week two final quiz

Match the label for the following types of functional relations with the correct example of that type of functional relation A. As time spent studying increases, grade on exam increases until it reaches a maximum of 100%. B. When Kyle begins to study his anxiety decreases drastically. As he continues to study, his anxiety continues to decrease but not as quickly and it eventually reaches no anxiety as he continues to study. C. From the time you wake up until the time you go to sleep, your level of awakeness decreases, slowly at first, and then more rapidly as you drift off to sleep. D. As Miguel begins to invest money in the stock market, his investments begin to grow. At first his investments grow slowly, but as time goes on and there is more money in his portfolio, his investments grow more rapidly. E. As minutes spent exercising increases, ratings of depressed mood decrease. F. For each chore Jo completes she earns 10 cents. Positive linear Negative linear Positive, Positively accelerating relation Negative, Positively accelerating relation Positive, Negatively accelerating relation Negative, Negatively accelerating relation

A. Negative, Negatively accelerating relation B. Negative, Negatively accelerating relation C. Positive, Negatively accelerating relation D. Negative, Positively accelerating relation E. Positive, Positively accelerating relation F. Negative linear

Dr. Kellum hypothesized that placing delineator posts along the line between where cars can drive and where bikers can bike would reduce the number of accidents involving bicyclists. She looked up the number of accidents involving bicyclists the previous year along a specific road on campus and then put up delineator posts along the line between where cars can drive and where bikers can bike. She then measured the number of accidents involving bicyclists after putting up the posts. A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable C. Potential confounding variable The number of accidents involving bicyclists Presence of delineator posts Quality of drivers on the road

A. Presence of delineator posts B. The number of accidents involving bicyclists C. Quality of drivers on the road

George was nervous the first time he gave an oral presentation. Since then his nervousness has steadily increased. This is an example of __________. A. Sensitization B. Habituation C. Dishabituation

A. Sensitization

The first time Moura, a nurse in the ICU, heard a heart monitor produce the flat line sound, she reacted quickly but not as quickly as her co-workers. Over time Moura has become more and more responsive to the sound. This is an example of ___. A. Sensitization B. Dishabituation C. Habituation

A. Sensitization

According to the opponent-process theory, which of the following is the most likely for sky divers? (Sky dives take about 10 minutes total per dive) A. A feeling of horror after the dive is over B. A feeling of exhilaration that lasts for hours after the dive is over C. A feeling of relief once the dive is over that lasts for a couple minutes

B. A feeling of exhilaration that lasts for hours after the dive is over

Dr. Jay wants to examine the impact of surgical pain on learning. The potential benefits of her study have been deemed to be large. What is most likely to happen? A. Dr. Jay will need to pay human participants at least $500 to participate. B. Dr. Jay will use animal subjects to study this topic. C. Dr. Jay will not be allowed to study this topic.

B. Dr. Jay will use animal subjects to study this topic.

Which of the following is thought to be adaptive because it helps animals decrease attending to non-threatening or irrelevant stimuli? A. Dishabituation B. Habituation C. Sensitization D. None of the above

B. Habituation

Which of the following is considered to be the best method to control for a confounding variable? A. Randomly assign participants/subjects to groups B. Keep the variable constant for all participants/subjects C. You cannot control for confounding variables because they are unknown to the researcher. D. Measure all participants/subjects for the confounding variable and then statistically control for it

B. Keep the variable constant for all participants/subjects

Please choose the best operational definition for the variable "exercise". A. Days per week I went to the gym. B. Time spent at the gym. C. Minutes spent engaging in any of the following activities: running, speed-walking, lifting weights, taking an exercise class, doing yoga. D. Running, speed-walking, lifting weights, taking an exercise class, doing yoga.

C. Minutes spent engaging in any of the following activities: running, speed-walking, lifting weights, taking an exercise class, doing yoga.

