Western Civ Ch 14 Questions
Who was Prester John?
A mythical Christian king in Africa
After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained many slaves except?
Black Africans
Which of the following best characterizes the role of Europe in the world trading system prior to the voyage of Columbus?
Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations.
How did the encomienda system function?
The Spanish Crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.
The motivations for European explorers included all of the following except
fear of the Black Death.
Which of the following was a major motivation for European exploration?
Desire for material profit
How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?
Enslavement benefited the Africans by bringing Christianity to them.
Which of the following plays by Shakespeare highlighted the issue of race?
Othello
In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company
took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.
Most women who crossed the Atlantic to the Americas were
Africans
How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint to Europe's growing imperial activities?
Montaigne rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.
Who resisted the efforts of the Portuguese to establish themselves in the Indian Ocean trade?
Muslim-controlled port cities
At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were
off the coast of Asia.
William Shakespeare's genius lay in all of the following except
the use of clear and unadorned expressions.
Which of the following best characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of Europeans and Africans to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?
About four times as many Africans migrated to America as did Europeans.
What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Dias: "To serve God and his Majesty..." Hernan Cortes: "I have come to win gold..."
Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations and creating trade
How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century?
Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion.
According to Map 14.3, what nations dominated the global sea trade routes during this period?
Atlantic coast European nations
How did French colonies respond to the problem of the low immigration levels from France?
Colonial officials encouraged French traders to form ties with and marry native women.
What became Cortes's crucial advantage in conquest of Mexican Empire?
Cortes was able to exploit internal dissention within the Mexica Empire.
How did English colonies differ from other major European colonies in their treatment of African women?
English master rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves.
When Vasco de Gama arrived in the Indian Ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters?
He hired an Indian guide.
"Everyone gives the title of barbarism...." How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to Europe's growing imperial activities?
He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.
According to his agreement with the Spanish Crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia?
He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey.
The European voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
Indian Ocean trade.
Bartolome de Las Casa asserted that the
Indians had human rights
What did Columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the Caribbean?
Islands off the coast of Japan.
How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?
It forced Europeans to search for alternate trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East, the Turkish Ottomans and the
Persian Safavids
Which European nation-with the help of Genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators-initiated an exploration along the Atlantic Coast of Africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper?
Portugal
After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained many slaves except
Portuguese peasants
Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by
Prince Henry
How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers?
Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.
Based on Map 14.1, Afroeurasian trade during this period was centered on what body of water?
The Indian Ocean
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries?
The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch
How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca king Atahualpa?
The Spanish ambushed and captured Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him.
How did Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe affect Spanish colonization?
The great distance of the Pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in Asia and develop the American colonies instead.
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the sixteenth century?
The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods.
How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain its control over its colonies?
The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy.
"Within a few days after our departure..." This quote from Thomas Hariot's report refers to what effect of European colonization?
The spread of European disease among Native Americans
The following is an excerpt from the response of the vanquished leaders of Tenochtitlan to Franciscan missionaries seeking to convert them: "You have told us that we do not know..." Based on this statement, which of the following can be said of the leaders of Tenochtitlan?
They accepted the fact that they had been defeated.
How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?
They sought a northwest passage across North America.
How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?
They traded for slaves with local leaders.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
divided the Atlantic Ocean with an imaginary line, giving Spain control of everything west of the line and Portugal everything east of the line.
The group of people who benefitted the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century was the
middle class.
The following is an excerpt from Columbus's description of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola: "Hispaniola is a wonder..." This description supports the contention that Columbus's patrons in Spain were particularly interested in
the economic potential of the lands Columbus explored
Settles from the Massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as Connecticut and Rhode Island because
there were religious disputes among the colonists.