W.H. All of Chapter 20 :)

The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas was called the what?

Atlantic slave trade

What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following-Enslaved Africans

Separation from families, harsh lives, eventual development of rich cultural heritage.

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies- Reasons for colonization

Search for religious freedom

New France- Explorers

- Verrazono -Cartier - Champlain -Mavquette -Joliet

Jamestown- Founders

-London investors who received a charter from king James.

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies- Settlers

-Pilgrims -Puritans

What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following- Present-day American cultures

Addition of Africans to population group, mixed-race populations, cultural additions, cultural blending

African ________,_______, and____________ continue to influence the American continent today.

African *art, food, and music* continue to influence the American continent today.

New Netherland-land claims

Along the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson strait.

Why were the Puritans at first so interested in converting the Native Americans?

Because they thought the Native Americans wer heathens-people without a faith.

How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic Slave trade-African Merchants?

Bought and sold slaves, when some opposed slave trade- merchants developed new trade routes.

How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic Slave trade-European colonization of the Americas

Colonists force native Americans to work in the mines and plantations

How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic Slave trade-Portuguese Settlement of Brazil?

Demand for slavery grew massively as Brazil sugar industry expanded.

What differences would you say finally led to war between the two groups?

Different views of faith, but mainly the Europeans taking the Natives land permanently-technically tricking the Native Americans.

Europeans in the Americans turned to Africans for labor because Native Americans died of what?

Disease, brutal treatment, and warfare

What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following- American colonies

Economic & cultural development, back breaking labor, & farming expertise that helped many colonies survive.

The leading carrier of enslaved Africans until 1807 was who?

England

Jamestown-Significance of colony

England's first permanent North American colony.

How did the difference in how the Europeans and Native Americans viewed land ownership affect how both groups viewed land treaties?

Europeans viewed it as permanent, while Native Americans viewed it as sharing.

New Netherlands- reasons for colonization

Expand fur trade and set up permanent colonies.

Why did the Native Americans need more land than European colonists?

For every acre a colonial farmer needed to support life, a Native American needed 10 for hunting, fishing, and agriculture.

The Spanish explorer who conquered the Inca was who?

Francisco Pizarro

How did Native Americans react to attempts to convert them?

Hostility-groups started to see each other as enemies

What was unique about the Spanish colonization of the lands of New Mexico.

Many priests explored & colonized much of the region.

The transatlantic trading network that transported enslaved persons was know as the what?

Middle Passage

How did Native Americans and European views of land ownership differ?

Native Americans thought it was just a way to receive gifts & just share the land. Europeans saw it as a one time deal thing.

Who was an enslaved person who wrote about the inhumane treatment of captured Africans?

Olaudah Equiano

What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following-African societies

Population drain, introduction of guns, that helped spread war & devastation.

What was the long-term consequence of Spain abolishing the enocmienda system?

Replacement of Native American forced labor with African forced labor, enslavement of Africans.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea that he named what?

San Salvador

How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic Slave trade-African ruler

Some helped deliver slaves to Europeans in exchange for goods

The first European settlers in the Americas were the what?

Spanish

What rebellion was a violent uprising of a group of slaves in South Carolina in 1739?

Stono Rebellion

What factors helped the Spanish defeat the Aztec?

Superior weapons, aid of some groups of natives, European diseases that killed many natives who had no immunity to them.

The ______________ industry in the Portuguese colony of Brazil demanded a high number of laborers, often captured Africans.

The *sugar* industry in the Portuguese colony of Brazil demanded a high number of laborers, often captured Africans.

What was the significance of Columbus's voyages?

The voyages began the process of European colonization in the Americas.

Magellan himself died in Philippines. What was the importance of the voyage his crew completed?

They became the first to sail around the globe.

How did Spanish treat the peoples they conquered?

They created a Mestizo population, imposed their culture, and exploited native Americans as their laborers.

Besides breaking up African families and bringing about the deaths of thousands of Africans in the Americans, the slave trade devastated Africa by introducing what?

guns

New France- Reasons for exploration

To find a sea route to the Pacific, to establish fur trade.

Lands that are controlled by another nation are called what?

colonies

Cortes and others who sought riches in the Americans were known as what?

conquistadors.

Africans survived a life of slavery in America by relying on their what?

cultural traditions

The system of oppression used by the Spanish against the Native Americans was called what?

encomienda

After Magellan's death, his crew returned to Spain in 1522 and became the first sailors to what?

sail around the world.

The first Europeans to explore Africa in the 1400's were who?

the Portuguese