Brook loves sky diving and has done it at least 100 times, but she has noticed that she does not experience the same thrill after taking a dive that she used to get. What happened? A. She developed withdrawal from repeated exposures B. She habituated to the dives C. She developed tolerance due to repeated exposures

C. She developed tolerance due to repeated exposures

Terrell loves spending time watching TV and normally will do anything to gain access to TV. However after a week off where he spent almost all day for 5 days watching TV when his girlfriend promises him he'll get to watch TV if he exercises with her first he is not motivated to exercise in order to gain access to TV. Based on what we know from learning, what is the most likely reason? A. Terrell experienced reinforcer overload B. Terrell experienced sensitization to the reinforcer C. Terrell experienced habituation to the reinforcer

C. Terrell experienced habituation to the reinforcer

Tom trained his dog to stand on its back paws for a treat but his dog just ate a huge meal and is currently refusing to do so. Why? A. The dog has habituated to the treat B. The dog is deprived, so the treat is not rewarding like it normally is C. The dog is satiated, so the treat is not rewarding like it normally is

C. The dog is satiated, so the treat is not rewarding like it normally is

While trying to study, your roommate turns on ESPN. At first you are annoyed and distracted but soon you are able to concentrate on studying. Your roommate suddenly sneezes and interrupts your concentration and the TV again annoys you again. This return of your annoyance exemplifies: A. reduced B state B. sensitization C. dishabituation D. reduced A state

C. dishabituation

A bird guarding its nest sees a rival in its territory, thus eliciting attack behavior. But, the intruder is larger and more threatening which elicits fear behavior. The bird is most likely to: A. attack the intruder B. flee from the intruder C. peck at the ground

C. peck at the ground (when conflicting environmental stimuli are present, neither instinctive behavior of each environmental stimuli will be shown, instead a behavior from another system will be.)

A'niya believes that animals should be used in research. What is she not likely to use as a reason to use animals in research? A. "The potential benefit to humans outweighs the potential harm to the animals." B. "Animals are more consistent than humans so it's easier to find cause and effect." C. "We can't test everything on humans so we have to test some things on animals." D. "Animals are much cheaper to use as research participants than paying humans."

D. "Animals are much cheaper to use as research participants than paying humans."

Which of the following is the best example of habituation? A. A male cricket tires of making his mating call and stops, a nearby male begins to call so the cricket begins to call again. B. A dog who fetches tennis balls becomes more excited after the first couple of throws than after the first throw. C. Your parents tell you that since they are paying the bills you should call more often than once a week. D. In your freshman year someone repeatedly pulled the fire alarm at 2 am. After two weeks of this you no longer responded to the fire alarm.

D. In your freshman year someone repeatedly pulled the fire alarm at 2 am. After two weeks of this you no longer responded to the fire alarm.

Lila is designing a psychology study and needs to put all of the following protections in place for her human participants except: A. Obtain informed consent from her participants prior to their starting the study. B. Debrief her participants after the study regarding what the study was about. C. Make sure she protects her participants' confidentiality throughout the study and afterwards. D. Pay her participants enough money to make sure they will want to participate.

D. Pay her participants enough money to make sure they will want to participate.

According to the Lorenz-Tinbergen model: A. Environmental stimuli elicit instinctive behavior B. How likely an animal is to engage in an instinctive behavior depends on time since last occurrence and intensity of releasing stimuli C. Which instinctive behavior is released depends on the environmental stimuli D. A & B E. All of the above F. None of the above

E. All of the above

According to the opponent-process theory of motivation, if a test like this makes you nervous and worried, after you are finished with the test, you should feel relaxed and relieved. True False

True

Which of the following about how the opponent-process theory has been used to understand addictive behavior? (There may be more than one correct answer, choose all that are correct.) A. If sufficient time has not elapsed since the last use of the substance or event, the opponent state will strengthen in magnitude and duration, creating withdrawal symptoms and increasing the likelihood of addiction. B. Following the initial effects of the addictive behavior, the opposing affective state develops. C. An unpleasant affective state can prompt addictive behavior even when the unpleasant affective state is not due to withdrawal because the individual has learned to engage in the addictive behavior to terminate the aversive affective state D. Addictive behavior is adaptive response to aversive B state; i.e. it is an attempt to stop (or prevent) the aversive withdrawal B state

all of the above

Which of the following is/are (there may be more than one correct) a functional relation? A. As time spent studying increases, grade on exam increases until it reaches a maximum of 100%. B. For each chore Jo completes she earns 10 cents. C. As minutes spent exercising increases, ratings of depressed mood decrease. D. When Kyle begins to study his anxiety decreases drastically. As he continues to study, his anxiety continues to decrease but not as quickly and it eventually reaches no anxiety as he continues to study.

all of the above