishment D. Positive reinforcement E. Negative reinforcement F. None of these

B. Negative punishment

C'nee dislikes country music. Her best friend, Jazmyn, knows this and after C'nee insulted her, Jazmyn blared country music in her car. C'nee is now less likely to insult Jazmyn. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Classical conditioning B. Positive punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Positive reinforcement E. Negative punishment F. None of these

B. Positive punishment

Which of the following is true? A. Positive punishment is removing a pleasant stimuli contingent on a behavior that reduces the likelihood of the behavior in the future. B. Positive punishment is adding an aversive stimuli contingent on a behavior that reduces the likelihood of the behavior in the future. C. Punishment reduces inappropriate behavior only.

B. Positive punishment is adding an aversive stimuli contingent on a behavior that reduces the likelihood of the behavior in the future.

When Colleen threw a temper tantrum last month, her mother made her sit in the time-out chair for 2 minutes. Since then, Colleen has not thrown another temper tantrum. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive reinforcement B. Classical conditioning C. Negative punishment D. Negative reinforcement E. Positive punishment F. None of these

C. Negative punishment

I have plantar fasciitis, which is a foot condition that causes pain. Whenever it flares up and my foot hurts, I stretch my calf muscles and the pain goes away. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Negative punishment B. Positive punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Positive reinforcement E. Classical conditioning F. None of these

C. Negative reinforcement

Juan politely asked his mother if he could go outside to play with his friends and she yelled at him for interrupting her while she was doing work. The next time he asked her to do something he did not ask politely. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative punishment C. Positive punishment D. Classical conditioning E. Negative reinforcement F. None of these

C. Positive punishment

Workers at the preschool taught Leonard and the other students correct color names. In order to encourage the children to use these names, they began giving objects and materials to the children only when the children had asked for the materials using the correct color name (e.g., Leonard's requests for a ball were not honored but his requests for a blue ball were). As a result of this procedure, Leonard and the other children used the correct color names when requesting objects and materials much more often than they had before. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Classical conditioning B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment E. Negative reinforcement F. None of these

C. Positive reinforcement

Which of the following is/are true about the intention of punishment (as the term punishment is used in psychology)? (Choose all that are correct) A. The intention is to provide a penalty equal to the crime or offense. B. The intention is to teach the organism to engage in an alternative behavior. C. The intention is to reduce or eliminate the frequency, intensity, or both the frequency and intensity of the behavior being punished. D. The intention is to make the punished organism experience regret for engaging in the undesired behavior.

C. The intention is to reduce or eliminate the frequency, intensity, or both the frequency and intensity of the behavior being punished.

To promote discussion in his classes, Dr. Anson gives extra credit for class participation. Last week, Chris tried to answer every question that Dr. Anson asked. In turn, Dr. Anson told Chris that if he asked one more question, he would not be able to earn extra credit for the next 5 minutes. Chris stopped trying to answer every question. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive punishment D. Negative punishment E. Classical conditioning F. None of these

D. Negative punishment

Wan was learning how to cook. She picked up a pot off the hot stove without wearing an oven mitt on her hand. She burnt her hand and since then has never picked up a hot pot off the stove without an oven mitt on her hand. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Classical conditioning E. Positive punishment F. None of these

E. Positive punishment

Liam frequently acted up at school. Today he was talking loudly with the children at his table as the teacher was speaking. As a result, the teacher came over to his table and talked to him about how inappropriate his behavior was. The next day Liam was talking loudly to the other children at his table even more often than normal. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Classical conditioning B. Negative reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Positive punishment E. Positive reinforcement F. None of these

E. Positive reinforcement

Dr. Arnold was working with a four-year-old boy with traumatic brain injury who had few movements and no speech since he had been in an automobile accident. Dr. Arnold began talking to the boy every day regardless of what the boy did as therapeutic procedure. At first the boy would smile only about twice a day, but as a result of Dr. Arnold talking to the boy his smiling increased to about once a minute. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Positive punishment B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement D. Negative punishment E. Classical conditioning F. None of these

F. None of these

Marquis read a book that motivated him to decrease the amount of times he complains. After finishing the book Marquis went from complaining on average 50 times per day to twice a day. Determine if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, classical conditioning, or none of the above. A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative punishment D. Classical conditioning E. Positive punishment F. None of these

F. None of these

For punishment, the consequence has to be considered aversive by the majority of individuals. True False

False