week6

One advantage of____ crops is that varieties can be created that are drought-, frost-, and disease-resistant.

GM

The process of rotational grazing

distributes manure evenly throughout the pasture invigorates pastureland helps maintain health livestock

African countries where malnourishment is high (greater than 35 percent of the population) include (Select all that apply.)

niger somalia ethiopia

people who have a body mass index (BMI) over 30km/m2 are considered _____

obese

The growing rate of ______ in adults is linked to a diet rich in oily and sugary foods and lifestyles that involve less walking and less physical work than previous generations.

obesity

True or false: Many farmers in the United States have switched to crops that minimize soil erosion since the government pays high subsidies to conserve topsoil and nutrients.

false

the most dominant type of genetically modified trait involves gene transfers that offer drought tolerance and fire tolerance to crops

false

Armed conflicts and political oppression are the leading factors that cause

famine

Land enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) declined by more than 25 percent from 2007 to 2012, largely as a result of

farmers find' ng more profit in using lands for ethanol production instead of CRP

Unlike other meat resources ____, commercially are/is the only wild-caught meat source still sold

fish

The is a program enacted in the United States to reduce soil erosion by paying farmers to keep highly erodible land out of crop production.

conservation reserve program

After ____ crop varieties were introduced to united states, crop yields increased dramatically

hybrid

about__of the seafood consumed is produced in aquaculture, alleviating some stress on wild populations

half

What will likely contribute to world food production expansion in the future?

higher yields and new crop varieties

_____-based aquaculture, in which fish species are raised in farm ponds, offers reduced threats to wild fish populations including decreased spread of diseases and pollution, and it can have higher fish yields than traditional aquaculture methods. (Use only one word per blank.)

land

Obesity can sometimes result from poverty and food insecurity because apply.) . (Select all that

poor-quality food, such as sugary drinks and fast-food snacks, are often cheap and readily available a lack of good-quality food choices may lead to a craving for carbohydrates the poor often lack time to cook their own food, purchasing fast-food snacks instead

A food production concern in the United States is

related to what to do with surplus food resources

food security is the ability____

to obtain suficiend food on a day-to-day basis

Malnourishment occurs when a person

does not rcccivo sufficient nutrients from their food

Economist Robert Fogel suggests that hunger costs the world____ in economic growth each year, since hungry people are not effective workers.

120 billion

Recommended daily value of food energy consumption Global average daily consumption of food energy Average daily consumption of food energy in industrialized countries

2200kcal 3000kcal 4000kcal

Nearly adults, or about 28 percent of the world's adult population, are considered to be overweight but not obese.

2bil

Which of the following statements best describes the overall impact that international food aid has on hunger-stricken communities?

Food aid has good intentions but it also displaces communities, increases violence and corruption, and increases joblessness among aid recipients.

regulates metabolism and brain development essential for early fetal development helps maintain hemoglobin levels in the blood

Iodine vitamin A/Folic acid iron

Which of the following statements regarding global obesity patterns are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Obesity affects many developing countries, and is not just limited to wea thier nations. More than twice as many people are overweight than are underweight. About 10 percent of adults are obese.

The effect of subsidized agriculture in wealthier countries . (Select all that apply.)

allow american farmers to sell their products at up to 20percent below production costs destabilizes food production in developing countries

The use of ____drugs in livestock production makes animals cheaper, bigger, and more available compared to nonenhanced production systems

antibiotics

_____ the cultivation of aquatic species in net pens or tanks, provides for about had of the seafood we eat

aquaculture

Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) (Select all that apply.)

are designed to rapid y grow anima s for meat require specially prepared mixes of corn, soy, and animal protein have led to the development of new breeds of livestock

critics of genetically modified foods argue that gm products____.

are not fully understood regarding their potential health implications

famines are most often caused by

armed conflict and political oppression

About $350 ____is spent by the world's richest countries each year to support agriculture, including irrigation systems, crop insurance, and direct subsidies.

billion

The current recommended food pyramid, which is based upon the Mediterranean diet, includes . (Select all that apply.)

copious amounts of nuts, legumes, druits, and vege sparse consumption of red meat and starchy foods moderate exercise at its base

The majority of the U.S. __ and___ crops are genetically modified (GM) for herbicide resistance, which helps provide greater yields compared to non-GM varieties.

