Western civ II wk 4

Match each philosophe to his thoughts on religious toleration for Jews

Gotthold Lessing- wrote a play about a jewish merchant Moses Mendelssohn- defended Jewish communities against anti-semitism

Identify Cesare Beccaria's beliefs about law and punishment.

He believed that punishment should be used to maintain social order and prevent other crimes

Identify the areas of society that Enlightenment philosophes studied.

religious beliefs law and gov gender race

Identify the two main places where the aristocratic elites discussed Enlightenment ideas.

salons learner societies/academics

Identify which one of the following statements does not describe an aspect of shopkeeping in the eighteenth century

shopkeeping developed at a slower pace than agriculture and manufacturing

Identify Enlightenment thinkers' main argument against slavery.

slavery defied natural law and freedom

Identify how the scientific revolution influenced the Enlightenment's use of reason.

the scientific method provided a model of inquiry to study other phenomena in society

Identify how most Enlightenment thinkers viewed the Americas.

they saw the americas as uncorruoted territory reflecting natural simplicity in the lives of the native people

Literacy rates for Europeans were higher in northern Europe than southern Europe

true

The middle class purchased previously uncommon luxuries such as sugar, coffee, tobacco, and newspapers during the eighteenth century.

true

Identify how laissez-faire economics contrasted with mercantilism

while mercantilism supported government regulation of trade, laissez-faire advocates argued for a lack of government interference

Identify how "enlightened" Europeans' perceptions of native populations differed from those in previous time periods

In previous centuries, Europeans saw themselves as Christians and native peoples as heathens

Identify which philosophe most directly influenced the following passage from the Declaration of Independence.

John Locke

Match each rational thinker to his beliefs

Kant- believed that reason represented intellectual independence Locke- believed that knowledge developed from sense perception Hume-promoted skepticism

Match each philosophe with his belief.

Montesquieu- focused on structures of government Voltaire- opposed religious bigotry Diderot- organized a book to summarize knowledge

Match each enlightened absolutist ruler to his or her empire in central and eastern Europe.

Russia- Catherine the Great Austria- Joseph II Prussia- Fredrick II

Identify the statement that best reflects Mary Wollstonecraft's response to Rousseau's Emile. "Rousseau declares that a woman should never, for a moment, feel herself independent, ... He carries the arguments, which he pretends draw from the indications of nature, still further, and insinuates that truth and fortitude, the corner stones of all human virtue, should be cultivated with certain restrictions, because, with respect to the female character, obedience is the grand lesson. ... "

Wollstonecraft argued that Rousseau's arguments are based on false assumptions

Identify technological innovations in textiles.

printing techniques for calico cloth knitting frames

Identify the factors that led to demographic growth in Europe during the eighteenth century

better farming methods improved sanitation

Identify which one of the following actions was not taken by governments in response to industrial development

creating joint stock companies to develop industry

Identify which one of the following cultural changes was not a key characteristic of the public sphere

equality between men and women

Enlightenment philosophes advocated for immediate liberation from slavery and freedom for enslaved people.

false

Define philosophe as used in the Enlightenment.

freethinker

Identify the factors that allowed for the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

growth of cities spread of literacy new forms of social interaction

Identify how popular culture spread throughout the countryside in the eighteenth century.

guild organizations street theater

Identify the main beliefs of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

man is by nature free the people are united by a general will

Identify the characteristics of the "revolution in communication" during the Enlightenment.

newspapers increased circulation book publishing increased

Identify the reasons why novels became popular during the Enlightenment.

non-aristocratic characters were relevant to the middle class many middle-class women were literate the examination of emotions connected to humanity

Identify the types of reading materials that appealed primarily to literate Europeans.

political propaganda etiquette books

Identify the author's main argument regarding slavery in the following passage from the Encyclopedia. "Thus there is not a single one of these hapless souls—who, we maintain, are but slaves—who does not have the right to be declared free, since he has never lost his freedom; since it was impossible for him to lose it; ... "

slaves, as all humans, have the right to freedom

Identify how manufacturing developed in urban settings.

small shops employed between five and twenty skilled workers

Identify Adam Smith's economic beliefs described in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)

smith opposed mercantilism smith supported individual economic pursuit smith believed that competition made markets efficient

Identify how Enlightenment thinkers responded to the emerging consumer culture.

some thought that the changes were progress some thought that valued traditions were being lost

Identify the locations where the middle class primarily discussed Enlightenment ideas

taverns and coffeehouses

Select the correct definition of deism

the belief that God constructed the universe and let it run regularly

Identify the concept that best reflects Rousseau's philosophy of "general will."

the common interest, which rose above particular individual demands

Identify the main concerns of Enlightenment thinkers

the importance of law and reason the value of religious toleration the dangers of absolute authority

Identify which entity Rousseau believed was sovereign in society.

the people

Identify how textile production developed in the European countryside

the putting-out system allowed for piecemeal work textile production allowed for work on farms in the off season transportation allowed the development of trade networks