corn and soybean

Although international food aid is meant to bring relief to chronically undernourished people, it can have a negative impact because (Select all that apply.)

corruption and violence often occur against vulnerable relief aid recipients settling people into feeding camps destabilizes communities there are no jobs in the feeding camps for people to support themselves

The wave of suicides among farmers in India is the result of

debt burdens incurred while trying to afford genetically modified crops and pesticides

As the global population continues to grow, the proportion of the population who are chronically undernourished has over time.

decrease

famines commonly result in ____

economic chaos social disruption massive starvation

A(n)____modified organism is created by borrowing DNA from completely unrelated species in order to generate favorable characteristics in the modified organism.

genetically

The natural pesticide originating from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium is becoming less effective at fighting crop pests, threating organic agriculture. This is because

genetically modified crops often include the Bt gene, which creates overexposure and Bt resistance in pest populations

marasmus

gives children a thin and shriveled appearance causes low resistance to disease and infections is caused by deficiencies in both calories and protein

Many farmers choose to grow cultivation-intensive crops, despite the risk of erosion, because

government subsidies for these crops are seven times greater than similar subsidies for soil conservation

The____is often accused of driving poorer farmers from their land, as rising land prices and falling commodity values squeezed them from both sides.

green revolution

World food production has been able to keep pace with global population growth due to . (Select all that apply.)

increased use of irrigation better distribution systems improved crop varieties

Genetically modified (GM) corn crops are used for all of the following purposes in the United States except____

invasive species management

Anemia usually results from a lack of in a person's diet.

iron

when young children are fed a diet of mainly cheap starchy foods Wpified by puffy, discolored skin and a bloated bel y a West African word meaning "displaced child"

kwashiorkor is___

In addition to being used as food, many genetically modified (GM) crops, such as corn and soybeans, are also used for in the United States. (Select all that apply.)

livestock feed industrial oils biofuels

the term given to a person who tries to eat only locally grown food is a

locavore

The primary focus of genetically modified (GM) seed development is to

maximize crop production when combined with specialized chemicals

The production of__is very expensive since it requires large amounts of grain to feed to the livestock. Consumption of this product is often an indicator of wealth.

meat

The _____diet minimizes red meats and starchy foods, and allows for copious consumption of nuts, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.

mediterranean

the number of chronically undernourished people around the world is estimated at 870___

million

approx ___ of Americans are seriously overweight or obese.

one-third

"High responder" crop varieties tend to produce best when the

optimal levels of fertilizer water and pest control are applied

Between 2008 and 2010, the European Union's demand for____for use as a biofuel, caused riots over this much-needed food resource in developing countries.

palm oil

northern europe melanesia and the south pacific dry regions of africa

potatos, barley and rye cassava and sweet potatoes sorghum and millet

The production of meat

requires as much as 16 times more energy(per kilogram) has a greater impact on americans' energy consumption than the use of automobiles

What are the benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops? (Select all that apply.)

resistance against drought, disease and pests offer additional nutritional value

wheat, ___, and maizze are the three primary crops that humans depend upon for food

rice

____is the main animal protein source for about 1.5 billion people in developing

seafood

A person who is overweight or obese is at a greater risk for (Select all that apply.)

stroke heart attacks diabetes

Ninety-five percent of chronically undernourished people live in

sub saharan africa and south asia

the green revolution refers to the

sudden increase in crop yields in the 1950s and 1960s that resulted from new technologies and crop varieties

When antibiotics are constantly used in meat production, the result is___

the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health

The rise in annual catches of ocean fish, and the corresponding decline in major fisheries, since the 1950s is largely the result of

the development of freezer technology to preserve catches on board ships

The development of the winged bean as an agricultural product is one example of

the increasing interest many food producers have for alternative agricultural systems

alternative agriculture refers to____

types Of agriculture that aim to reduce Our dependence On Oil, antibiotics, and pesticides in food production

a person who is chronically ____ consumes less than 2200 kcal a day in food energy.

undernourished

Global food prices often rise, despite their abundance, because (Select all that apply.)

weather conditions can often trigger spikes in prices food is often bought and sold for profit on commodity markets

____in the developing world do the majority of the farmwork involved in food production, but rarely control the land or capital involved

women